新冠疫情還在繼續,美國的經濟也仍然遭受著重創。喬·拜登任職美國總統后,將如何促進經濟振興?他的戰略幾乎可以用一句四字箴言來概括——“美國制造”。
但仔細研究他的愿景就會發現,在疫情時代下,拜登用以復蘇經濟的實際措施將由另外三個關鍵詞來定義:投資、供給和援助。
拜登已經通過明確的政策提議表明,想要擺脫美國經濟目前面臨的艱難處境,并走向復興,需要重點關注本國經濟的真正優勢之一:創新。
拜登的經濟復興計劃顯示了對研發活動加大投資的強烈愿望,想要以此來刺激對國內商品和服務的需求,同時創造更高質量的就業機會。
他還提議,要對創新企業提供稅收減免等激勵措施,并大致規劃了如何提供良好的經濟運行環境、支持美國企業的活動,以便他們既能夠在本國開展業務,也可以應對離岸外包的情形。
輝瑞/BioNTech和Moderna的疫苗研發都取得了喜人的成果,市場反彈,趨勢向好——但這并不意味著經濟將迎來真正的可持續發展。拜登的“經濟復蘇”是一項長期、持續的計劃,旨在充分利用美國的創新力量,進一步增強其工業和科技能力。
拜登將現在的局面與第二次世界大戰期間,美國經濟迸發出的彈力相提并論——很明顯,這說明他認識到了美國的中小企業(尤其是制造業)將在經濟復蘇中扮演重要的角色。
抗疫將是拜登政府的首要工作,但在應對疫情對經濟產生的負面影響時,這些促進增長的策略也必將發揮作用。
首先,拜登提議通過聯邦采購的方式,對美國工人生產的產品進行一筆4000億美元的投資。拜登希望通過這項投資來刺激小企業的需求,并促進就業增長——這在許多方面折射出2009年《經濟復蘇法案》(Recovery Act)的影子,這項投資計劃中包括購買價值數十億美元的清潔車輛和產品,以及鋼鐵、水泥等原材料和其他設備等。
這項投資計劃還承諾,政府將付費購買“先進技術”——這也表明,拜登政府對以人工智能、機器學習和電信通訊為中心的數字革命充滿信心。
此外,拜登還支持聯邦政府為研發活動直接提供資金。他提議在他的第一屆任期內投資3000億美元,用于推進5G和人工智能等關鍵的“新產業和技術”。
該提議的細節尚未完全披露,拜登的團隊還另外提出了支持設立“信用透支”(credit facility)的主張,向中小型制造企業注入資金,助其實現現代化,增強競爭力。
這些支持措施的目的是確保美國能夠推出新產品,保障美國仍然作為創新圣地,讓下一個蘋果、IBM、微軟、SpaceX在這里誕生并蓬勃發展。
在拜登倡導的稅收改革計劃下,相應的減稅和就業法案在短時間內還不太可能出現,但政府很可能會充分利用稅收工具,讓美國企業發揮杠桿作用,以增強經濟活力。
具體來說,拜登團隊稱他們將“特別關注美國制造業的支柱,即全美數以千計的中小型制造商”。
為了鼓勵增長和創新,拜登提議對投資于“關閉或快要關閉的設施、改造或擴充設施,以及將生產或服務產業帶回美國”的公司實行10%的稅收抵免。
稅收抵免之外,拜登還提議對從事海外制造業務的公司征收10%的附加稅,或將意味著相關企業所得稅稅率將提高至30.8%。這個信號很明確——對他來說,在國內實施創新是第一要務。
不過,拜登也已經暗示,這類激勵措施不會只適用于某個特定行業。這位當選總統相信,提振所有美國中小企業的創新能力將是疫情經濟救災工作的核心。
拜登的上述稅收激勵及處罰措施似乎是朝著創造良好創新環境邁出的強有力的第一步,但邁出第一步之后,還有許多事情要做。拜登團隊提議加強公私合作,甚至在勞動力發展項目上投資500億美元——這很有必要,因為獲得技術型勞動力在美國一直是一個難解之題。
創新支持系統的構建還將確保勞動力跟上新技術的快速發展。拜登似乎也理解這一點。
正如拜登個人平臺所寫:“作為總統,拜登將確保接受聯邦資金的雇主提前通知所有受影響的雇員,告知他們工作場所的技術變革和自動化升級,讓其雇員在新工作崗位上排在前列,并為雇員提供有償技能培訓,以便他們可以在新工作崗位上如魚得水。”
但對民主黨人來說,對參議院的控制不力又將成為下一個讓人擔心的點。為了讓這些提議成為現實,拜登必須信守諾言,利用他曾經作為兩黨斡旋“端水”大師的優勢。
首先,拜登應該著眼于已經從兩黨合作中受益的現有激勵措施。研發稅收抵免一直以來都是美國中小企業的福利,在兩黨看來也是刺激經濟復蘇的可行工具。
實際上,包括民主黨參議員克里斯·庫恩斯提議在內的幾項兩黨立法,都是由共和黨人通過的。眾議院少數黨領袖凱文·麥卡錫(加州共和黨)和凱文·布雷迪(德克薩斯州共和黨)最近的一篇專欄文章甚至表示支持將信貸額度加倍以促進更大的創新。
