幾十年來,美國的冷飲和熱飲市場一直是各自獨立的領域,各自都有其無可爭議的龍頭。可口可樂和百事長期以來占據了碳酸飲料近四分之三的市場份額,而星巴克則一直是“喝咖啡的首選”。這三大龍頭對于大張旗鼓地合并冷熱飲板塊毫無興趣。今年,消費經濟陷入動蕩,飲料市場也未能幸免,而鮮為人知的Keurig Dr Pepper卻爆冷奪得了大量市場份額。
盡管KDP在美國軟飲領域的市場份額不及可口可樂和百事的一半,但與去年相比,宅在家中的美國人消費的罐裝和瓶裝軟飲品牌中,KDP所占比例與這兩大巨頭并駕齊驅。Consumer Edge數據顯示,在截至7月26日的20個星期內,美國軟飲市場銷售總額增長14億美元,其中KDP就占到了34.1%。而KDP的市場占有率也從22.7%提升至24.0%。Consumer Edge的分析師布雷特?庫珀說:“在應對危機方面,KDP是所有飲料公司中做得最好的。”
兩年前,咖啡生產商Keurig Green Mountain以187億美元并購飲料制造商Dr Pepper Snapple,締造了KDP,因此,作為“新人”的KDP的崛起格外引人注目。當年的這場交易堪稱一場豪賭:整合各種經典品牌和高增長新品牌(這些品牌的產品種類遠不及可口可樂、百事)并加以推廣,由此打造一個比所有板塊加起來更有實力的業務單元。
KDP的首席執行官鮑勃?甘戈特構想了這一戰略,作為一名資深業內人士,他曾經肩負起Pinnacle Foods和Keurig Green Mountain的重振重任,但他的終極夢想卻是創建“第一家現代飲料公司”。
盧森堡控股公司JAB的首席執行官奧利維爾?古德特表示:“我們給鮑勃提供了共計170億美元的資金支持。首先,我們收購了Keurig,讓他出任首席執行官,之后又收購了Dr Pepper Snapple。”JAB也在歐洲建立了一個咖啡帝國。(控股JAB的Reimanns家族是德國最富有的家族之一,與少數股東共同持有44%的KDP股份。)“這一切都押注在了鮑勃身上,因為他知道,無論是選擇熱飲還是冷飲,最后都只能夠得到一半的結果。他最早發現了消費者模式在發生變化。”
甘戈特在幾次長時間的電話交流中向《財富》雜志描述了他的藍圖。他說:“這個行業對飲品類的看法太狹隘了。星巴克有一半以上的飲品都含冰。需要午后提神的人可能會選擇咖啡、Dr Pepper,或者我們的Adrenaline Shoc能量飲料。但業界和華爾街都把熱飲和冷飲看作兩個完全不同的領域。我們將這兩塊合并在一起的時候,所有人都百思不得其解。”他解釋稱,他的目標是打造盡可能廣泛的產品陣容。58歲的甘戈特表示:“我們要盡可能地成為沃爾瑪或亞馬遜的重要供貨商,為了實現這個目標,我們提供了滿足所有消費者需求的產品組合。”
去年,KDP以111億美元的營收位列美國第七大食品飲料公司。事實表明,對于公司而言,擁有一個能夠源源不斷帶來可預測收益的廣泛多樣的產品組合,這在經濟繁榮時期尚且可望而不可及,疫情期間更是如此。而這卻可以說是KDP的壟斷領域。2020年上半年,KDP營收強勁增長3%,達到55億美元,調整后利潤躍升11.7%至8.77億美元。相比之下,從1月到6月,可口可樂的收入下降了15.4%,百事截至6月中旬的兩個季度收益下降了6.0%。雖然KDP堅持其收益預期,承諾實現2020年初設定的業績目標:銷售額增長3%至4%,每股收益增長13%至15%。但受新冠疫情影響,可口可樂、星巴克等大多數食品飲料公司宣稱,由于市場波動太大,業績難以預測。
