佐治亞州有兩個(gè)參議院席位將于明年1月5日決選,其結(jié)果將決定美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)的權(quán)力架構(gòu)與參議院的控制權(quán)。
如果民主黨能夠拿下這兩個(gè)席位,那么兩黨在參議院的席位數(shù)量便會(huì)呈現(xiàn)“50:50”對(duì)半開(kāi)的狀態(tài),屆時(shí)當(dāng)選副總統(tǒng)哈里斯便可依據(jù)憲法投出打破僵局的關(guān)鍵一票,等于參議院掌控在了民主黨人手中。而如果共和黨能夠獲得一個(gè)席位,那么他們將繼續(xù)保持對(duì)參議院的控制。由于民主黨仍然控制著眾議院,美國(guó)仍將維持一個(gè)分裂的國(guó)會(huì)。
而且,刺激計(jì)劃不太可能在跛腳鴨國(guó)會(huì)會(huì)議(lame-duck session)期間通過(guò),所以明年參議院的控制權(quán)將成為決定下一輪經(jīng)濟(jì)援助計(jì)劃規(guī)模與范圍的關(guān)鍵因素。
佐治亞州決選關(guān)系著多大的利益呢?答案是:大約1萬(wàn)億美元。上周六,高盛發(fā)布報(bào)告稱(chēng),如果民主黨贏得佐治亞州的兩個(gè)席位,那么到2月份,政府將會(huì)推出規(guī)模2萬(wàn)億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助計(jì)劃。但如果共和黨在佐治亞州能夠保住一個(gè)席位,并保持對(duì)參議院的控制,那么經(jīng)濟(jì)援助計(jì)劃的規(guī)模將會(huì)縮減至7000億至1萬(wàn)億美元。
今年5月份,民主黨人控制下的眾議院通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)規(guī)模達(dá)3萬(wàn)億美元的“英雄法案”,但最終折戟參議院。在與白宮的談判中,眾議院議長(zhǎng)南希·佩洛西和參議院少數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖查克·舒默提出將援助方案的規(guī)模從3萬(wàn)億美元下調(diào)至2.2萬(wàn)億美元,與此同時(shí),特朗普政府則將其提出的援助方案規(guī)模從不足1萬(wàn)億美元上調(diào)至1.9萬(wàn)億美元。然而,雙方最終未能在大選前達(dá)成協(xié)議,特朗普總統(tǒng)也在這場(chǎng)選舉中黯然下臺(tái)。
但如果佐治亞州的兩個(gè)席位都被民主黨收入囊中,那么民主黨人將在當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)喬拜登就職后通過(guò)一項(xiàng)規(guī)模達(dá)數(shù)萬(wàn)億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助計(jì)劃。在這種情況下,民主黨人甚至可以通過(guò)參議院的“預(yù)算調(diào)整”程序撤銷(xiāo)自己2.2萬(wàn)億美元的提議,轉(zhuǎn)而推出更接近于原版3萬(wàn)億美元計(jì)劃的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助方案。由于參議院掌握在自己手中,民主黨人可以以簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)通過(guò)自己的刺激法案,不需要爭(zhēng)取任何共和黨參議員的支持。
加拿大皇家銀行資本市場(chǎng)首席美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家湯姆·波切利近期在接受《財(cái)富》采訪(fǎng)時(shí)表示,“如果民主黨能夠同時(shí)拿下佐治亞州的兩個(gè)席位,那么我認(rèn)為,問(wèn)題就不僅僅是此次會(huì)推出多大規(guī)模的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激法案了,而是未來(lái)還會(huì)推出多少個(gè)大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激法案。所以1月5日的選舉結(jié)果可謂關(guān)系重大?!?/p>
