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曾經的抗疫模范國,現在徹底崩了

傳播力極強的德爾塔變種病毒讓越南原本還能夠應付的抗疫系統轉眼成了擺設。

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當歐美的各發達國家為應對新冠疫情而疲于奔命之時,越南已經基本成功地將新冠病毒阻隔在了國境線之外。數月前,卓越的抗疫成效仍然足以讓越南引以為傲。然而今夏以來,受到德爾塔變種病毒病例激增的影響,該國此前的亮眼成績已經成為過眼云煙。

過去一周,越南的感染率再創新高,單日平均新增10680例,新冠肺炎相關死亡病例激增至單日360例。據約翰斯?霍普金斯大學(Johns Hopkins University)提供的數據,截至目前,越南全國共有358456例確診病例,其中263543例為上月確診;死亡病例8666人,其中8296人在過去的一個月時間里去世。

正在胡志明市新冠肺炎病房工作的牛津大學臨床研究中心(Oxford University Clinical Research Unit)主任蓋伊?思韋茨說:“(越南人)沒有經歷過這種景象,新一輪疫情爆發已經讓(越南的醫療體系)捉襟見肘。”

8月24日,美國副總統賀錦麗(Kamala Harris)抵達越南展開訪問,此時正值越南的新冠疫情最旺之時。賀錦麗計劃與越南政府協調新冠戰略,但越南除了將封城舉措延長數周、加緊推動進展緩慢的疫苗接種工作外,或許并未找到破解當前危局的路徑。

德爾塔變種病毒

在2020年的大部分時間及2021年年初,越南基本未受新冠疫情影響。該國通過管控邊境、及時隔離、緊密追蹤密接者及地方性封城等措施,成功地遏制住了新冠病毒的蔓延。

由于“抗疫”成績斐然,越南成為去年全球少數幾個實現經濟正增長的國家之一。

2020年,越南GDP增長了2.9%,在印尼、馬來西亞等鄰國紛紛實施嚴格封城措施的背景之下,越南因為疫情管控得當,企業、工廠仍然可以保持正常運轉。

但今年5月,越南報告了一起與胡志明市的某教堂有關的群聚感染案例,共有超過100人感染。當局對該市的部分地區進行了封鎖,同時開始進行大規模核酸檢測,但病例數仍然不斷攀升。到6月和7月,越南的每日新增病例數已經達到數千之多,不但胡志明市受到影響,全國各地也都受到了波及。

思韋茨表示,病毒進入越南的路徑可能不只一條,傳播力極強的德爾塔變種病毒讓越南原本還能夠應付的抗疫系統轉眼成了擺設。

“本期疫情爆發的源頭是德爾塔變種病毒。”思韋茨稱,“越南此前的抗疫工作極為出色,但其脆弱性始終存在……雖然不想這么說,但事實上,新冠肺炎快速變異并造成如此嚴重的傷害和破壞并不讓我感到驚訝。”

疫苗接種

越南在此類致命的疫情爆發面前依然十分脆弱,主要原因在于該國大多數人口仍然未接種疫苗。截至8月24日,越南完成兩針疫苗接種的人口比例只有1.9%,而在該國9800萬人中,至少接種了一針的人口僅有15.8%。

越南的疫苗接種緩慢的部分原因在于,早期疫苗供應大部分都被富有國家搶購一空。

本周,世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)的總干事譚德塞(Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus)嚴厲批評了富有國家囤積疫苗的行為,并呼吁向那些正在進行疫苗加強接種的國家停供兩個月,以便將現有疫苗供應優先發放給急需接種的國家。

然而在獲取疫苗方面,越南可能也曾經掉以輕心,因為該國在今春幾乎沒有出現過新冠病例。

越南在3月啟動了其疫苗接種計劃,當時使用的是英國疫苗制造商阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)以及俄羅斯Sputnik V的疫苗。自那之后,該國已經部署了超過1150萬支阿斯利康疫苗。然而,越南直到7月才開始提升供應量,當時,越南衛生官員為中國疫苗制造商國藥集團以及美國輝瑞(Pfizer)和Moderna疫苗的引入掃清了障礙。總的來說,越南如今已經拿到了1000多萬支疫苗,而且該國最近計劃在年底前為50%的人口接種疫苗。