疫情之前,甘戈特就已經有逼近這些巨頭之勢,他感覺這場危機或許會對他有利,但前提是公司必須迅速轉向,并接受這樣的現實:前景將不大一樣,消費者想要的東西也在發生變化,并且這種變化可能具有永久性。他說:“我們認為世界不會回歸正常。我們打造了一張藍圖,那就是要接受并擁抱顛覆。”
3月初,KDP推出“互聯面板”(即1萬臺家用咖啡機以電子方式鏈接至KDP數據中心),第一次讓人們意識到:我們生活在一個新世界。甘戈特希望借此幫助Keurig Green Mountain紓困。聯機的咖啡機使用視覺識別技術讀取每個K-Cup咖啡粉囊的圖片,以此識別品牌和口味,這樣KDP就可以即刻看到家庭日咖啡消耗量的變化、消費者喜愛的咖啡品牌和拼配方式。甘戈特表示:“通過時刻都在變化的數據,我們可以看到,人們逐漸離開城市、宅在家中,咖啡消費量大幅飆升。”這些咖啡方面的數據也顯示了軟飲料領域的變化。甘戈特稱:“我們知道很少有人會停下來在加油站、當地商店或餐館買飲料。”他緊接著預計,在宅經濟形勢下,人們會在沃爾瑪、克羅格這些可以一次性大量采購的大型超市囤積碳酸飲料。
甘戈特表示:“我們預測消費者會需要大量的罐裝飲料,因為罐裝飲料方便存放在車庫里。罐裝比瓶裝更新鮮,并且小孩和大人都可以一次抽一罐出來。”問題來了,甘戈特發現,他的國內易拉罐供應商產量根本無法滿足需求。但奇跡般地是,墨西哥政府宣布啤酒是一種非必需品,關閉了啤酒工廠,這樣當地的易拉罐制造商就有了大量產能。甘戈特回憶道:“我們抓住了這個機會。我們對墨西哥的生產商說:‘你們有多少我們要多少。’競爭對手的易拉罐用完了。我們獲得了易拉罐。”
KDP加大了一箱12罐隔層紙板包裝的12盎司易拉罐的產能,并削減了飲料瓶的產量。不僅如此,KDP還采用了店鋪直接配送(DSD)的模式,這就意味著在全美四分之三的地區,KDP的6000輛貨車將貨物從160個配送中心直接運送到7-11、克羅格等大小門店。之后再由KDP業務員將裝載各品牌飲料的U型推車推至飲料區手動上貨。業務員通常一周要去大型超市補貨數次,歷時三四個小時。他們向KDP數據中心傳輸即時更新的銷售情況和銷售速度。甘戈特說:“如果你只是發貨到零售商的倉庫,你不會得到這樣的數據,而且要等上一周的時間才能夠了解售賣情況,到那時就晚了。”
其他趨勢也在不斷涌現。Canada Dry姜汁汽水、A&W草根啤酒等經典產品的需求大幅上漲。KDP南部分銷網絡的負責人霍蘭德?盧揚表示:“我們增加了暢銷品,并大幅減少了銷售速度較慢的品種。”工廠降低了七喜和輕怡Squirt的產量。因為重心向暢銷品轉移,業務員的效率也變得更高。過去貨盤要裝載55個品種,現在只要裝15個,品種少了,數量自然就變多了,上架時間也隨之縮短。
