《雅各書》(Epistle of James)中的圣經傳說是對現今股市的寓言。這個道德寓言故事講的是,從前,在巴格達,有個商人派他的仆人去市場采購貨物。敘述者“死神”也在貨攤前閑逛,并且推了這個仆人一把。死神一邊后退,一邊舉起雙臂,好像是要攻擊仆人,仆人嚇壞了,跑去和商人借馬,準備馬上逃離。“請你把馬借給我,我要離開這座城市,躲過我的命運,”他告訴商人,然后以最快的速度縱馬奔向薩馬拉。當日晚些時候,商人也去了市場,并見到了死神。“你為什么要對我的仆人作出威脅的手勢?”商人問道。“那不是威脅的手勢,那只是吃驚的表示!”死神答道。“我只不過看他那時還在巴格達,大為吃驚。因為,我預定今晚要在薩馬拉和他碰面。”
大盤股可能也注定會在“薩馬拉”有自己的命運。這是著名周期性調整市盈率(CAPE)發出的危險信號。CAPE由耶魯大學經濟學家羅伯特?希勒提出。這一指標深受市場上眾多精英人士的青睞,包括Research Affiliates的羅伯?阿諾特以及AQR Capital的克里夫?阿斯尼斯。
相對于標準市盈率,CAPE比率能更加可靠地衡量股價何時低或何時超高。由于收益極不穩定,因此,像我們去年看到的那種暴跌會讓倍數看起來虛高,而暫時的、不可持續的飆升會讓人產生一種錯覺,認為標普500指數成分股價格極低,即2019年底出現的情況。而希勒則使用十年盈利平均值來削平波峰和波谷的影響。
截至4月8日中午收盤,標普500指數再創歷史新高,漲至4094點,CAPE比率達36.8。在希勒所追蹤的139年歷史中,只有一個時期達到如此之高。即使在1929年股市大崩盤之際,CAPE比率仍一直徘徊在33以下。CAPE比率達到37的情況,包括世紀之交互聯網泡沫期間價格膨脹最嚴重的時期。就在23年前,即1998年4月,CAPE比率達到37.4,創下當時的歷史新高。因此,投資者首先要考慮的問題是:過去的價格走勢如何,而重新調整1998年里程碑數字又會表明未來的價格走勢如何?
互聯網熱潮的有趣之處在于,即使CAPE比率開始發出危險信號,股市仍在很長一段時間內狂飆。自CAPE比率幾乎觸及37起的28個月里,標普500指數從1112點起一路高漲,到2000年8月升至1485點的峰值。因此,該指數在觸及37這個倍數之后上漲了33.5%,回想起來,這應該會讓投資者感到震驚。
最終,CAPE比率于1998年4月達到37,已經預示著股價將會暴跌。在接下來的兩年多時間里,股價越高,未來跌幅可能就越大。一波跌勢隨之而來。到2001年9月,該指數出現了波動,當CAPE比率首次達到37時,標普500指數跌破1112點。但跌勢并未就此停止。在2002年2月的低點,價格比1998年5月的基準值下降了23%,直到2004年8月才填平虧損。因此,自CAPE比率觸及37以來的六年多時間里,標普實現的資本收益為零。投資者確實每年獲得了1.4%的股息回報,但其甚至未能跟上通脹率。
自CAPE比率達到37起的整整十年里,股東們的處境如何?到2008年4月,標普實現的年股價升值率為2.0%,股息回報率為1.4%,總回報僅為微不足道的3.4%。如果你在1998年春季買入股票,但從未賣出,那么到今天為止,年資本收益率將達到6%。再加上股息,年總回報率僅為平庸的7.4%。
但如果你打算繼續持有, 7.4%也可能是虛幻的。在我們的假設中,你在1998年買入該指數股票,你只會獲得些平庸的個位數回報,因為標普指數再次過度虛高。目前,CAPE比率超過37,預示著將會出現暴跌,就像25年前一樣。
那么你現在應該賣出了嗎?
