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游戲驛站暴露了美證券市場(chǎng)的哪些漏洞?

Graeme Moore
2021-02-03

區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)是數(shù)字時(shí)代的解決方案,能真正讓證券行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)型和現(xiàn)代化。

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格雷姆?摩爾寫道,羅賓漢(Robinhood)雖然限制了游戲驛站(GameStop)股票交易,但不應(yīng)完全控制其股票買賣。圖片來(lái)源:路透社——香農(nóng)?斯臺(tái)普頓

現(xiàn)行股票交易流程早已過(guò)時(shí)。雖然其他行業(yè)隨著技術(shù)和流程的不斷更新已進(jìn)入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代,但華爾街卻還在利用20世紀(jì)70年代的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)?,F(xiàn)行交易仍然離不開(kāi)第三方券商,券商(而非實(shí)際股票所有人)可以控制股票買賣。

這種技術(shù)在過(guò)去確實(shí)有用。但在面臨像游戲驛站(GME)近期遇到的混亂局面時(shí),它就行不通了——如果不做出改變,社交媒體一旦介入,這種情況很可能還會(huì)出現(xiàn)。對(duì)于前幾天發(fā)生的GME事件,我不想再提,但事實(shí)很明了——游戲驛站不想停止交易,投資者也不想停止交易,停止交易的是羅賓漢。

“史無(wú)前例”這個(gè)詞,我們已經(jīng)聽(tīng)膩了,但用它形容現(xiàn)在的事件卻最合適不過(guò)。允許券商控制股票交易的方式和時(shí)間,真是太愚蠢了。只允許用戶賣出股票,第三方券商羅賓漢由此控制了股價(jià)的走向。

事實(shí)上,這是史上唯一一次券商擅自決定只允許投資者賣出股票但不允許買入股票,當(dāng)然這也是唯一一次券商擅自決定強(qiáng)行賣出客戶自管賬戶的現(xiàn)貨頭寸。

有用戶已經(jīng)起訴羅賓漢,我預(yù)計(jì)接下來(lái),禁止客戶交易GME的其他券商也會(huì)面臨更多訴訟。雖然上周已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果不會(huì)改變,但最終,這一切應(yīng)該能推動(dòng)技術(shù)革新,讓投資者能夠直接控制自己的資產(chǎn),而不是讓券商來(lái)控制。

區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)是數(shù)字時(shí)代的解決方案,能真正讓這一行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)型和現(xiàn)代化。目前,擁有公開(kāi)交易股票的唯一方法是在交易所購(gòu)買股票,并通過(guò)券商取得這些股票。如果證券實(shí)現(xiàn)代幣化,投資者就可以自己保留代幣,也可以在任何集中式或分散式交易所買賣代幣。這樣,他們?cè)谑褂米杂匈Y金和資產(chǎn)時(shí),就無(wú)需再獲得羅賓漢和亞美利證券(TD Ameritrades)等券商的許可。

(我的公司Polymath為各大公司提供在區(qū)塊鏈上創(chuàng)建、發(fā)行和管理證券的技術(shù),因此,當(dāng)越來(lái)越多的公司實(shí)現(xiàn)證券代幣化時(shí),我們就可以獲利。)

在證券型代幣世界,如果像羅賓漢這樣的應(yīng)用程序不愿意合作,像對(duì)GME一樣限制交易,投資者仍然可以繞過(guò)券商進(jìn)行交易,或者與滿足其需求的其他券商交易,即時(shí)將其業(yè)務(wù)和資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到其他地方。證券型代幣既能保護(hù)投資者,又能解決這一存在已久的問(wèn)題,遵守合規(guī)要求的任何人隨時(shí)都可以交易。股票市場(chǎng)不必局限于某些國(guó)家的少數(shù)交易所;它可以在分散技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上成為一個(gè)全球化市場(chǎng)。

它是唯一一種真正能解決困擾股票交易行業(yè)眾多問(wèn)題的方法,這一想法有些激進(jìn),但認(rèn)同這一想法的人并非只有我一個(gè)。天使投資人兼前比特幣公司(Coinbase)CTO巴拉吉?斯里尼瓦桑也贊同這種觀點(diǎn)。上周,他在推特(Twitter)上發(fā)文呼吁美國(guó)證券交易監(jiān)督委員會(huì)(美國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì))認(rèn)可證券型代幣,他聲稱“問(wèn)題不在于某些加密貨幣可能是證券,問(wèn)題在于所有證券都還不是加密貨幣?!彼€說(shuō),證券型代幣一旦合法化,投資者使用代幣時(shí)就不再有顧慮,權(quán)力的天平就會(huì)再次偏向投資者,而不是集權(quán)式把關(guān)人。

美國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì)要將近期發(fā)生的事件作為催化劑,并鼓勵(lì)投資者走向代幣化。如果美國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì)的任務(wù)是保護(hù)投資者,那么可以說(shuō),它在上周的任務(wù)中失敗了。但這也可能是其發(fā)出的必要警示,促使各公司接受新技術(shù),直接向投資者出售股票,而不是像傳統(tǒng)證券那樣沾染官僚作風(fēng)并且拖拖拉拉。雖然讓此愿景成為現(xiàn)實(shí)不一定需要美國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì)的批準(zhǔn),但它的批準(zhǔn)的確可以加快這一進(jìn)程。

