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聯(lián)合國(guó)人權(quán)律師:日本對(duì)“汽車(chē)教父”戈恩的監(jiān)禁過(guò)于嚴(yán)苛

VIVIENNE WALT
2020-11-24

泰勒現(xiàn)在可能更加追悔莫及了

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距離雷諾日產(chǎn)前首席執(zhí)行官卡洛斯·戈恩藏在樂(lè)器盒中逃出日本,已經(jīng)過(guò)去了將近一整年。近日,一個(gè)聯(lián)合國(guó)律師小組向日本官方發(fā)出強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé),稱(chēng)他們無(wú)理拘禁戈恩,并將其置于近乎虐待的條件下進(jìn)行關(guān)押。

在做出這一裁決之前,由五名專(zhuān)家組成的工作組就任意拘留問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了數(shù)月的調(diào)查,以確定日本是否違反了其簽署的國(guó)際條約。

國(guó)際律師調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),在戈恩案中,日本官方在2018年和2019年對(duì)戈恩進(jìn)行了前后四次逮捕,指控其在近10年中少報(bào)了約8800萬(wàn)美元的收入,并將約1600萬(wàn)美元的公司資金用于私人開(kāi)銷(xiāo)。律師們表示,即使以侵犯人權(quán)為代價(jià),日本政府也似乎愿意證實(shí)這些指控。

這份長(zhǎng)達(dá)17頁(yè)的調(diào)查報(bào)告稱(chēng),“戈恩在惡劣條件下被長(zhǎng)期無(wú)理拘留”,日本政府“嚴(yán)重?fù)p害”了戈恩為其辯護(hù)的權(quán)利,并且其幾乎沒(méi)有享受到日本在國(guó)際條約中簽署的無(wú)罪推定原則。

在戈恩受困法律、出走日本的大戲中,調(diào)查小組的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯得有些微不足道。畢竟,在日本政府的眼皮子底下逃出生天,這件事本身就足夠奇幻,無(wú)法逾越。2019年12月戈恩的那場(chǎng)逃亡之前,日本政府還在自我標(biāo)榜,把逮捕全球知名“汽車(chē)教父”吹成所謂的“合法政變”。

但是,戈恩的一名律師對(duì)《財(cái)富》表示,在戈恩缺席的情況下,專(zhuān)家的調(diào)查結(jié)果對(duì)官司的最終輸贏或?qū)⒅陵P(guān)重要。通過(guò)證明戈恩在獄中被迫認(rèn)罪這一點(diǎn),律師小組實(shí)際上對(duì)整個(gè)案子提出了質(zhì)疑。

“這勢(shì)必會(huì)削弱基于日本投資或程序的所有指控,因?yàn)槠洳环蠂?guó)際條約和人權(quán)決議。”戈恩在巴黎的律師弗朗索瓦·齊默雷向《財(cái)富》表示,“強(qiáng)迫自證其罪,加上其他違規(guī)行為,(日本政府的做法)損害了程序的正確性。”

在貝魯特流亡

藏在箱子中,在東京搭上私人飛機(jī),飛往黎巴嫩貝魯特,戈恩的流亡路途可謂“奢華”。之后,他一直住在黎巴嫩首都的豪宅里。此外,他還擁有巴西、法國(guó)和黎巴嫩三國(guó)的公民身份。相比之下,與戈恩一起被捕的日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)高管凱利就沒(méi)那么幸運(yùn)了:因其被控在過(guò)去幾年中隱瞞戈恩的收入,凱利目前正在東京接受審判。如果罪名成立,凱利或?qū)⒚媾R最高15年的監(jiān)禁。

齊默雷并沒(méi)有參與凱利的案子。他說(shuō),11月23日律師小組發(fā)布的報(bào)告給戈恩帶來(lái)了深深的寬慰。戈恩感到,日本法律體系帶給他的“噩夢(mèng)”終于得到了肯定。“沒(méi)有比這更高或更有說(shuō)服力的認(rèn)可了,”其在談到這份報(bào)告時(shí)表示,“報(bào)告的結(jié)構(gòu)合法合理,像是判決書(shū)內(nèi)容一樣論證嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。”來(lái)自澳大利亞、拉脫維亞、韓國(guó)和贊比亞的律師們建議日本就四次無(wú)理拘禁對(duì)66歲的戈恩給予賠償。

