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最早嗅到新冠疫情危機的,是美國股市?

Andrew Marquardt
2021-02-25

一年前的這一周,美國股市已經對即將到來的新冠疫情做作出了反應。

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去年,正是在這一周,美國股市似乎得到了首個暗示:新冠疫情可能會帶來重大影響。

當時股市并未出現自由落體式下跌,但各種麻煩卻在去年的這一周接踵而至。LPL Financial的首席市場策略師萊恩?德特里克寫道:“市場上有一句老話:‘股市上漲像爬樓梯,下跌像坐電梯?!蔀榱私酉聛韼字苤泄墒械恼鎸崒懻铡!?/p>

在1月底之前,盡管有少數頭條在報道中國的新冠疫情,但市場觀察家依然認為新冠病毒不會對股市造成多大的影響。直到2月19日,一則新聞才真正引起了市場的關注:“中國將盡一切努力來緩沖新冠疫情的影響,而且會視情況采取刺激舉措?!?/p>

兩天后,也就是2月21日,展望突然發生了巨大變化。有報道稱,日本、韓國和澳大利亞出現了大量的新冠病例。當天,高盛(Goldman Sachs)的皮特?奧本海默在一則紀要中向投資者發出警告,股市進行修正的“可能性更大了”。

到了第二周的周一,意大利的病例出現激增,美國則在緩慢上升,股市終于開始認真對待這件事情?!敦敻弧冯s志的高級編輯伯納德?華納寫道:“所有的指標顯示,就算這不是自新冠疫情最初于1月中旬爆發以來最差的交易時期,也算是最差之一了。與此掛鉤的道瓊斯指數和標普500指數(S&P 500)在開盤后便下跌了約2%?!?/p>

很快,股市的自由落體開始了。德特里克在其報告中寫道,到當月月底,“標普500指數迎來了歷史上最快的熊市(收盤時較此前的歷史新高下滑了20%),而且僅用16天便完成了這一壯舉。”

盡管當時在任的唐納德?特朗普總統依然稱新冠病毒對大多數美國人來說屬于低風險事件,但市場已經處于高度警惕狀態。2月28日,華納稱:“美元下跌,原油下跌,大宗商品再次暴跌。即便是黃金也出現了拋售現象。很明顯,牛市正在消退?!?/p>

這還只是個開始。在市場暴跌期間,全球的經濟學家擔心情況會變得一發不可收拾,有一些人甚至預測會出現另一場經濟大蕭條。

Commonwealth Financial Network的資產組合負責人皮特?艾瑟拉說:“經濟學家預測,全球會出現貿易暫停,大規模的封鎖,而且認為這將是一個持續數月、數個季度,甚至可能是數年的夢魘?!?/p>

一年后,超過50萬美國人死于新冠病毒,這個數字已經高于亞特蘭大的人口數量。此外,美國暴力案件數量呈上升趨勢,因為持續的阿片類藥物危機而導致的過量服藥案例出現了激增,創紀錄的美國民眾因為2020年失業率的飆升而失去了醫療保險。

然而事實證明,有關經濟最為悲觀的預測并未實現。在經歷了紛亂的上半年之后,美國實際GDP在2020年第三季度增長了33.4%。美國經濟分析局(U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis)的數字顯示,這一增長延續到了第四季度,當時美國的實際GDP再次增長了4%。

實際GDP:環比變化。圖片來源:美國經濟分析局。(按年化率進行了季節性調整)

到了8月18日,標普500指數再創歷史新高,而且自此之后一路高歌。

德特里克在報告中寫道:“股市有著十分奇怪的機制。”

標普500指數

LPL Financial稱,對日常生活回歸常態化的預期已經開始決定股市的定價,不過,生活何時完全回歸正常依然是個未知數。

德特里克寫道:“相對于新冠疫情初期,全球經濟環境一直在不斷改善。盡管依然存在諸多弱點,但市場更擔心的是經濟今后的走向,而不是其當前的狀況?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W)

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

去年,正是在這一周,美國股市似乎得到了首個暗示:新冠疫情可能會帶來重大影響。

當時股市并未出現自由落體式下跌,但各種麻煩卻在去年的這一周接踵而至。LPL Financial的首席市場策略師萊恩?德特里克寫道:“市場上有一句老話:‘股市上漲像爬樓梯,下跌像坐電梯?!蔀榱私酉聛韼字苤泄墒械恼鎸崒懻?。”

在1月底之前,盡管有少數頭條在報道中國的新冠疫情,但市場觀察家依然認為新冠病毒不會對股市造成多大的影響。直到2月19日,一則新聞才真正引起了市場的關注:“中國將盡一切努力來緩沖新冠疫情的影響,而且會視情況采取刺激舉措?!?/p>

兩天后,也就是2月21日,展望突然發生了巨大變化。有報道稱,日本、韓國和澳大利亞出現了大量的新冠病例。當天,高盛(Goldman Sachs)的皮特?奧本海默在一則紀要中向投資者發出警告,股市進行修正的“可能性更大了”。

到了第二周的周一,意大利的病例出現激增,美國則在緩慢上升,股市終于開始認真對待這件事情。《財富》雜志的高級編輯伯納德?華納寫道:“所有的指標顯示,就算這不是自新冠疫情最初于1月中旬爆發以來最差的交易時期,也算是最差之一了。與此掛鉤的道瓊斯指數和標普500指數(S&P 500)在開盤后便下跌了約2%。”