最重要的是,我們離這個(gè)夢(mèng)想并不遙遠(yuǎn)。因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)技術(shù)已經(jīng)存在。新加坡和德國(guó)等國(guó)已經(jīng)先于美國(guó),為證券代幣化開(kāi)了綠燈。我始終堅(jiān)信,到2040年,所有證券都將轉(zhuǎn)向區(qū)塊鏈——近期發(fā)生的事件讓這一不可避免的轉(zhuǎn)變更快地到來(lái)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

格雷姆?摩爾是Polymath代幣化負(fù)責(zé)人。

翻譯:郝秀

審校:汪皓

現(xiàn)行股票交易流程早已過(guò)時(shí)。雖然其他行業(yè)隨著技術(shù)和流程的不斷更新已進(jìn)入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代,但華爾街卻還在利用20世紀(jì)70年代的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)?,F(xiàn)行交易仍然離不開(kāi)第三方券商,券商(而非實(shí)際股票所有人)可以控制股票買賣。

這種技術(shù)在過(guò)去確實(shí)有用。但在面臨像游戲驛站(GME)近期遇到的混亂局面時(shí),它就行不通了——如果不做出改變,社交媒體一旦介入,這種情況很可能還會(huì)出現(xiàn)。對(duì)于前幾天發(fā)生的GME事件,我不想再提,但事實(shí)很明了——游戲驛站不想停止交易,投資者也不想停止交易,停止交易的是羅賓漢。

“史無(wú)前例”這個(gè)詞,我們已經(jīng)聽(tīng)膩了,但用它形容現(xiàn)在的事件卻最合適不過(guò)。允許券商控制股票交易的方式和時(shí)間,真是太愚蠢了。只允許用戶賣出股票,第三方券商羅賓漢由此控制了股價(jià)的走向。

事實(shí)上,這是史上唯一一次券商擅自決定只允許投資者賣出股票但不允許買入股票,當(dāng)然這也是唯一一次券商擅自決定強(qiáng)行賣出客戶自管賬戶的現(xiàn)貨頭寸。

有用戶已經(jīng)起訴羅賓漢,我預(yù)計(jì)接下來(lái),禁止客戶交易GME的其他券商也會(huì)面臨更多訴訟。雖然上周已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果不會(huì)改變,但最終,這一切應(yīng)該能推動(dòng)技術(shù)革新,讓投資者能夠直接控制自己的資產(chǎn),而不是讓券商來(lái)控制。

區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)是數(shù)字時(shí)代的解決方案,能真正讓這一行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)型和現(xiàn)代化。目前,擁有公開(kāi)交易股票的唯一方法是在交易所購(gòu)買股票,并通過(guò)券商取得這些股票。如果證券實(shí)現(xiàn)代幣化,投資者就可以自己保留代幣,也可以在任何集中式或分散式交易所買賣代幣。這樣,他們?cè)谑褂米杂匈Y金和資產(chǎn)時(shí),就無(wú)需再獲得羅賓漢和亞美利證券(TD Ameritrades)等券商的許可。

(我的公司Polymath為各大公司提供在區(qū)塊鏈上創(chuàng)建、發(fā)行和管理證券的技術(shù),因此,當(dāng)越來(lái)越多的公司實(shí)現(xiàn)證券代幣化時(shí),我們就可以獲利。)

在證券型代幣世界,如果像羅賓漢這樣的應(yīng)用程序不愿意合作,像對(duì)GME一樣限制交易,投資者仍然可以繞過(guò)券商進(jìn)行交易,或者與滿足其需求的其他券商交易,即時(shí)將其業(yè)務(wù)和資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到其他地方。證券型代幣既能保護(hù)投資者,又能解決這一存在已久的問(wèn)題,遵守合規(guī)要求的任何人隨時(shí)都可以交易。股票市場(chǎng)不必局限于某些國(guó)家的少數(shù)交易所;它可以在分散技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上成為一個(gè)全球化市場(chǎng)。

它是唯一一種真正能解決困擾股票交易行業(yè)眾多問(wèn)題的方法,這一想法有些激進(jìn),但認(rèn)同這一想法的人并非只有我一個(gè)。天使投資人兼前比特幣公司(Coinbase)CTO巴拉吉?斯里尼瓦桑也贊同這種觀點(diǎn)。上周,他在推特(Twitter)上發(fā)文呼吁美國(guó)證券交易監(jiān)督委員會(huì)(美國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì))認(rèn)可證券型代幣,他聲稱“問(wèn)題不在于某些加密貨幣可能是證券,問(wèn)題在于所有證券都還不是加密貨幣?!彼€說(shuō),證券型代幣一旦合法化,投資者使用代幣時(shí)就不再有顧慮,權(quán)力的天平就會(huì)再次偏向投資者,而不是集權(quán)式把關(guān)人。