澳大利亞戰略政策研究所(Australian Strategic Policy Institute)高級分析師、東南亞政策專家洪樂秋(Huong Le Thu,音譯)稱,美國已經向越南捐贈了500萬支輝瑞和Moderna疫苗,比給其他任何國家的捐贈都多。然而她表示,如果賀錦麗的訪問可以帶來更多的疫苗,那么越南當前的危機就有望得到緩解。洪樂秋說:“對于能夠立即送達越南的疫苗,來多少我們要多少。”她還表示,賀錦麗預計本周在越南設立新的美國疾病控制與預防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)辦公室,這個積極的信號表明,美國有意更加深入地參與解決越南的公共衛生問題。

封鎖令

盡管越南的疫苗接種進展十分緩慢,但該國推行了嚴厲的封鎖令,以控制新病例的激增。為了應對最近的爆發,越南政府已經在胡志明市、河內等主要城市發布了嚴格的居家隔離令。8月23日,政府向胡志明市派遣軍隊,以強制實施封鎖令,并發放食物。胡志明市還在8月24日宣布,該市將對全市900萬居民進行核酸檢測。

與此同時,越南的鄰國泰國也遭遇了新一輪的疫情感染,其疫苗接種的進展亦十分緩慢。泰國在本周宣布,該國將放棄其零新冠病例策略,轉而采取病毒容忍政策。

洪樂秋稱,為了重啟經濟,越南最終將不得不學會與疫情共處,并允許本國存在一定水平的感染率。然而,政府如今似乎決定堅持其零新冠病例策略,并不惜一切代價阻止該疾病的傳播。

洪樂秋說:“[與病毒共處]可能才是越南的未來之路。然而在眼下,[政府]還沒有傳遞出這種信息,因為當務之急是控制疫情傳播,并讓民眾接種疫苗。”

思韋茨稱,越南的醫療系統正處于崩潰邊緣,因此政府或許有必要在新增病例下降之前采取嚴格的社交隔離政策。

“我認為封鎖令是越南短期內確保其醫療系統不至于崩潰的唯一舉措。”思韋茨說。(財富中文網)

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

當歐美的各發達國家為應對新冠疫情而疲于奔命之時,越南已經基本成功地將新冠病毒阻隔在了國境線之外。數月前,卓越的抗疫成效仍然足以讓越南引以為傲。然而今夏以來,受到德爾塔變種病毒病例激增的影響,該國此前的亮眼成績已經成為過眼云煙。

過去一周,越南的感染率再創新高,單日平均新增10680例,新冠肺炎相關死亡病例激增至單日360例。據約翰斯?霍普金斯大學(Johns Hopkins University)提供的數據,截至目前,越南全國共有358456例確診病例,其中263543例為上月確診;死亡病例8666人,其中8296人在過去的一個月時間里去世。

正在胡志明市新冠肺炎病房工作的牛津大學臨床研究中心(Oxford University Clinical Research Unit)主任蓋伊?思韋茨說:“(越南人)沒有經歷過這種景象,新一輪疫情爆發已經讓(越南的醫療體系)捉襟見肘。”

8月24日,美國副總統賀錦麗(Kamala Harris)抵達越南展開訪問,此時正值越南的新冠疫情最旺之時。賀錦麗計劃與越南政府協調新冠戰略,但越南除了將封城舉措延長數周、加緊推動進展緩慢的疫苗接種工作外,或許并未找到破解當前危局的路徑。

德爾塔變種病毒

在2020年的大部分時間及2021年年初,越南基本未受新冠疫情影響。該國通過管控邊境、及時隔離、緊密追蹤密接者及地方性封城等措施,成功地遏制住了新冠病毒的蔓延。

由于“抗疫”成績斐然,越南成為去年全球少數幾個實現經濟正增長的國家之一。

2020年,越南GDP增長了2.9%,在印尼、馬來西亞等鄰國紛紛實施嚴格封城措施的背景之下,越南因為疫情管控得當,企業、工廠仍然可以保持正常運轉。

但今年5月,越南報告了一起與胡志明市的某教堂有關的群聚感染案例,共有超過100人感染。當局對該市的部分地區進行了封鎖,同時開始進行大規模核酸檢測,但病例數仍然不斷攀升。到6月和7月,越南的每日新增病例數已經達到數千之多,不但胡志明市受到影響,全國各地也都受到了波及。

思韋茨表示,病毒進入越南的路徑可能不只一條,傳播力極強的德爾塔變種病毒讓越南原本還能夠應付的抗疫系統轉眼成了擺設。

“本期疫情爆發的源頭是德爾塔變種病毒。”思韋茨稱,“越南此前的抗疫工作極為出色,但其脆弱性始終存在……雖然不想這么說,但事實上,新冠肺炎快速變異并造成如此嚴重的傷害和破壞并不讓我感到驚訝。”