另一方面,如果共和黨能在佐治亞州保住一個(gè)席位,那么經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的規(guī)??赡軐⒋蠓s減。大選結(jié)束后,由于米奇·麥康奈爾將繼續(xù)擔(dān)任參議院的多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖,并在經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激方案談判中代表共和黨拍板,白宮1.9萬(wàn)億美元的提案實(shí)際上已經(jīng)夭折。在麥康奈爾的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,在財(cái)政上持保守態(tài)度的參議院共和黨人更傾向于推出規(guī)模較小的刺激方案。今年秋天,參議院共和黨人兩度提出5000億美元的“瘦身版”刺激方案,但由于該法案不包括每人1200美元的第二輪救助金,因而遭到了參議院民主黨人的否決。
眾議院議長(zhǎng)佩洛西堅(jiān)稱(chēng)這種方案是“不可能成功的”,但如果參議院繼續(xù)掌控在共和黨人手中,那么為使經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃得到通過(guò),民主黨可能會(huì)被迫縮減刺激計(jì)劃的規(guī)模。
此外,如果共和黨人繼續(xù)控制參議院,他們可能不會(huì)迅速采取行動(dòng)。AllianceBernstein的高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家埃里克·維諾格拉德認(rèn)為,“參議院共和黨人在選戰(zhàn)期間尚不急于通過(guò)刺激法案,在政權(quán)移交給民主黨后就更不可能了?!?/p>
由于牽涉重大,本次參議院決選或?qū)⒊蔀槭飞稀白畎嘿F”的一場(chǎng)選戰(zhàn):當(dāng)前,佐治亞州預(yù)定出去的政治廣告金額已經(jīng)超過(guò)1.26億美元。
戰(zhàn)況膠著
佐治亞州的兩場(chǎng)決選中,有一場(chǎng)是民主黨人喬恩·奧索夫?qū)﹃嚞F(xiàn)任參議員、共和黨人戴維·珀杜。在11月的大選中,珀杜以49.7%對(duì)47.9%的得票率擊敗了奧索夫。但由于珀杜的得票率并未達(dá)到勝選所需的50%門(mén)檻,所以本場(chǎng)選舉進(jìn)入了決選階段。
與此同時(shí),另一場(chǎng)決選將在民主黨人拉斐爾·沃諾克與共和黨人凱利·洛弗勒之間展開(kāi)。2019年12月,經(jīng)佐治亞州的共和黨籍州長(zhǎng)布賴(lài)恩·坎普任命,洛弗勒獲得了參議院席位。在有十多位候選人參加的11月的選舉中,沃諾克獲得了32.9%的得票率,高于洛弗勒的25.9%。其余三分之一的選票則流向了其他沒(méi)有資格參與決選的候選人。
早前民調(diào)顯示,本次決選將成為一場(chǎng)勢(shì)均力敵的競(jìng)爭(zhēng):11月8號(hào)到9號(hào),雷明頓對(duì)1450名可能是佐治亞州選民的受訪(fǎng)者進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查,結(jié)果顯示,珀杜以50%對(duì)46%的支持率領(lǐng)先于奧索夫。同一民調(diào)顯示,洛弗勒的支持率為49%,沃諾克的支持率則為48%。該項(xiàng)民調(diào)的誤差為2.6%。與此同時(shí),InsiderAdvantage/Fox 5在11月16號(hào)對(duì)800名可能是佐治亞州選民的受訪(fǎng)者進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,結(jié)果顯示,珀杜和奧索夫的支持率不相上下,分別為49%和48%,沃諾克則以49%對(duì)48%的支持率領(lǐng)先于洛弗勒。兩場(chǎng)決選的民調(diào)誤差都在3.5%的范圍之內(nèi)。
對(duì)于共和黨人至少拿下佐治亞州一個(gè)參議院席位、保住參議院控制權(quán),押注網(wǎng)站Predictit給出了3比1的賠率。但兩黨人士都認(rèn)為這將是一場(chǎng)勢(shì)均力敵的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。事實(shí)也確實(shí)如此,在十一月的大選中,佐治亞州的選舉結(jié)果可謂扣人心弦:最終,拜登在“桃子州”僅以49.5%對(duì)49.3%、也就是12670張選票的微弱優(yōu)勢(shì)險(xiǎn)勝特朗普。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
佐治亞州有兩個(gè)參議院席位將于明年1月5日決選,其結(jié)果將決定美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)的權(quán)力架構(gòu)與參議院的控制權(quán)。