咖啡也遵循同樣的模式。用剃須刀和刀片打比方,剃須刀的售價非常便宜,幾乎沒有利潤可言,商家以此來吸引消費者購買利潤豐厚的刀片,而KDP的Keurig咖啡機就相當于“剃須刀”,而“刀片”則是K-Cup咖啡粉囊。據估計,KDP每年生產超過100億個咖啡粉囊,市場份額高達82%。KDP將采購回來的咖啡豆研磨成粉,裝入粉囊,然后配送給Green Mountain、Original Donut Shop等品牌自有門店,以及包括麥當勞(McDonald’s)的麥咖啡(McCafé)、Newman’s Own、Krispy Kreme(同時也為星巴克和Dunkin’ Donuts灌裝咖啡粉囊)在內的20多個授權門店。一旦咖啡粉囊的消費量飆升,甘戈特就會“先于零售訂單把工廠產能調至最高。不等銷量出現上漲就先增加庫存。”聯網的咖啡機數據還顯示,消費者更偏好優質咖啡,這或許是因為當消費者買不到3美元的星巴克咖啡時,他們往往會樂意花70美分買一杯極品K-Cup膠囊咖啡。同樣,KDP大幅增加了Green Mountain等主打咖啡的產量,并暫停生產小眾品牌的咖啡。家庭K-Cup咖啡粉囊的銷量最高峰時比去年高出30%,對于咖啡這樣一款增幅通常為中等個位數的產品來說,這個增幅非常了不起。
對于自稱挑戰者的甘戈特來說,現在的問題是如何實現兩個由緩慢到適度擴張的業務的強勁增長。到目前為止,KDP已經成功地將3%左右的營收增速轉化為調整后的15%的收益增長。但利潤的大幅躍升主要通過降低開支以及并購省下的大額開支來實現。到2021年年底成本削減結束之際,甘戈特將需要獲得更高的收入增長。KDP董事、瑪氏公司前全球總裁保羅?邁克爾斯說:“甘戈特想要的是5%到6%的年銷售增幅,而不是業內常態的每年幾個百分點。”本世紀初,保羅?邁克爾斯曾經是甘戈特的老板兼導師。
對飲料行業而言,這樣的增速是一個很高的門檻。疫情期間,動作頻頻的KDP市場占有率上升了1%以上,很有可能KDP要回吐一部分,而KDP股票一年來的表現也證明了華爾街給出的這一預測。
但展望未來,甘戈特所占優勢包括:第一,從2021年左右開始,KDP將償還足夠的債務,可以利用其強大的自由現金流進行收購。事實證明,甘戈特過去就擅長收購和發展品牌;他通過收購Greenies等品牌建立了瑪氏的寵物食品特許經營權,成為Ralston Purina的競爭對手;通過收購Birds Eye蔬菜、Evol天然餐食和植物性蛋白食品制造商Gardein,甘戈特重振了Pinnacle老舊的的投資組合,進軍健康冷凍食品領域。
其次,甘戈特認識到,發展K-Cup咖啡粉囊業務的目的就是要讓Keurig咖啡機走進更多的家庭。為了吸引更多消費者,他大幅降低了咖啡飲品和機器的價格,銷售額受到暫時沖擊;在此過程中,美國擁有咖啡機的家庭數量翻了一番,達到目前的3100萬戶,差不多占全美家庭的四分之一。這就留下了很大的發展空間:在歐洲,超過50%的家庭都有咖啡機。疫情期間美國消費者口味的變化可能會持續下去。
第三,“口味”領域(非可樂類碳酸飲料)的增長速度已經高于整個軟飲料板塊1個百分點以上。增加新口味可以額外提振老品牌。口感辛辣的Canada Dry Bold和Dr Pepper & Cream Soda奶油蘇打汽水有望加入快增長行列。
第四個優勢就是Allied Brands,收購企業家或私人玩家通常持有的品牌(比如飲料界傳奇人物蘭斯?科林斯發明的運動飲料Adrenaline Shoc,或杰克?斯坦菲爾德的Don’t Quit!蛋白奶昔)。過去Dr Pepper Snapple會負責這些品牌的分銷業務,但倘若這些品牌一躍成為暢銷品,Dr Pepper Snapple可能并沒有機會收購這些品牌,相反,這些品牌可能會成為可口可樂等大公司的囊中之物。甘戈特再一次打破了這種模式。只有在品牌所有者同意給予KDP基于預定公式的購買權的基礎上,甘戈特才會將該品牌納入Allied Brand。
