干杯!
3月4日,英美兩國針對飛機制造商波音(Boeing)和空客(Airbus)非法補貼的貿易爭端持續17年后,美國宣布對進口單一純麥威士忌暫停征收懲罰性關稅,蘇格蘭威士忌制造商稱之為“天大好消息”。
多年來,美國和歐盟27國互相征收數十億美元關稅以打擊對方出口,理由是指責對方對波音和空客提供不公平的協助。
貿易戰中的兩邊針鋒相對且迅速失控,最過分的案例之一是,雙方還列出一長串與航空航天部門毫無關系的商品清單。殃及的池魚甚至包括法國葡萄酒、愛爾蘭和蘇格蘭威士忌,以及意大利硬奶酪消費者。(在蘇格蘭和加拿大,威士忌寫為“whisky”,比常見拼寫少一個字母e。)
歐盟跟美國在該問題上仍然存在分歧,不過自去年年底英國明確退出歐盟以來,一直在努力斡旋調停。
去年12月,英國政府表示,暫停對波音案中的美國商品征收報復性關稅,希望通過談判解決長期以來商用飛機補貼引發的爭端。
暫停4個月
3月4日,拜登政府也做出了和解姿態。“英國和美國承諾暫停4個月關稅以減輕行業負擔,而且要聯合采取積極措施解決世界貿易組織(World Trade Organization)里持續最久的爭端。”兩國政府在一份聯合聲明中稱。
這份聲明稱,為期4個月的停戰協議“可以提供充分時間集中就平衡解決爭端展開談判,也能夠認真應對一些新進入民航領域的非市場經濟體對市場形成的挑戰。”
然而,只要全球協議涉及飛機補貼,就都需要歐盟參與。空客財團主要由德國、法國、西班牙和英國組成,目前空客與波音共同主導全球客機市場。
蘇格蘭威士忌生產商對該消息顯然非常歡迎,其產品單一純麥威士忌之前受美國征收25%關稅嚴重打擊。在暫停關稅后,美國消費者購買蘇格蘭威士忌會更便宜。
“這是極好的消息,全行業都很高興。加征關稅的16個月里,單一純麥蘇格蘭威士忌蒙受了巨大損失,對美國出口下降了35%,企業損失也超過5億英鎊(約合7億美元)。”蘇格蘭威士忌協會(Scotch Whisky Association)的首席執行官凱倫·貝茨表示。
突發新聞:英國和美國同意對蘇格蘭威士忌暫停征收4個月關稅!
貿易爭端導致行業出口損失超過5億英鎊。
——蘇格蘭威士忌協會(@ScotchWhiskySWA),2021年3月4日
美國是蘇格蘭威士忌最大的市場,2019年出口額超過10億英鎊(14億美元),占全球出口五分之一。
“從蘇格蘭威士忌的制造商到斯蒂頓奶酪的制造商,英國各企業都可以因為美國決定暫停爭端而獲益。”英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜在一份聲明中稱,“簽訂協議支持自由貿易和公平貿易,也凸顯了英國作為獨立貿易國發揮的作用。”
蘇格蘭羊絨針織品生產商和約克郡養豬戶也能夠從中受益。
英國政府跟歐洲最大貿易伙伴的密切關系結束后,越發渴望跟美國達成自由貿易協定。
美國暫停征收關稅將積極推動英國經濟增長,目前英國經濟正在努力從新冠疫情中恢復,死亡人數已經超過12萬,經濟也萎縮10%。從政治層面來看,支持蘇格蘭威士忌行業可能也對約翰遜有利,因為當前有民調顯示蘇格蘭大量民眾支持蘇格蘭獨立。
至于空客和波音在補貼問題上的爭議,可以追溯到2004年,不過多年之后才進入世貿組織的爭議系統。
在獲得世貿組織授權后,2019年特朗普政府以歐洲政府非法補貼空客為由,對歐洲產品加征75億美元的進口關稅,打擊范圍從飛機到服裝、葡萄酒、蘇格蘭威士忌、橄欖和奶酪等。之后歐洲各地農民和制造商叫苦不迭,也引發了跨大西洋貿易戰的威脅。
去年11月,針對波音接受補貼引發的爭端,歐盟在獲得世貿組織授權后對從飛機到番茄醬、堅果和冷凍橙汁等一系列的美國產品征收40億美元的進口關稅。
盡管雙方都表示已經結束補貼或減稅,但制裁仍然在進行中,這也是本案的核心。
歐盟一再表示將盡力通過談判解決爭端,結束危害嚴重的關稅符合雙方共同利益。
歐盟委員會(European Commission)的一位貿易發言人告訴《財富》雜志,歐盟與拜登政府的談判仍在進行。
“我們的目標是為持續中的貿易爭端尋找解決方案,也包括涉及空客和波音的爭端。”該發言人表示。“取消關稅對雙方都有利,特別是在疫情對經濟造成重創的當下。我們提議雙方暫停關稅6個月。這樣一來有助于恢復信心和信任,營造空間通過談判全面持久地解決問題。”(財富中文網)
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
干杯!