作為回應(yīng),11月23日,日本外務(wù)省在一份聲明中表示,該報(bào)告“基于局限的信息和有失偏頗的指控”,并稱(chēng)報(bào)告中的觀點(diǎn)“完全不可接受,且不具有法律約束力”。

事實(shí)上,該律師小組沒(méi)有司法權(quán),其只能對(duì)國(guó)家是否違反國(guó)際規(guī)則進(jìn)行道德檢查。但即便如此,齊默雷還是希望這份報(bào)告能說(shuō)服日本,減緩其咄咄逼人的起訴行為。在日本,大約99%的審判最終被定罪。“但日本對(duì)聯(lián)合國(guó)相當(dāng)敏感,(聯(lián)合國(guó)小組的報(bào)告)肯定會(huì)對(duì)其產(chǎn)生影響。”齊默雷說(shuō)。

這對(duì)邁克爾·泰勒和他的兒子彼得來(lái)說(shuō)也是個(gè)好消息。他們?cè)谌毡颈恢缚貐f(xié)助策劃戈恩從日本出逃。自5月以來(lái),這對(duì)父子一直被關(guān)押在波士頓附近的縣監(jiān)獄,等待被引渡到日本。

泰勒曾是美國(guó)陸軍特種部隊(duì)出身的私人安保服務(wù)供應(yīng)商,他受雇于一位黎巴嫩聯(lián)絡(luò)人,負(fù)責(zé)將戈恩帶出日本。向他的兒子彼得尋求幫助后,他們一起設(shè)計(jì)了將戈恩從日本當(dāng)局控制下出逃的方案。

泰勒父子并未否認(rèn)其在戈恩出逃事件中的角色,但他們表示,根據(jù)日本法律,協(xié)助戈恩出逃并不構(gòu)成犯罪——因?yàn)楦甓鳟?dāng)時(shí)正處保釋階段。

“這件事只有一個(gè)好處,那就是我救了一個(gè)人的命。”上周,獄中的邁克爾·泰勒告訴《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》,“我希望我從未牽連此事。”

國(guó)際律師們?cè)?1月23日的報(bào)告中概述了日本嚴(yán)厲的法律體系——泰勒現(xiàn)在可能更加追悔莫及了。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

編譯:楊二一

距離雷諾日產(chǎn)前首席執(zhí)行官卡洛斯·戈恩藏在樂(lè)器盒中逃出日本,已經(jīng)過(guò)去了將近一整年。近日,一個(gè)聯(lián)合國(guó)律師小組向日本官方發(fā)出強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé),稱(chēng)他們無(wú)理拘禁戈恩,并將其置于近乎虐待的條件下進(jìn)行關(guān)押。

在做出這一裁決之前,由五名專(zhuān)家組成的工作組就任意拘留問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了數(shù)月的調(diào)查,以確定日本是否違反了其簽署的國(guó)際條約。

國(guó)際律師調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),在戈恩案中,日本官方在2018年和2019年對(duì)戈恩進(jìn)行了前后四次逮捕,指控其在近10年中少報(bào)了約8800萬(wàn)美元的收入,并將約1600萬(wàn)美元的公司資金用于私人開(kāi)銷(xiāo)。律師們表示,即使以侵犯人權(quán)為代價(jià),日本政府也似乎愿意證實(shí)這些指控。

這份長(zhǎng)達(dá)17頁(yè)的調(diào)查報(bào)告稱(chēng),“戈恩在惡劣條件下被長(zhǎng)期無(wú)理拘留”,日本政府“嚴(yán)重?fù)p害”了戈恩為其辯護(hù)的權(quán)利,并且其幾乎沒(méi)有享受到日本在國(guó)際條約中簽署的無(wú)罪推定原則。

在戈恩受困法律、出走日本的大戲中,調(diào)查小組的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯得有些微不足道。畢竟,在日本政府的眼皮子底下逃出生天,這件事本身就足夠奇幻,無(wú)法逾越。2019年12月戈恩的那場(chǎng)逃亡之前,日本政府還在自我標(biāo)榜,把逮捕全球知名“汽車(chē)教父”吹成所謂的“合法政變”。