擁抱未來的不確定性,這或許就是甘戈特最大的優勢。他說:“我們的競爭對手輾轉反側,希望回歸現狀,但這是不可能的。”這種打破常規的大膽之舉讓KDP成為了飲料行業最為津津樂道的談資。(財富中文網)
本文另一版本登載于《財富》雜志2020年11月刊,標題為《Keurig是一臺機器》。
譯者:唐塵
幾十年來,美國的冷飲和熱飲市場一直是各自獨立的領域,各自都有其無可爭議的龍頭。可口可樂和百事長期以來占據了碳酸飲料近四分之三的市場份額,而星巴克則一直是“喝咖啡的首選”。這三大龍頭對于大張旗鼓地合并冷熱飲板塊毫無興趣。今年,消費經濟陷入動蕩,飲料市場也未能幸免,而鮮為人知的Keurig Dr Pepper卻爆冷奪得了大量市場份額。
盡管KDP在美國軟飲領域的市場份額不及可口可樂和百事的一半,但與去年相比,宅在家中的美國人消費的罐裝和瓶裝軟飲品牌中,KDP所占比例與這兩大巨頭并駕齊驅。Consumer Edge數據顯示,在截至7月26日的20個星期內,美國軟飲市場銷售總額增長14億美元,其中KDP就占到了34.1%。而KDP的市場占有率也從22.7%提升至24.0%。Consumer Edge的分析師布雷特?庫珀說:“在應對危機方面,KDP是所有飲料公司中做得最好的。”
兩年前,咖啡生產商Keurig Green Mountain以187億美元并購飲料制造商Dr Pepper Snapple,締造了KDP,因此,作為“新人”的KDP的崛起格外引人注目。當年的這場交易堪稱一場豪賭:整合各種經典品牌和高增長新品牌(這些品牌的產品種類遠不及可口可樂、百事)并加以推廣,由此打造一個比所有板塊加起來更有實力的業務單元。
KDP的首席執行官鮑勃?甘戈特構想了這一戰略,作為一名資深業內人士,他曾經肩負起Pinnacle Foods和Keurig Green Mountain的重振重任,但他的終極夢想卻是創建“第一家現代飲料公司”。
盧森堡控股公司JAB的首席執行官奧利維爾?古德特表示:“我們給鮑勃提供了共計170億美元的資金支持。首先,我們收購了Keurig,讓他出任首席執行官,之后又收購了Dr Pepper Snapple。”JAB也在歐洲建立了一個咖啡帝國。(控股JAB的Reimanns家族是德國最富有的家族之一,與少數股東共同持有44%的KDP股份。)“這一切都押注在了鮑勃身上,因為他知道,無論是選擇熱飲還是冷飲,最后都只能夠得到一半的結果。他最早發現了消費者模式在發生變化。”
甘戈特在幾次長時間的電話交流中向《財富》雜志描述了他的藍圖。他說:“這個行業對飲品類的看法太狹隘了。星巴克有一半以上的飲品都含冰。需要午后提神的人可能會選擇咖啡、Dr Pepper,或者我們的Adrenaline Shoc能量飲料。但業界和華爾街都把熱飲和冷飲看作兩個完全不同的領域。我們將這兩塊合并在一起的時候,所有人都百思不得其解。”他解釋稱,他的目標是打造盡可能廣泛的產品陣容。58歲的甘戈特表示:“我們要盡可能地成為沃爾瑪或亞馬遜的重要供貨商,為了實現這個目標,我們提供了滿足所有消費者需求的產品組合。”