如果民主黨能夠拿下這兩個(gè)席位,那么兩黨在參議院的席位數(shù)量便會(huì)呈現(xiàn)“50:50”對(duì)半開(kāi)的狀態(tài),屆時(shí)當(dāng)選副總統(tǒng)哈里斯便可依據(jù)憲法投出打破僵局的關(guān)鍵一票,等于參議院掌控在了民主黨人手中。而如果共和黨能夠獲得一個(gè)席位,那么他們將繼續(xù)保持對(duì)參議院的控制。由于民主黨仍然控制著眾議院,美國(guó)仍將維持一個(gè)分裂的國(guó)會(huì)。
而且,刺激計(jì)劃不太可能在跛腳鴨國(guó)會(huì)會(huì)議(lame-duck session)期間通過(guò),所以明年參議院的控制權(quán)將成為決定下一輪經(jīng)濟(jì)援助計(jì)劃規(guī)模與范圍的關(guān)鍵因素。
佐治亞州決選關(guān)系著多大的利益呢?答案是:大約1萬(wàn)億美元。上周六,高盛發(fā)布報(bào)告稱(chēng),如果民主黨贏得佐治亞州的兩個(gè)席位,那么到2月份,政府將會(huì)推出規(guī)模2萬(wàn)億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助計(jì)劃。但如果共和黨在佐治亞州能夠保住一個(gè)席位,并保持對(duì)參議院的控制,那么經(jīng)濟(jì)援助計(jì)劃的規(guī)模將會(huì)縮減至7000億至1萬(wàn)億美元。
今年5月份,民主黨人控制下的眾議院通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)規(guī)模達(dá)3萬(wàn)億美元的“英雄法案”,但最終折戟參議院。在與白宮的談判中,眾議院議長(zhǎng)南希·佩洛西和參議院少數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖查克·舒默提出將援助方案的規(guī)模從3萬(wàn)億美元下調(diào)至2.2萬(wàn)億美元,與此同時(shí),特朗普政府則將其提出的援助方案規(guī)模從不足1萬(wàn)億美元上調(diào)至1.9萬(wàn)億美元。然而,雙方最終未能在大選前達(dá)成協(xié)議,特朗普總統(tǒng)也在這場(chǎng)選舉中黯然下臺(tái)。
但如果佐治亞州的兩個(gè)席位都被民主黨收入囊中,那么民主黨人將在當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)喬拜登就職后通過(guò)一項(xiàng)規(guī)模達(dá)數(shù)萬(wàn)億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助計(jì)劃。在這種情況下,民主黨人甚至可以通過(guò)參議院的“預(yù)算調(diào)整”程序撤銷(xiāo)自己2.2萬(wàn)億美元的提議,轉(zhuǎn)而推出更接近于原版3萬(wàn)億美元計(jì)劃的經(jīng)濟(jì)援助方案。由于參議院掌握在自己手中,民主黨人可以以簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)通過(guò)自己的刺激法案,不需要爭(zhēng)取任何共和黨參議員的支持。
加拿大皇家銀行資本市場(chǎng)首席美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家湯姆·波切利近期在接受《財(cái)富》采訪(fǎng)時(shí)表示,“如果民主黨能夠同時(shí)拿下佐治亞州的兩個(gè)席位,那么我認(rèn)為,問(wèn)題就不僅僅是此次會(huì)推出多大規(guī)模的經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激法案了,而是未來(lái)還會(huì)推出多少個(gè)大規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激法案。所以1月5日的選舉結(jié)果可謂關(guān)系重大?!?/p>
另一方面,如果共和黨能在佐治亞州保住一個(gè)席位,那么經(jīng)濟(jì)援助的規(guī)??赡軐⒋蠓s減。大選結(jié)束后,由于米奇·麥康奈爾將繼續(xù)擔(dān)任參議院的多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖,并在經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激方案談判中代表共和黨拍板,白宮1.9萬(wàn)億美元的提案實(shí)際上已經(jīng)夭折。在麥康奈爾的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,在財(cái)政上持保守態(tài)度的參議院共和黨人更傾向于推出規(guī)模較小的刺激方案。今年秋天,參議院共和黨人兩度提出5000億美元的“瘦身版”刺激方案,但由于該法案不包括每人1200美元的第二輪救助金,因而遭到了參議院民主黨人的否決。