2008年金融危機爆發后,時任美國總統貝拉克·奧巴馬受到了批評,人們認為他在推動經濟強勁復蘇方面舉措不力——盡管他的政策已經足以緩解危機。拜登應該盡力避免類似批評的出現,將重點放在可持續經濟增長上。
無論振興美國經濟的方式幾何,創新都必將發揮核心作用。(財富中文網)
本文作者喬·克勞利是華盛頓Squire Patton Boggs的高級政策顧問、alliantgroup戰略咨詢委員會成員。1998年,克勞利代表紐約皇后區和布朗克斯區的部分地區首次當選國會議員。在國會期間,克勞利擔任眾議院民主黨核心會議主席和眾議院籌款委員會成員。
編譯:陳聰聰、楊二一
新冠疫情還在繼續,美國的經濟也仍然遭受著重創。喬·拜登任職美國總統后,將如何促進經濟振興?他的戰略幾乎可以用一句四字箴言來概括——“美國制造”。
但仔細研究他的愿景就會發現,在疫情時代下,拜登用以復蘇經濟的實際措施將由另外三個關鍵詞來定義:投資、供給和援助。
拜登已經通過明確的政策提議表明,想要擺脫美國經濟目前面臨的艱難處境,并走向復興,需要重點關注本國經濟的真正優勢之一:創新。
拜登的經濟復興計劃顯示了對研發活動加大投資的強烈愿望,想要以此來刺激對國內商品和服務的需求,同時創造更高質量的就業機會。
他還提議,要對創新企業提供稅收減免等激勵措施,并大致規劃了如何提供良好的經濟運行環境、支持美國企業的活動,以便他們既能夠在本國開展業務,也可以應對離岸外包的情形。
輝瑞/BioNTech和Moderna的疫苗研發都取得了喜人的成果,市場反彈,趨勢向好——但這并不意味著經濟將迎來真正的可持續發展。拜登的“經濟復蘇”是一項長期、持續的計劃,旨在充分利用美國的創新力量,進一步增強其工業和科技能力。
拜登將現在的局面與第二次世界大戰期間,美國經濟迸發出的彈力相提并論——很明顯,這說明他認識到了美國的中小企業(尤其是制造業)將在經濟復蘇中扮演重要的角色。
抗疫將是拜登政府的首要工作,但在應對疫情對經濟產生的負面影響時,這些促進增長的策略也必將發揮作用。
首先,拜登提議通過聯邦采購的方式,對美國工人生產的產品進行一筆4000億美元的投資。拜登希望通過這項投資來刺激小企業的需求,并促進就業增長——這在許多方面折射出2009年《經濟復蘇法案》(Recovery Act)的影子,這項投資計劃中包括購買價值數十億美元的清潔車輛和產品,以及鋼鐵、水泥等原材料和其他設備等。
這項投資計劃還承諾,政府將付費購買“先進技術”——這也表明,拜登政府對以人工智能、機器學習和電信通訊為中心的數字革命充滿信心。
此外,拜登還支持聯邦政府為研發活動直接提供資金。他提議在他的第一屆任期內投資3000億美元,用于推進5G和人工智能等關鍵的“新產業和技術”。
該提議的細節尚未完全披露,拜登的團隊還另外提出了支持設立“信用透支”(credit facility)的主張,向中小型制造企業注入資金,助其實現現代化,增強競爭力。
這些支持措施的目的是確保美國能夠推出新產品,保障美國仍然作為創新圣地,讓下一個蘋果、IBM、微軟、SpaceX在這里誕生并蓬勃發展。
在拜登倡導的稅收改革計劃下,相應的減稅和就業法案在短時間內還不太可能出現,但政府很可能會充分利用稅收工具,讓美國企業發揮杠桿作用,以增強經濟活力。
具體來說,拜登團隊稱他們將“特別關注美國制造業的支柱,即全美數以千計的中小型制造商”。
為了鼓勵增長和創新,拜登提議對投資于“關閉或快要關閉的設施、改造或擴充設施,以及將生產或服務產業帶回美國”的公司實行10%的稅收抵免。
稅收抵免之外,拜登還提議對從事海外制造業務的公司征收10%的附加稅,或將意味著相關企業所得稅稅率將提高至30.8%。這個信號很明確——對他來說,在國內實施創新是第一要務。
不過,拜登也已經暗示,這類激勵措施不會只適用于某個特定行業。這位當選總統相信,提振所有美國中小企業的創新能力將是疫情經濟救災工作的核心。
拜登的上述稅收激勵及處罰措施似乎是朝著創造良好創新環境邁出的強有力的第一步,但邁出第一步之后,還有許多事情要做。拜登團隊提議加強公私合作,甚至在勞動力發展項目上投資500億美元——這很有必要,因為獲得技術型勞動力在美國一直是一個難解之題。
創新支持系統的構建還將確保勞動力跟上新技術的快速發展。拜登似乎也理解這一點。
正如拜登個人平臺所寫:“作為總統,拜登將確保接受聯邦資金的雇主提前通知所有受影響的雇員,告知他們工作場所的技術變革和自動化升級,讓其雇員在新工作崗位上排在前列,并為雇員提供有償技能培訓,以便他們可以在新工作崗位上如魚得水。”