3月4日,英美兩國針對飛機制造商波音(Boeing)和空客(Airbus)非法補貼的貿易爭端持續17年后,美國宣布對進口單一純麥威士忌暫停征收懲罰性關稅,蘇格蘭威士忌制造商稱之為“天大好消息”。
多年來,美國和歐盟27國互相征收數十億美元關稅以打擊對方出口,理由是指責對方對波音和空客提供不公平的協助。
貿易戰中的兩邊針鋒相對且迅速失控,最過分的案例之一是,雙方還列出一長串與航空航天部門毫無關系的商品清單。殃及的池魚甚至包括法國葡萄酒、愛爾蘭和蘇格蘭威士忌,以及意大利硬奶酪消費者。(在蘇格蘭和加拿大,威士忌寫為“whisky”,比常見拼寫少一個字母e。)
歐盟跟美國在該問題上仍然存在分歧,不過自去年年底英國明確退出歐盟以來,一直在努力斡旋調停。
去年12月,英國政府表示,暫停對波音案中的美國商品征收報復性關稅,希望通過談判解決長期以來商用飛機補貼引發的爭端。
暫停4個月
3月4日,拜登政府也做出了和解姿態。“英國和美國承諾暫停4個月關稅以減輕行業負擔,而且要聯合采取積極措施解決世界貿易組織(World Trade Organization)里持續最久的爭端。”兩國政府在一份聯合聲明中稱。
這份聲明稱,為期4個月的停戰協議“可以提供充分時間集中就平衡解決爭端展開談判,也能夠認真應對一些新進入民航領域的非市場經濟體對市場形成的挑戰。”
然而,只要全球協議涉及飛機補貼,就都需要歐盟參與。空客財團主要由德國、法國、西班牙和英國組成,目前空客與波音共同主導全球客機市場。
蘇格蘭威士忌生產商對該消息顯然非常歡迎,其產品單一純麥威士忌之前受美國征收25%關稅嚴重打擊。在暫停關稅后,美國消費者購買蘇格蘭威士忌會更便宜。
“這是極好的消息,全行業都很高興。加征關稅的16個月里,單一純麥蘇格蘭威士忌蒙受了巨大損失,對美國出口下降了35%,企業損失也超過5億英鎊(約合7億美元)。”蘇格蘭威士忌協會(Scotch Whisky Association)的首席執行官凱倫·貝茨表示。
突發新聞:英國和美國同意對蘇格蘭威士忌暫停征收4個月關稅!
貿易爭端導致行業出口損失超過5億英鎊。
——蘇格蘭威士忌協會(@ScotchWhiskySWA),2021年3月4日
美國是蘇格蘭威士忌最大的市場,2019年出口額超過10億英鎊(14億美元),占全球出口五分之一。
“從蘇格蘭威士忌的制造商到斯蒂頓奶酪的制造商,英國各企業都可以因為美國決定暫停爭端而獲益。”英國首相鮑里斯·約翰遜在一份聲明中稱,“簽訂協議支持自由貿易和公平貿易,也凸顯了英國作為獨立貿易國發揮的作用。”
蘇格蘭羊絨針織品生產商和約克郡養豬戶也能夠從中受益。
英國政府跟歐洲最大貿易伙伴的密切關系結束后,越發渴望跟美國達成自由貿易協定。
美國暫停征收關稅將積極推動英國經濟增長,目前英國經濟正在努力從新冠疫情中恢復,死亡人數已經超過12萬,經濟也萎縮10%。從政治層面來看,支持蘇格蘭威士忌行業可能也對約翰遜有利,因為當前有民調顯示蘇格蘭大量民眾支持蘇格蘭獨立。
至于空客和波音在補貼問題上的爭議,可以追溯到2004年,不過多年之后才進入世貿組織的爭議系統。
在獲得世貿組織授權后,2019年特朗普政府以歐洲政府非法補貼空客為由,對歐洲產品加征75億美元的進口關稅,打擊范圍從飛機到服裝、葡萄酒、蘇格蘭威士忌、橄欖和奶酪等。之后歐洲各地農民和制造商叫苦不迭,也引發了跨大西洋貿易戰的威脅。
去年11月,針對波音接受補貼引發的爭端,歐盟在獲得世貿組織授權后對從飛機到番茄醬、堅果和冷凍橙汁等一系列的美國產品征收40億美元的進口關稅。
盡管雙方都表示已經結束補貼或減稅,但制裁仍然在進行中,這也是本案的核心。
歐盟一再表示將盡力通過談判解決爭端,結束危害嚴重的關稅符合雙方共同利益。
歐盟委員會(European Commission)的一位貿易發言人告訴《財富》雜志,歐盟與拜登政府的談判仍在進行。
“我們的目標是為持續中的貿易爭端尋找解決方案,也包括涉及空客和波音的爭端。”該發言人表示。“取消關稅對雙方都有利,特別是在疫情對經濟造成重創的當下。我們提議雙方暫停關稅6個月。這樣一來有助于恢復信心和信任,營造空間通過談判全面持久地解決問題。”(財富中文網)
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
Raise a toast!