眾議院議長(zhǎng)佩洛西堅(jiān)稱(chēng)這種方案是“不可能成功的”,但如果參議院繼續(xù)掌控在共和黨人手中,那么為使經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃得到通過(guò),民主黨可能會(huì)被迫縮減刺激計(jì)劃的規(guī)模。
此外,如果共和黨人繼續(xù)控制參議院,他們可能不會(huì)迅速采取行動(dòng)。AllianceBernstein的高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家埃里克·維諾格拉德認(rèn)為,“參議院共和黨人在選戰(zhàn)期間尚不急于通過(guò)刺激法案,在政權(quán)移交給民主黨后就更不可能了?!?/p>
由于牽涉重大,本次參議院決選或?qū)⒊蔀槭飞稀白畎嘿F”的一場(chǎng)選戰(zhàn):當(dāng)前,佐治亞州預(yù)定出去的政治廣告金額已經(jīng)超過(guò)1.26億美元。
戰(zhàn)況膠著
佐治亞州的兩場(chǎng)決選中,有一場(chǎng)是民主黨人喬恩·奧索夫?qū)﹃嚞F(xiàn)任參議員、共和黨人戴維·珀杜。在11月的大選中,珀杜以49.7%對(duì)47.9%的得票率擊敗了奧索夫。但由于珀杜的得票率并未達(dá)到勝選所需的50%門(mén)檻,所以本場(chǎng)選舉進(jìn)入了決選階段。
與此同時(shí),另一場(chǎng)決選將在民主黨人拉斐爾·沃諾克與共和黨人凱利·洛弗勒之間展開(kāi)。2019年12月,經(jīng)佐治亞州的共和黨籍州長(zhǎng)布賴(lài)恩·坎普任命,洛弗勒獲得了參議院席位。在有十多位候選人參加的11月的選舉中,沃諾克獲得了32.9%的得票率,高于洛弗勒的25.9%。其余三分之一的選票則流向了其他沒(méi)有資格參與決選的候選人。
早前民調(diào)顯示,本次決選將成為一場(chǎng)勢(shì)均力敵的競(jìng)爭(zhēng):11月8號(hào)到9號(hào),雷明頓對(duì)1450名可能是佐治亞州選民的受訪(fǎng)者進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查,結(jié)果顯示,珀杜以50%對(duì)46%的支持率領(lǐng)先于奧索夫。同一民調(diào)顯示,洛弗勒的支持率為49%,沃諾克的支持率則為48%。該項(xiàng)民調(diào)的誤差為2.6%。與此同時(shí),InsiderAdvantage/Fox 5在11月16號(hào)對(duì)800名可能是佐治亞州選民的受訪(fǎng)者進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,結(jié)果顯示,珀杜和奧索夫的支持率不相上下,分別為49%和48%,沃諾克則以49%對(duì)48%的支持率領(lǐng)先于洛弗勒。兩場(chǎng)決選的民調(diào)誤差都在3.5%的范圍之內(nèi)。
對(duì)于共和黨人至少拿下佐治亞州一個(gè)參議院席位、保住參議院控制權(quán),押注網(wǎng)站Predictit給出了3比1的賠率。但兩黨人士都認(rèn)為這將是一場(chǎng)勢(shì)均力敵的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。事實(shí)也確實(shí)如此,在十一月的大選中,佐治亞州的選舉結(jié)果可謂扣人心弦:最終,拜登在“桃子州”僅以49.5%對(duì)49.3%、也就是12670張選票的微弱優(yōu)勢(shì)險(xiǎn)勝特朗普。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
The power structure of Capitol Hill and control of the U.S. Senate will be decided by the outcome of two Senate seats heading for runoff elections in Georgia on January 5.
If Democrats take both Georgia seats, they'd have the power of the 50–50 spilt chamber through Vice President-elect Kamala Harris' tie-breaking vote. But if Republicans secure one seat, they'll maintain control of the Senate and Congress will remain spilt—given Democrats still have the U.S. House of Representatives.