但對民主黨人來說,對參議院的控制不力又將成為下一個讓人擔心的點。為了讓這些提議成為現實,拜登必須信守諾言,利用他曾經作為兩黨斡旋“端水”大師的優勢。
首先,拜登應該著眼于已經從兩黨合作中受益的現有激勵措施。研發稅收抵免一直以來都是美國中小企業的福利,在兩黨看來也是刺激經濟復蘇的可行工具。
實際上,包括民主黨參議員克里斯·庫恩斯提議在內的幾項兩黨立法,都是由共和黨人通過的。眾議院少數黨領袖凱文·麥卡錫(加州共和黨)和凱文·布雷迪(德克薩斯州共和黨)最近的一篇專欄文章甚至表示支持將信貸額度加倍以促進更大的創新。
2008年金融危機爆發后,時任美國總統貝拉克·奧巴馬受到了批評,人們認為他在推動經濟強勁復蘇方面舉措不力——盡管他的政策已經足以緩解危機。拜登應該盡力避免類似批評的出現,將重點放在可持續經濟增長上。
無論振興美國經濟的方式幾何,創新都必將發揮核心作用。(財富中文網)
本文作者喬·克勞利是華盛頓Squire Patton Boggs的高級政策顧問、alliantgroup戰略咨詢委員會成員。1998年,克勞利代表紐約皇后區和布朗克斯區的部分地區首次當選國會議員。在國會期間,克勞利擔任眾議院民主黨核心會議主席和眾議院籌款委員會成員。
編譯:陳聰聰、楊二一
Made in America. It seems those three words will define President-elect Joe Biden’s approach to rejuvenating an American economy that continues to be pummeled by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.
But looking closer at his platform, it seems Biden’s actual approach to economic recovery in the face of the coronavirus will be defined by three other terms: invest, provide, and support.
Biden has made clear through policy proposals that the U.S. needs to kick-start its struggling economy through a heavy focus on one of America’s true strengths: innovation.
His plan shows a strong desire to invest in research and development activities in order to increase demand for domestic goods and services while creating high-quality jobs.
He has also laid out proposals to provide incentives such as tax credits for businesses that are innovating, and he outlined a path to support an economically viable environment for U.S. businesses to keep their operations here and combat offshoring.
Markets have rallied in response to reported positive results for the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, but that isn’t indicative of truly sustainable economic progress. Biden’s plan for lasting economic recovery leverages the power of innovation in the U.S. in an attempt to boost our industrial and technological capacities.