這一問題比看上去更難。事實上,股票熱潮可能會持續很長一段時間,使股價從極端高估走向瘋狂高估。我們在互聯網繁榮時期看到過這種現象,當時CAPE比率達到37,且標普指數持續上漲,漲幅超過30%。這種情況有可能再次發生。問題是,當CAPE比率顯示股價異常高時,股價通常不會在未來很長一段時間內持續走高。互聯網爆炸的持久情況實屬例外。由于CAPE在20世紀20年代中期過高,2008年5月,股價在六個月暴跌三分之一以上。請注意:如果你認為你能選擇進場時機,并能預測已被高估的股票最終何時會見頂,你就有可能遭遇股市暴跌。
股市何時會暴跌,誰也無法預料。但有一件事可以肯定:死神正在“薩馬拉”等著呢。(財富中文網)
翻譯:郝秀
審校:汪皓
《雅各書》(Epistle of James)中的圣經傳說是對現今股市的寓言。這個道德寓言故事講的是,從前,在巴格達,有個商人派他的仆人去市場采購貨物。敘述者“死神”也在貨攤前閑逛,并且推了這個仆人一把。死神一邊后退,一邊舉起雙臂,好像是要攻擊仆人,仆人嚇壞了,跑去和商人借馬,準備馬上逃離。“請你把馬借給我,我要離開這座城市,躲過我的命運,”他告訴商人,然后以最快的速度縱馬奔向薩馬拉。當日晚些時候,商人也去了市場,并見到了死神。“你為什么要對我的仆人作出威脅的手勢?”商人問道。“那不是威脅的手勢,那只是吃驚的表示!”死神答道。“我只不過看他那時還在巴格達,大為吃驚。因為,我預定今晚要在薩馬拉和他碰面。”
大盤股可能也注定會在“薩馬拉”有自己的命運。這是著名周期性調整市盈率(CAPE)發出的危險信號。CAPE由耶魯大學經濟學家羅伯特?希勒提出。這一指標深受市場上眾多精英人士的青睞,包括Research Affiliates的羅伯?阿諾特以及AQR Capital的克里夫?阿斯尼斯。
相對于標準市盈率,CAPE比率能更加可靠地衡量股價何時低或何時超高。由于收益極不穩定,因此,像我們去年看到的那種暴跌會讓倍數看起來虛高,而暫時的、不可持續的飆升會讓人產生一種錯覺,認為標普500指數成分股價格極低,即2019年底出現的情況。而希勒則使用十年盈利平均值來削平波峰和波谷的影響。
截至4月8日中午收盤,標普500指數再創歷史新高,漲至4094點,CAPE比率達36.8。在希勒所追蹤的139年歷史中,只有一個時期達到如此之高。即使在1929年股市大崩盤之際,CAPE比率仍一直徘徊在33以下。CAPE比率達到37的情況,包括世紀之交互聯網泡沫期間價格膨脹最嚴重的時期。就在23年前,即1998年4月,CAPE比率達到37.4,創下當時的歷史新高。因此,投資者首先要考慮的問題是:過去的價格走勢如何,而重新調整1998年里程碑數字又會表明未來的價格走勢如何?
互聯網熱潮的有趣之處在于,即使CAPE比率開始發出危險信號,股市仍在很長一段時間內狂飆。自CAPE比率幾乎觸及37起的28個月里,標普500指數從1112點起一路高漲,到2000年8月升至1485點的峰值。因此,該指數在觸及37這個倍數之后上漲了33.5%,回想起來,這應該會讓投資者感到震驚。
最終,CAPE比率于1998年4月達到37,已經預示著股價將會暴跌。在接下來的兩年多時間里,股價越高,未來跌幅可能就越大。一波跌勢隨之而來。到2001年9月,該指數出現了波動,當CAPE比率首次達到37時,標普500指數跌破1112點。但跌勢并未就此停止。在2002年2月的低點,價格比1998年5月的基準值下降了23%,直到2004年8月才填平虧損。因此,自CAPE比率觸及37以來的六年多時間里,標普實現的資本收益為零。投資者確實每年獲得了1.4%的股息回報,但其甚至未能跟上通脹率。
自CAPE比率達到37起的整整十年里,股東們的處境如何?到2008年4月,標普實現的年股價升值率為2.0%,股息回報率為1.4%,總回報僅為微不足道的3.4%。如果你在1998年春季買入股票,但從未賣出,那么到今天為止,年資本收益率將達到6%。再加上股息,年總回報率僅為平庸的7.4%。
但如果你打算繼續持有, 7.4%也可能是虛幻的。在我們的假設中,你在1998年買入該指數股票,你只會獲得些平庸的個位數回報,因為標普指數再次過度虛高。目前,CAPE比率超過37,預示著將會出現暴跌,就像25年前一樣。
那么你現在應該賣出了嗎?