疫苗接種

越南在此類致命的疫情爆發面前依然十分脆弱,主要原因在于該國大多數人口仍然未接種疫苗。截至8月24日,越南完成兩針疫苗接種的人口比例只有1.9%,而在該國9800萬人中,至少接種了一針的人口僅有15.8%。

越南的疫苗接種緩慢的部分原因在于,早期疫苗供應大部分都被富有國家搶購一空。

本周,世界衛生組織(World Health Organization)的總干事譚德塞(Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus)嚴厲批評了富有國家囤積疫苗的行為,并呼吁向那些正在進行疫苗加強接種的國家停供兩個月,以便將現有疫苗供應優先發放給急需接種的國家。

然而在獲取疫苗方面,越南可能也曾經掉以輕心,因為該國在今春幾乎沒有出現過新冠病例。

越南在3月啟動了其疫苗接種計劃,當時使用的是英國疫苗制造商阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)以及俄羅斯Sputnik V的疫苗。自那之后,該國已經部署了超過1150萬支阿斯利康疫苗。然而,越南直到7月才開始提升供應量,當時,越南衛生官員為中國疫苗制造商國藥集團以及美國輝瑞(Pfizer)和Moderna疫苗的引入掃清了障礙。總的來說,越南如今已經拿到了1000多萬支疫苗,而且該國最近計劃在年底前為50%的人口接種疫苗。

澳大利亞戰略政策研究所(Australian Strategic Policy Institute)高級分析師、東南亞政策專家洪樂秋(Huong Le Thu,音譯)稱,美國已經向越南捐贈了500萬支輝瑞和Moderna疫苗,比給其他任何國家的捐贈都多。然而她表示,如果賀錦麗的訪問可以帶來更多的疫苗,那么越南當前的危機就有望得到緩解。洪樂秋說:“對于能夠立即送達越南的疫苗,來多少我們要多少。”她還表示,賀錦麗預計本周在越南設立新的美國疾病控制與預防中心(U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)辦公室,這個積極的信號表明,美國有意更加深入地參與解決越南的公共衛生問題。

封鎖令

盡管越南的疫苗接種進展十分緩慢,但該國推行了嚴厲的封鎖令,以控制新病例的激增。為了應對最近的爆發,越南政府已經在胡志明市、河內等主要城市發布了嚴格的居家隔離令。8月23日,政府向胡志明市派遣軍隊,以強制實施封鎖令,并發放食物。胡志明市還在8月24日宣布,該市將對全市900萬居民進行核酸檢測。

與此同時,越南的鄰國泰國也遭遇了新一輪的疫情感染,其疫苗接種的進展亦十分緩慢。泰國在本周宣布,該國將放棄其零新冠病例策略,轉而采取病毒容忍政策。

洪樂秋稱,為了重啟經濟,越南最終將不得不學會與疫情共處,并允許本國存在一定水平的感染率。然而,政府如今似乎決定堅持其零新冠病例策略,并不惜一切代價阻止該疾病的傳播。

洪樂秋說:“[與病毒共處]可能才是越南的未來之路。然而在眼下,[政府]還沒有傳遞出這種信息,因為當務之急是控制疫情傳播,并讓民眾接種疫苗。”

思韋茨稱,越南的醫療系統正處于崩潰邊緣,因此政府或許有必要在新增病例下降之前采取嚴格的社交隔離政策。

“我認為封鎖令是越南短期內確保其醫療系統不至于崩潰的唯一舉措。”思韋茨說。(財富中文網)

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

Up until a few months ago, Vietnam could boast of one of the world’s most successful COVID-19 responses. The country virtually eradicated the virus from the country’s borders even as it flummoxed governments and ravaged health systems in richer countries like the U.S. But this summer, Vietnam’s victory over COVID was inundated by a Delta-driven wave of infections.

In the past week, Vietnam has reported record-high infection rates, with new cases averaging 10,680 per day and COVID-related deaths surging to 360 per day. In total, 263,543 of the country’s 358456 infections have been reported in the past month, according to Johns Hopkins. Meanwhile, 8,296 of the country’s 8,666 deaths from COVID-19 have occurred in the past month.

“No one [here] has really experienced anything like this before,” says Guy Thwaites, director of the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), who also works in COVID-19 wards in Ho Chi Minh City. “The outbreak has definitely stretched [Vietnam’s health care system] enormously.”