但是,戈恩的一名律師對(duì)《財(cái)富》表示,在戈恩缺席的情況下,專(zhuān)家的調(diào)查結(jié)果對(duì)官司的最終輸贏或?qū)⒅陵P(guān)重要。通過(guò)證明戈恩在獄中被迫認(rèn)罪這一點(diǎn),律師小組實(shí)際上對(duì)整個(gè)案子提出了質(zhì)疑。

“這勢(shì)必會(huì)削弱基于日本投資或程序的所有指控,因?yàn)槠洳环蠂?guó)際條約和人權(quán)決議。”戈恩在巴黎的律師弗朗索瓦·齊默雷向《財(cái)富》表示,“強(qiáng)迫自證其罪,加上其他違規(guī)行為,(日本政府的做法)損害了程序的正確性。”

在貝魯特流亡

藏在箱子中,在東京搭上私人飛機(jī),飛往黎巴嫩貝魯特,戈恩的流亡路途可謂“奢華”。之后,他一直住在黎巴嫩首都的豪宅里。此外,他還擁有巴西、法國(guó)和黎巴嫩三國(guó)的公民身份。相比之下,與戈恩一起被捕的日產(chǎn)汽車(chē)高管凱利就沒(méi)那么幸運(yùn)了:因其被控在過(guò)去幾年中隱瞞戈恩的收入,凱利目前正在東京接受審判。如果罪名成立,凱利或?qū)⒚媾R最高15年的監(jiān)禁。

齊默雷并沒(méi)有參與凱利的案子。他說(shuō),11月23日律師小組發(fā)布的報(bào)告給戈恩帶來(lái)了深深的寬慰。戈恩感到,日本法律體系帶給他的“噩夢(mèng)”終于得到了肯定。“沒(méi)有比這更高或更有說(shuō)服力的認(rèn)可了,”其在談到這份報(bào)告時(shí)表示,“報(bào)告的結(jié)構(gòu)合法合理,像是判決書(shū)內(nèi)容一樣論證嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。”來(lái)自澳大利亞、拉脫維亞、韓國(guó)和贊比亞的律師們建議日本就四次無(wú)理拘禁對(duì)66歲的戈恩給予賠償。

作為回應(yīng),11月23日,日本外務(wù)省在一份聲明中表示,該報(bào)告“基于局限的信息和有失偏頗的指控”,并稱(chēng)報(bào)告中的觀點(diǎn)“完全不可接受,且不具有法律約束力”。

事實(shí)上,該律師小組沒(méi)有司法權(quán),其只能對(duì)國(guó)家是否違反國(guó)際規(guī)則進(jìn)行道德檢查。但即便如此,齊默雷還是希望這份報(bào)告能說(shuō)服日本,減緩其咄咄逼人的起訴行為。在日本,大約99%的審判最終被定罪。“但日本對(duì)聯(lián)合國(guó)相當(dāng)敏感,(聯(lián)合國(guó)小組的報(bào)告)肯定會(huì)對(duì)其產(chǎn)生影響。”齊默雷說(shuō)。

這對(duì)邁克爾·泰勒和他的兒子彼得來(lái)說(shuō)也是個(gè)好消息。他們?cè)谌毡颈恢缚貐f(xié)助策劃戈恩從日本出逃。自5月以來(lái),這對(duì)父子一直被關(guān)押在波士頓附近的縣監(jiān)獄,等待被引渡到日本。

泰勒曾是美國(guó)陸軍特種部隊(duì)出身的私人安保服務(wù)供應(yīng)商,他受雇于一位黎巴嫩聯(lián)絡(luò)人,負(fù)責(zé)將戈恩帶出日本。向他的兒子彼得尋求幫助后,他們一起設(shè)計(jì)了將戈恩從日本當(dāng)局控制下出逃的方案。

泰勒父子并未否認(rèn)其在戈恩出逃事件中的角色,但他們表示,根據(jù)日本法律,協(xié)助戈恩出逃并不構(gòu)成犯罪——因?yàn)楦甓鳟?dāng)時(shí)正處保釋階段。

“這件事只有一個(gè)好處,那就是我救了一個(gè)人的命。”上周,獄中的邁克爾·泰勒告訴《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》,“我希望我從未牽連此事。”

國(guó)際律師們?cè)?1月23日的報(bào)告中概述了日本嚴(yán)厲的法律體系——泰勒現(xiàn)在可能更加追悔莫及了。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

編譯:楊二一

Nearly a year after former Renault-Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn made his stunning escape from Japan, smuggled in a musical-instrument box, a panel of lawyers working under the ambit of the United Nations issued a strong rebuke of Japanese officials, saying that they had arrested Ghosn arbitrarily and held him under abusive conditions.