And with stimulus unlikely to pass during the lame-duck session, control of the Senate next year is the key factor in determining the size and scope of the next economic aid package.
Just how high are the stakes? In the ballpark of $1 trillion. On Saturday, Goldman Sachs published a report that projects a $2 trillion economic aid package by February if Democrats win both Georgia seats. But if Republicans win one Georgia seat—and retain control of the Senate—Goldman Sachs projects an aid package between $700 billion to $1 trillion.
Back in May, House Democrats passed the $3 trillion HEROES Act, but the bill died in the Republican-controlled Senate. And during their negotiations with the White House, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer lowered their offer from $3 trillion to $2.2 trillion while the executive branch moved its offer up from under $1 trillion to $1.9 trillion. Yet the two sides failed to reach a deal before the election, which ousted President Trump.
But if Democrats win both Georgia seats, they'd be well positioned to pass a multi-trillion-dollar economic aid package following the inauguration of President-elect Joe Biden. In such a scenario, Democrats could even revoke their $2.2 trillion offer and do something closer to their original $3 trillion plan, by using a Senate procedure called budget reconciliation, Senate Democrats could pass a stimulus bill with a simple majority—thus not needing to win over a single Senate Republican vote.
"If both Georgia seats go Democrat, then I think the question then becomes not just how big is this bill, it’s how many additional big bills do we get?" Tom Porcelli, chief U.S. economist at RBC Capital Markets, recently told Fortune. "So much really relies on what’s going to happen on January 5."
On the other hand, if Republicans win one Georgia seat, it's likely there could be significantly less economic aid. After the election, the White House's $1.9 trillion offer effectively died as Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell took the reins for Republicans in the stimulus talks. Led by McConnell, fiscally-conservative Senate Republicans prefer a smaller stimulus package. On two occasions this fall, Senate Republicans put forward a $500 billion "skinny" package—which doesn't include items like a second round of $1,200 stimulus checks. Both times that package was blocked by Senate Democrats.
Pelosi still calls McConnell's limited package a "non-starter." But if Republicans retain the Senate, Democrats might be forced to scale back their stimulus ambitions in order to get a package passed.
And if Republicans do maintain control of the Senate, they might not act quickly. Eric Winograd, senior economist at AllianceBernstein, says he finds it “hard to believe that Republicans in the Senate who were not eager to pass a stimulus bill in the midst of an electoral campaign would be willing to do so in the early days of a Democratic administration.”
These high stakes could make the runoff Senate races among the priciest in history: Already, more than $126 million in political ads has been booked in Georgia.
A tight race
Among the two runoffs, one Georgia contest pits Democrat Jon Ossoff against incumbent Republican David Perdue. In the November general, Perdue bested Ossoff by 49.7% to 47.9%. However, Perdue was shy of the 50% needed to clinch the seat, so the race moved to a runoff.
Meanwhile, the other race will see Democrat Raphael Warnock up against Kelly Loeffler, who obtained the Senate seat through an appointment by Georgia Republican Gov. Brian Kemp in December 2019. The November contest, which included more than a dozen candidates, saw Warnock edge Loeffler 32.9% to 25.9%. The remaining one-third of the votes went to other candidates who did not qualify to advance to runoffs.
Early polling shows a tight race: Perdue leads Ossoff by 50% to 46% in a Remington poll of 1,450 likely Georgia voters between November 8 and 9. That same poll, which has a margin of error of 2.6 percentage points, puts Loeffler at 49% to Warnock's 48%. Meanwhile, an InsiderAdvantage/FOX 5 poll of 800 likely Georgia voters conducted on November 16 finds Perdue and Ossoff tied at 49%, and Warnock besting Loeffler by 49% to 48%. Both races are within InsiderAdvantage's margin of error of 3.5 percentage.
PredictIt gives Republicans 3-to-1 odds of claiming at least one of the Georgia Senate seat—and thus the Senate chamber. But party operatives on both sides see tight contests. Indeed, the November general election in Georgia was a nail-biter: Biden narrowly beat Trump in the Peach State by 49.5% to 49.3%, or just 12,670 votes.