U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris, due to arrive in Vietnam on August 24, will encounter the country at its most dire point in battling the pandemic. Harris plans to coordinate with the government on its COVID-19 strategy, but Vietnam may not have a clear path out of its current crisis beyond weeks of extended lockdowns and a renewed effort to accelerate its fledgling vaccination campaign.

The Delta variant

For much of 2020 and early 2021, Vietnam lived relatively free of COVID-19. The country deployed a mixture of border restrictions and quarantines, intensive contact tracing teams, and localized lockdowns to keep the virus at bay.

Vietnam’s success in containing the virus allowed it to become one of the only countries in the world to grow its economy last year.

In 2020, the country’s GDP expanded by 2.9%, as virus containment measures allowed businesses and factories to remain open even as neighboring countries like Indonesia and Malaysia endured strict lockdowns.

But in May, Vietnam reported a cluster of over a hundred cases tied to a church in Ho Chi Minh City. Authorities locked down parts of the city and conducted a mass testing campaign, but cases continued to climb. By June and July, Vietnam began reporting hundreds and then thousands of new infections per day, not just in Ho Chi Minh City but throughout the country.

Thwaites says that the virus was likely introduced at multiple points into Vietnam, and the highly transmissible Delta variant simply overwhelmed Vietnam’s once airtight system.

“It’s a Delta-driven surge,” says Thwaites. “The country has done enormously well, but it was always vulnerable…It doesn’t surprise me, unfortunately, that something like [COVID-19] can evolve this quickly and cause this degree of harm and disruption.”

Vaccinations

The principal reason that Vietnam remains vulnerable to such a deadly outbreak is that much of its population remains unvaccinated. As of August 24, Vietnam had fully vaccinated just 1.9% of its population, while 15.8% of the country’s 98 million citizens have gotten at least one jab.

Vietnam’s slow vaccine rollout is due, in part, to the fact that wealthy nations gobbled up the majority of early vaccine supplies.

This week World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, who has castigated wealthy countries for hoarding vaccine supplies, called for a two-month moratorium on nations distributing booster shots in order to prioritize sending existing supplies to countries that need the jabs.

But Vietnam may have also gotten complacent about securing jabs while the country lived relatively free of COVID-19 this spring.

Vietnam launched its vaccination campaign in March using doses from British vaccine maker AstraZeneca as well as Russia’s Sputnik V vaccine, and it has deployed over 11.5 million AstraZeneca shots since then. But the country did not bolster its supply until July, when health officials cleared the way for distribution of doses supplied by Chinese vaccine maker Sinopharm and the American firms Pfizer and Moderna. In total, Vietnam has now secured over 100 million vaccine doses, and recently rolled out a plan to vaccinate 50% of its population by the end of the year.

Huong Le Thu, a senior analyst and Southeast Asia policy expert at the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, says the U.S. has donated 5 million Pfizer and Moderna vaccines to Vietnam, more than any other country. But she notes that Harris’s visit could help alleviate Vietnam’s current crisis if it leads to more vaccines. “Any amount of vaccines arriving immediately would be welcomed,” Le Thu says. She adds that Harris is expected to launch a new U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention office in Vietnam this week, a positive sign that the U.S. is interested in deeper engagement on public health issues in Vietnam.

Lockdowns

While Vietnam’s vaccination campaign has lagged, the country has imposed strict lockdowns to contain the surge of infections. In response to the latest outbreak, the government has issued strict stay-at-home orders in major cities like Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. On August 23, the government dispatched the military to Ho Chi Minh City to enforce the lockdown and hand out food supplies. Ho Chi Minh City also announced on August 24 that it plans a citywide testing campaign for its 9 million residents.

Meanwhile, Vietnam’s neighbor Thailand announced this week that it will shift away from a COVID-zero strategy to one that tolerates the virus amid its own wave of new infections and a similarly lagging vaccine campaign.

Le Thu says that Vietnam will eventually have to learn to live with the virus and accept some level of infections spreading through the country in order to reopen. But for now the government appears set on sticking to its COVID-zero strategy and reducing the spread of the disease at all costs.

“[Living with the virus] is probably the future course for Vietnam,” Le Thu says. “But at the moment there are no such messages yet [from the government] because the urgency is on controlling the spread and vaccinating the population.”

Thwaites says that Vietnam’s health care system is on the brink, and strict social distancing measures may be necessary until cases begin to fall.

“I think lockdowns are the only measure in the short term to keep the health care system from falling over,” says Thwaites.

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