很快,股市的自由落體開始了。德特里克在其報告中寫道,到當月月底,“標普500指數迎來了歷史上最快的熊市(收盤時較此前的歷史新高下滑了20%),而且僅用16天便完成了這一壯舉?!?/p>

盡管當時在任的唐納德?特朗普總統依然稱新冠病毒對大多數美國人來說屬于低風險事件,但市場已經處于高度警惕狀態。2月28日,華納稱:“美元下跌,原油下跌,大宗商品再次暴跌。即便是黃金也出現了拋售現象。很明顯,牛市正在消退?!?/p>

這還只是個開始。在市場暴跌期間,全球的經濟學家擔心情況會變得一發不可收拾,有一些人甚至預測會出現另一場經濟大蕭條。

Commonwealth Financial Network的資產組合負責人皮特?艾瑟拉說:“經濟學家預測,全球會出現貿易暫停,大規模的封鎖,而且認為這將是一個持續數月、數個季度,甚至可能是數年的夢魘?!?/p>

一年后,超過50萬美國人死于新冠病毒,這個數字已經高于亞特蘭大的人口數量。此外,美國暴力案件數量呈上升趨勢,因為持續的阿片類藥物危機而導致的過量服藥案例出現了激增,創紀錄的美國民眾因為2020年失業率的飆升而失去了醫療保險。

然而事實證明,有關經濟最為悲觀的預測并未實現。在經歷了紛亂的上半年之后,美國實際GDP在2020年第三季度增長了33.4%。美國經濟分析局(U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis)的數字顯示,這一增長延續到了第四季度,當時美國的實際GDP再次增長了4%。

到了8月18日,標普500指數再創歷史新高,而且自此之后一路高歌。

德特里克在報告中寫道:“股市有著十分奇怪的機制。”

標普500指數

LPL Financial稱,對日常生活回歸常態化的預期已經開始決定股市的定價,不過,生活何時完全回歸正常依然是個未知數。

德特里克寫道:“相對于新冠疫情初期,全球經濟環境一直在不斷改善。盡管依然存在諸多弱點,但市場更擔心的是經濟今后的走向,而不是其當前的狀況。”(財富中文網)

譯者:馮豐

審校:夏林

It was this week one year ago that the stock market seemed to get the first hint that COVID could be a thing.

It wasn’t a straight drop down, but this week one year ago marked the start of trouble. “The old market adage ‘Stairs up, elevator down’ certainly rang true over the coming weeks,” wrote Ryan Detrick, chief market strategist for LPL Financial, in a new report.

By the end of January, market-watchers were still guessing that the coronavirus would have little impact on the stock market despite a smattering of headlines about the virus spreading rampantly throughout China. As late as Feb. 19, markets were “climbing on the news that Beijing [would] likely do whatever it takes—injecting stimulus where needed—to cushion the coronavirus blow.”

Two days later, on Feb. 21, the outlook was suddenly far different. Coronavirus cases were reported in large numbers in Japan, South Korea, and Australia, signaling the end of any hope of containing the virus in China. That day, Goldman Sachs’s Peter Oppenheimer warned investors in a note that a stock market correction was “looking more probable.”

By the following Monday, cases were surging in Italy, slowly rising in the United States, and the market was finally beginning to take serious notice. As Fortune senior editor Bernhard Warner wrote in his daily Bull Sheet newsletter on Feb. 24: “All indicators are pointing to one of the worst—if not the worst—trading sessions since the coronavirus outbreak first emerged in mid-January, with the Dow and S&P 500 pegged to open down about 2%.”

Soon, the market was in free fall. By the end of the month, “the S&P 500 recorded the fastest bear market (closing 20% below a previous all-time high) in history, accomplishing that feat in a mere 16 days,” Detrick wrote in his report.

And while then-President Donald Trump was still describing the coronavirus as a low-risk affair for most Americans, markets were already on high alert. On Feb. 28, Warner’s Bull Sheet reported that “the dollar is down, crude is down, and commodities are slumping again. Even gold is selling off. The bulls clearly are in retreat.”

That was just the beginning. Amid the market plunge, economists around the world feared the worst, some even going so far as to predict another Great Depression.

“Economists were forecasting a global halt to trade, massive worldwide lockdowns, and were suggesting that it was going to be a multi-month, multi-quarter, and potentially even a multiyear nightmare scenario,” said Peter Essele, head of portfolio management for Commonwealth Financial Network.

A year later, more than 500,000 Americans have lost their lives to COVID-19, a number higher than the population of Atlanta. In addition, domestic violence numbers have risen, overdose numbers stemming from the ongoing opioid crisis are surging, and a record number of Americans were left without health insurance as unemployment soared in 2020.

But it turns out that the most dire predictions about the economy did not come to pass. After a tumultuous first half of the year, U.S. real GDP increased 33.4% in the third quarter of 2020. Those gains continued into the fourth quarter, when real GDP again rose by 4%, according to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis.

And by Aug. 18, the S&P 500 set new all-time highs and hasn’t looked back since.

“The stock market is a peculiar mechanism,” Detrick wrote in the report.

The stock market has already priced in the normalization of daily life, even if the timeline for a complete return remains uncertain, according to LPL Financial.

“Economic conditions around the world have been improving relative to how they were at the beginning of the pandemic,” Detrick wrote. “While pockets of weakness remain, the market is more concerned with where the economic conditions will be, not where they are currently.”

財富中文網所刊載內容之知識產權為財富媒體知識產權有限公司及/或相關權利人專屬所有或持有。未經許可,禁止進行轉載、摘編、復制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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