It’s clear that Biden recognizes the role that American small and midsize businesses, particularly in the manufacturing sector, will play in an economic rebound effort that he compares to our country’s resilience during World War II.
Tackling COVID-19 will be job No. 1 in the Biden administration, but these growth tactics are sure to play a role in combating the pandemic’s negative economic impact.
First, Biden’s proposals call for a $400 billion investment in federal purchases for products made by American workers. Biden hopes to both spur demand and increase job growth for small businesses through this investment, which will likely mirror the 2009 Recovery Act in many ways, and which will include the purchase of billions of dollars’ worth of clean vehicles and products, materials such as steel and cement, and other equipment.
The investment would also include a commitment to purchase advanced tech—a sign of his administration’s confidence in a digital revolution centered on artificial intelligence (A.I.), machine learning, and telecom.
Further, Biden has supported direct federal funding for research and development activities in the form of a $300 billion investment in his first term that would be directed toward the advancement of critical “new industries and technologies” such as 5G and A.I.
And, although the details of the proposal are not fully disclosed, Biden’s team has also thrown support behind the creation of a “credit facility” that will inject capital into small and midsize manufacturing firms in order for them to modernize and become more competitive.
These sorts of support measures are aimed at ensuring new products emerge from the U.S. and that America remains a mecca of innovation where the next Apple, IBM, Microsoft, or SpaceX can flourish.
Although addressing the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in the form of a Biden tax reform plan likely won’t be on the table for some time, the administration very likely will work to implement tax tools for American businesses to leverage in order to bolster economic viability.
Specifically, his team has claimed it will “put a special focus on the backbone of American manufacturing—the thousands of small and medium-sized manufacturers throughout the country.”
In order to encourage business growth and innovation, a Biden administration would push for a 10% tax credit for companies that invest in “revitalizing closed or nearly closed facilities, retooling or expanding facilities, and bringing production or service jobs back to the U.S.”
Alongside the tax credit, Biden has also pitched a 10% surtax for companies that offshore manufacturing operations that would seemingly increase the corporate tax rate to 30.8%. That’s a sure sign that for him, innovation in the homeland is priority No. 1.
Biden has signaled, however, that these types of incentives wouldn’t just be available to one specific industry. This is indicative of the President-elect’s belief that innovation efforts for all American small and midsize businesses will be central to relief efforts.
Biden’s approach to tax incentives and penalties seems to be a strong first step toward creating that environment, but more will need to be done. His team has proposed invigorating public-private partnerships, and even investing $50 billion in workforce development programs, a necessity when access to technical labor has been a consistent problem in the U.S.
Creating a support system for innovation will also involve ensuring that our workforce can keep pace with what will hopefully be a hare-paced development of new technologies. President-elect Biden seems to understand that.
As stated on his published platform, “As President, Biden will ensure that employers receiving federal funds give all affected employees advance notice of technology changes and automation in the workplace, put their employees at the front of the line for new jobs, and offer paid skills training so that employees can succeed in new jobs.”
For Democrats excited by the notion of a Biden presidency, the truth is that control of the Senate is a concern. In order for any of these proposals to become a reality, Biden will likely have to keep his word and leverage his past strengths as a master in bipartisanship.
To start, Biden should look toward existing incentives that already benefit from bipartisan support. The Research and Development Tax Credit has historically been a boon for American small and medium-size businesses, and has been recognized by members of both parties as a viable tool for spurring economic recovery.
In fact, several pieces of bipartisan legislation, including Sen. Chris Coons’ (D-Del.) Forward Act, advocate for strengthening the credit. A recent column from House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy (R-Calif.) and Rep. Kevin Brady (R-Texas) even signaled support for doubling the credit to foster greater innovation.
President Obama received criticism in the wake of the 2008 crash for not doing enough to generate a robust recovery, even though his efforts were enough to mitigate the crisis. Biden should work to avoid any chance of similar critiques by focusing heavily on creating tools for sustainable economic growth.
Regardless of the approach to reinvigorating the U.S. economy, innovation is sure to play a central role.
Joe Crowley is a senior policy adviser at Squire Patton Boggs in Washington and serves on alliantgroup’s Strategic Advisory Board. He was first elected to Congress in 1998 to represent portions of Queens and the Bronx in New York. While in Congress, Crowley served as chair of the House Democratic Caucus and a member of the House Committee on Ways and Means.