這一問題比看上去更難。事實上,股票熱潮可能會持續很長一段時間,使股價從極端高估走向瘋狂高估。我們在互聯網繁榮時期看到過這種現象,當時CAPE比率達到37,且標普指數持續上漲,漲幅超過30%。這種情況有可能再次發生。問題是,當CAPE比率顯示股價異常高時,股價通常不會在未來很長一段時間內持續走高。互聯網爆炸的持久情況實屬例外。由于CAPE在20世紀20年代中期過高,2008年5月,股價在六個月暴跌三分之一以上。請注意:如果你認為你能選擇進場時機,并能預測已被高估的股票最終何時會見頂,你就有可能遭遇股市暴跌。
股市何時會暴跌,誰也無法預料。但有一件事可以肯定:死神正在“薩馬拉”等著呢。(財富中文網)
翻譯:郝秀
審校:汪皓
A biblical legend in the Epistle of James provides an allegory for today's stock market. In that moral fable, a merchant sends his servant to the Baghdad market for provisions. "Death," the narrator, is roaming the stalls as well, and jostles the servant. Death recoils and throws up his arms as if to strike, terrifying the servant, who flees to borrow the merchant's horse for a quick getaway. "I will ride away from the city to avoid my fate," he tells the merchant, then gallops for Samarra. Later that day, the merchant sees Death in the marketplace. “Why did you threaten my servant?” demands the merchant. "That wasn't a threatening gesture, it was a gesture of surprise!" Death replies. "I was surprised to see him in the city, because I had an appointment with him tonight in Samarra."
Big-cap stocks may well face their own appointment in Samarra. That's the menacing signal coming from the famous cyclically adjusted price/earnings ratio, or CAPE, developed by Yale economist Robert Shiller. The metric is favored by many of the best minds in the markets, from Research Affiliates’ Rob Arnott to AQR Capital’s Cliff Asness.
The CAPE is a much more reliable measure of when equities are cheap or superexpensive than using the standard P/E. That's because earnings are extremely volatile, so that a sharp drop like the one we witnessed last year makes multiples look inflated, while a temporary, unsustainable surge gives the illusion that the S&P 500 is a bargain, the situation in late 2019. Instead, Shiller averages profits over the previous decade to smooth the peaks and valleys.
As of midday on April 8, as the S&P hit a record 4094, the CAPE stood at 36.8. It's been that high during only one period in the 139-year history tracked by Shiller. Even at the verge of the 1929 crash, it hovered below 33. That CAPE-at-37 span bracketed the interlude when prices were most inflated during the turn-of-the-century Internet bubble. Exactly 23 years ago, in April 1998, the CAPE hit 37.4, a record high at the time. So here's the question that should be foremost in investors' minds: Where did prices go from there, and what does rescaling that 1998 milestone tell us about where they'll go from here?
What's interesting about the dotcom craze is that even when the CAPE started signaling danger, stocks roared for a long time. Over the 28 months starting when the CAPE nearly hit 37, the S&P jumped from 1112 to the frenzy's peak of 1485, reached in August 2000. Hence, the index gained 33.5% after notching a multiple that in retrospect should have petrified investors.
As it turned out, the 37 CAPE in April 1998 already foretold a steep fall in prices. The higher stocks climbed from there over the next two-plus years, the sharper the eventual fall ahead was likely to be. A wipeout ensued. By September 2001, the index had made a roundtrip, dropping below the 1112 mark when the CAPE first reached 37. The descent didn't stop there. At the low point in February 2002, prices sank 23% under the benchmark in May 1998, and they didn't get back to even until August 2004. So for over six years from the month the CAPE hit 37, the S&P delivered zero capital gains. Investors did collect 1.4% annually from dividends, a return that didn't even match inflation.
How did shareholders fare over the full decade that started with a CAPE of 37? By April 2008, the S&P had returned 2.0% a year in price appreciation, and another 1.4% in dividends, for a paltry 3.4%. If you had bought back in the spring of 1998 and never sold, as of today you'd have 6% in annual capital gains. Add dividends, and the total return would be an unimpressive 7.4% a year.
But that 7.4% number is probably illusory, if you're planning to hold. In our scenario, in which you bought into the index in 1998, you would only have achieved even those mediocre, single-digit returns because the S&P is once again highly inflated. Today's CAPE of over 37 is forecasting a big fall, just as it was almost a quarter of a century ago.
So should you sell now?
That's a tougher question than it appears. The truth is, these fevers can last a long time and send shares from extremely to wildly overpriced. We saw that phenomenon in the Internet boom, when the CAPE started at 37, and the S&P proceeded to climb over 30%. It could happen again. The problem is that when the CAPE shows that prices are extra rich, they usually don't keep getting richer for an extended period. The longevity of the dotcom explosion was the exception. In May 2008, with the CAPE looking pricey in the mid-20s, stocks dropped in six months by over one-third. Message: If you think you can time the market and predict when already overpriced stocks will eventually peak, you risk getting caught in the deluge.
It impossible to say when the deluge will come. But one thing is certain: The grim reaper is waiting in Samarra.