美國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì)要將近期發(fā)生的事件作為催化劑,并鼓勵(lì)投資者走向代幣化。如果美國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì)的任務(wù)是保護(hù)投資者,那么可以說(shuō),它在上周的任務(wù)中失敗了。但這也可能是其發(fā)出的必要警示,促使各公司接受新技術(shù),直接向投資者出售股票,而不是像傳統(tǒng)證券那樣沾染官僚作風(fēng)并且拖拖拉拉。雖然讓此愿景成為現(xiàn)實(shí)不一定需要美國(guó)證監(jiān)會(huì)的批準(zhǔn),但它的批準(zhǔn)的確可以加快這一進(jìn)程。

最重要的是,我們離這個(gè)夢(mèng)想并不遙遠(yuǎn)。因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)技術(shù)已經(jīng)存在。新加坡和德國(guó)等國(guó)已經(jīng)先于美國(guó),為證券代幣化開(kāi)了綠燈。我始終堅(jiān)信,到2040年,所有證券都將轉(zhuǎn)向區(qū)塊鏈——近期發(fā)生的事件讓這一不可避免的轉(zhuǎn)變更快地到來(lái)。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

格雷姆?摩爾是Polymath代幣化負(fù)責(zé)人。

翻譯:郝秀

審校:汪皓

The current process for trading stocks is archaic. While other industries have grown into the Internet age with updated technology and processes, Wall Street is still operating on underlying technology that was built in the ’70s. Trading as it currently stands requires a third-party broker to facilitate transactions, leaving brokerages in control of buying and selling—instead of the people who actually own the stocks.

This has worked in the past, yes. But when you have a situation like the recent GameStop (GME) snafu, it doesn’t—and when social media gets involved, this will likely keep happening unless a change is made. I won’t rehash the details of the events involving GME in the past few days, but the takeaway is simple. GameStop didn’t want trading to stop. Its investors didn’t want to stop trading. It was Robinhood that stopped the trading.

We’re all tired of hearing the word “unprecedented,” but that’s the best way to describe what’s happening here. Allowing a brokerage to have control over how and when a stock is traded is, simply put, insane. And by limiting transactions to sell-only, that same third-party brokerage dictated the direction of the stock price.

The fact is, this is one of the only times in history that a brokerage has taken it upon itself to only allow investors to sell and not buy, and certainly the only time where a brokerage took it upon itself to forcefully sell client spot positions in self-directed accounts.

Lawsuits have already started to be levied against Robinhood, and I expect more will follow for other brokerages that didn’t allow their clients to trade GME. While these won’t change the outcome of the past week, the situation should be the impetus to finally push for a technology overhaul that will put investors in direct control of their assets, rather than brokerages.

Blockchain is a digital-age solution with the power to truly transform and modernize the industry. The only way to currently own publicly traded stocks is to buy them on a location-based exchange and access them via a brokerage firm. If securities were tokenized, investors could store them in their own possession and would always be able to trade them on any centralized or decentralized exchange. That way, they wouldn’t have to rely on permission from the Robinhoods and TD Ameritrades of the world to access their own money and assets.

(My company, Polymath, provides technology for companies to create, issue, and manage securities on the blockchain, and therefore could financially benefit if more organizations tokenize their securities.)

In a security token world, if an app like Robinhood doesn’t want to play ball and restricts trading like it did with GME, investors would still have the option to trade outside a brokerage or with any brokerage that meets their needs by instantaneously taking their business, and assets, elsewhere. Security tokens can both protect investors and solve the antiquation problem, opening up trading to anyone that meets compliance requirements—at any time. The stock market doesn’t need to be limited to a small number of exchanges located in specific countries; it can be a globalized system built on decentralized technology.

It’s a radical idea, but I’m not the only one that sees this as the only real solution to the problems plaguing the trading industry. Take angel investor and former Coinbase CTO Balaji Srinivasan. On Twitter last week, he called on the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to embrace security tokens, claiming that “the problem isn’t that some cryptos may be securities, the problem is that all securities aren’t yet cryptos.” He’s right to say this—legitimizing security tokens would make investors less wary of using them, which will shift the balance of power back to the investors themselves, rather than monolithic, centralized gatekeepers.

The SEC needs to see recent events as a catalyst and start encouraging investors to go down the path of tokenization. If the agency’s mandate is indeed to protect investors, it failed last week. But this can be its needed wake-up call to start pushing companies to embrace technology that will let them sell directly to investors without the bureaucracy and lag time that comes with legacy securities. While an SEC endorsement isn’t a necessity to make this future a reality, it would speed along the process.

The best part is that this isn’t a far-off dream for the future. The technology already exists. Countries like Singapore and Germany are already ahead of the U.S. by green-lighting the tokenization of securities. I’ve long believed that all securities will move to the blockchain by 2040—recent events have just accelerated the inevitable shift.

Graeme Moore is head of tokenization at Polymath.

財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)所刊載內(nèi)容之知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)為財(cái)富媒體知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)有限公司及/或相關(guān)權(quán)利人專屬所有或持有。未經(jīng)許可,禁止進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)載、摘編、復(fù)制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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