The ruling came after months of investigation by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, a group of five experts which tries to determine whether U.N. members have violated international treaties they have signed.

In Ghosn’s case, the lawyers found, Japan most certainly did when they arrested Ghosn four times during 2018 and 2019, accusing him of underreporting about $88 million in earnings over nearly a decade, and using about $16 million in company funds for private spending—charges that Japan seemed willing to prove, even at the cost of violating human rights, according to the international lawyers.

“Mr Ghosn was subjected to unjustifiably prolonged detention in harsh conditions,” the 17-page finding says, adding that Japanese officials “gravely compromised” Ghosn’s right not to incriminate himself, and that he enjoyed little presumption of innocence—principles to which Japan has signed on in international treaties.

In the long-running drama around Ghosn’s legal woes, the panel’s findings seem almost small. After all, it is hard to top Ghosn’s escape in December 2019, under the noses of Japanese officials who had touted their arrest of a world-renowned auto executive as a major legal coup.

Yet one of Ghosn’s lawyers told Fortune on Monday that the experts’ findings could be crucial in ultimately winning his case, which continues in Ghosn’s absence. By showing that Ghosn had been forced to incriminate himself while in jail, the panel of lawyers were in effect throwing the government’s entire case in doubt.

“It will definitely weaken all the parts of the accusation based on the Japanese investments or procedures, because it does not comply with international treaties and human rights decisions,” Fran?ois Zimeray, Ghosn’s lawyer in Paris, told Fortune. “Forced self-incrimination, plus other violates, effects the validity of the procedures.”

Exiled in Beirut

Hidden in a box, Ghosn was loaded on to private jet in Tokyo and spirited to luxurious exile in Beirut, where he has since holed up in his large mansion in the Lebanese capital; he has Brazilian, French and Lebanese citizenships. Less fortunate by far was Nissan executive Greg Kelly, arrested with Ghosn, who is now on trial in Tokyo, charged with concealing Ghosn’s earnings over several years. If convicted, Kelly could face up to 15 years in prison.

Zimeray—who is not involved in Kelly’s case—says the panel’s report on Monday brought deep relief to Ghosn, who felt a sense of validation about his “nightmare” at the hands of Japan’s legal system. “One could not find higher or more eloquent recognition,” he says of the report. “it is structured legally, and argued as it would have been in a judgment.” The lawyers, from Australia, Latvia, South Korea and Zambia, recommended that Japan compensate Ghosn, 66, for having been arrested four times.

Japan’s Foreign Ministry said in a statement on Monday that the report was “based on limited information and biased allegations,” and that “the opinion is totally unacceptable, and is not legally binding.”

Indeed, the panel has no judicial power. It exists simply as a form of moral check on whether countries are violating international rules. But even so, Zimeray is hoping that the report might persuade Japan to ease off its aggressive prosecution of cases; about 99% of trials in Japan end in convictions. “The Japanese are quite sensitive to the U.N., and this could definitely have an impact on the country,” Zimeray says.

That would be welcome news for Michael Taylor and his son Peter, who have languished in a county jail near Boston since May, awaiting their extradition to Japan where they are indicted for helping to mastermind Ghosn’s epic flight from Japan.

The older Taylor, a former Green Beret-turned private-security businessman, was hired by a Lebanese contact to get Ghosn out of Japan. He tapped his son Peter for help, and together they devised how to extract the multimillionaire from the grip of Japanese authorities.

The Taylors have not denied their roles in the extraordinary escape, whose details read like a Hollywood thriller. But they say it was not a crime under Japanese law to help Ghosn, since he was out on bail at the time.

“There is only one positive to this, which is that I helped save a man’s life,” Michael Taylor told the Wall Street Journal last week, from jail. “I wish I was never involved.”

With Japan's tough legal system outlined in Monday's report by the international lawyers, Taylor's wish could now be a lot stronger.

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