Scottish whisky makers on March 4 hailed it as “fabulous news” after the United States suspended punitive duties on single malt whisky imports as part of a truce with Britain in a 17-year-old trade dispute over illegal subsidies for plane makers Boeing and Airbus.
The United States and the 27-nation European Union hit each other’s exports with billions of dollars of tariffs over the years in parallel disputes in which each accused the other of giving unfair help to Boeing and Airbus respectively.
In one of the ugliest examples of tit-for-tat trade wars that quickly spiral out of control, both sides drew up long lists of goods to target that had nothing to do with aerospace sector. The collateral damage has hit the wallets of aficionados of French wine, Irish and Scottish whisky and Italian hard cheeses. (In Scotland and Canada, the drink is spelled "whisky"—without the e.)
While Brussels and Washington remain at loggerheads over the issue, Britain has tried to defuse the issue since definitively leaving the EU at the end of last year.
The British government said in December it was suspending retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods in the Boeing case to try to reach a negotiated settlement to the long-running dispute over commercial aircraft subsidies.
Four-month suspension
The Biden administration responded with a conciliatory gesture of its own on March 4. “The United Kingdom and the United States are undertaking a four-month tariff suspension to ease the burden on industry and take a bold, joint step towards resolving the longest running disputes at the World Trade Organization,” the two governments said in a joint statement.
The four-month truce would “allow time to focus on negotiating a balanced settlement to the disputes, and begin seriously addressing the challenges posed by new entrants to the civil aviation market from non-market economies,” the statement said.
However, any global agreement on aircraft subsidies would need the participation of the EU. Germany, France, Spain and Britain form the consortium that makes Airbus planes, which together with Boeing, dominate the global market for airliners.
Scotch whisky makers, whose single malt whiskies had been hit with U.S. tariffs of 25 percent, were jubilant at the announcement, which should make imported Scottish single malts cheaper for U.S. drinkers.
“This is fabulous news, and our industry is delighted. The tariff on single malt scotch whisky exports to the U.S. has been doing real damage to Scotch whisky in the 16 months it has been in place, with exports to the U.S. falling by 35%, costing companies over half a billion pounds ($700 million),” Karen Betts, chief executive of the Scotch Whisky Association, said.
BREAKING: UK and US agree to four-month suspension of #ScotchWhisky tariffs!
The trade dispute has cost the industry over ?£500m in lost exports.
— Scotch Whisky Association (@ScotchWhiskySWA) March 4, 2021
The United States is Scotch whisky’s most valuable market, valued at over one billion pounds ($1.4 billion) in 2019 when it accounted for a fifth of global exports.
“From Scotch Whisky distillers to Stilton (cheese) makers, businesses across the U.K. will benefit from the U.S. decision today to suspend tariffs in this dispute,” British Prime Minister Boris Johnson said in a statement. “It shows what the U.K. can do as an independent trading nation, striking deals that back our businesses and support free and fair trade.”
Scottish cashmere knitwear makers and Yorkshire pig farmers should also benefit.
The British government is keen to reach a free trade agreement with the United States after ending its close relationship with its largest trading partners in Europe.
The suspension of U.S. tariffs will be a welcome boost for the U.K. economy as it recovers from the Covid pandemic which has cost more than 120,000 lives and shrunk the economy by 10 per cent. Politically, the fillip to the Scotch whisky industry could also help Johnson at a time when a number of polls suggest there is majority support in Scotland for independence from Britain.
The twin disputes over subsidies to Airbus and Boeing date back to 2004, but took years to wind their way through the World Trade Organization’s dispute system.
After winning authorization from the WTO, the Trump administration imposed $7.5 billion of extra import duties on European products in 2019 over illegal government subsidies for Airbus, hitting products ranging from aircraft to clothes, wine, Scotch whisky, olives and cheese. The sanctions drew howls of pain from the targeted farmers and manufacturers across Europe and raised the threat of a transatlantic trade war.
In November last year, the EU slapped $4 billion of import duties on U.S. products ranging from aircraft to ketchup, nuts and frozen orange juice after winning WTO authorization to do so in the parallel dispute over subsidies to Boeing.
The sanctions remained in place even though both sides said they had ended the subsidies or tax breaks that were at the heart of the cases.
The EU has said repeatedly that it is committed to a negotiated settlement of the dispute, and that it is in the mutual interest of both sides to end the damaging tariffs.
A European Commission spokesperson for trade told Fortune the EU is still engaged in talks with the Biden administration.
"Our aim is to find solutions to our ongoing trade disputes, including on Airbus/Boeing," the spokesperson said. "Removing these tariffs is a win-win for both sides, especially with the pandemic wreaking havoc on our economies. We have proposed that both sides agree to suspend tariffs for six months. This will help restore confidence and trust, and thus give us the space to come to a comprehensive and durable negotiated solution."