去年,KDP以111億美元的營收位列美國第七大食品飲料公司。事實表明,對于公司而言,擁有一個能夠源源不斷帶來可預測收益的廣泛多樣的產品組合,這在經濟繁榮時期尚且可望而不可及,疫情期間更是如此。而這卻可以說是KDP的壟斷領域。2020年上半年,KDP營收強勁增長3%,達到55億美元,調整后利潤躍升11.7%至8.77億美元。相比之下,從1月到6月,可口可樂的收入下降了15.4%,百事截至6月中旬的兩個季度收益下降了6.0%。雖然KDP堅持其收益預期,承諾實現2020年初設定的業績目標:銷售額增長3%至4%,每股收益增長13%至15%。但受新冠疫情影響,可口可樂、星巴克等大多數食品飲料公司宣稱,由于市場波動太大,業績難以預測。
疫情之前,甘戈特就已經有逼近這些巨頭之勢,他感覺這場危機或許會對他有利,但前提是公司必須迅速轉向,并接受這樣的現實:前景將不大一樣,消費者想要的東西也在發生變化,并且這種變化可能具有永久性。他說:“我們認為世界不會回歸正常。我們打造了一張藍圖,那就是要接受并擁抱顛覆。”
3月初,KDP推出“互聯面板”(即1萬臺家用咖啡機以電子方式鏈接至KDP數據中心),第一次讓人們意識到:我們生活在一個新世界。甘戈特希望借此幫助Keurig Green Mountain紓困。聯機的咖啡機使用視覺識別技術讀取每個K-Cup咖啡粉囊的圖片,以此識別品牌和口味,這樣KDP就可以即刻看到家庭日咖啡消耗量的變化、消費者喜愛的咖啡品牌和拼配方式。甘戈特表示:“通過時刻都在變化的數據,我們可以看到,人們逐漸離開城市、宅在家中,咖啡消費量大幅飆升。”這些咖啡方面的數據也顯示了軟飲料領域的變化。甘戈特稱:“我們知道很少有人會停下來在加油站、當地商店或餐館買飲料。”他緊接著預計,在宅經濟形勢下,人們會在沃爾瑪、克羅格這些可以一次性大量采購的大型超市囤積碳酸飲料。位于得克薩斯州歐文市的Keurig Dr Pepper工廠生產的輕怡七喜。圖片版權:Michael Riddell—Courtesy of KDRP
甘戈特表示:“我們預測消費者會需要大量的罐裝飲料,因為罐裝飲料方便存放在車庫里。罐裝比瓶裝更新鮮,并且小孩和大人都可以一次抽一罐出來。”問題來了,甘戈特發現,他的國內易拉罐供應商產量根本無法滿足需求。但奇跡般地是,墨西哥政府宣布啤酒是一種非必需品,關閉了啤酒工廠,這樣當地的易拉罐制造商就有了大量產能。甘戈特回憶道:“我們抓住了這個機會。我們對墨西哥的生產商說:‘你們有多少我們要多少。’競爭對手的易拉罐用完了。我們獲得了易拉罐。”
KDP加大了一箱12罐隔層紙板包裝的12盎司易拉罐的產能,并削減了飲料瓶的產量。不僅如此,KDP還采用了店鋪直接配送(DSD)的模式,這就意味著在全美四分之三的地區,KDP的6000輛貨車將貨物從160個配送中心直接運送到7-11、克羅格等大小門店。之后再由KDP業務員將裝載各品牌飲料的U型推車推至飲料區手動上貨。業務員通常一周要去大型超市補貨數次,歷時三四個小時。他們向KDP數據中心傳輸即時更新的銷售情況和銷售速度。甘戈特說:“如果你只是發貨到零售商的倉庫,你不會得到這樣的數據,而且要等上一周的時間才能夠了解售賣情況,到那時就晚了。”
其他趨勢也在不斷涌現。Canada Dry姜汁汽水、A&W草根啤酒等經典產品的需求大幅上漲。KDP南部分銷網絡的負責人霍蘭德?盧揚表示:“我們增加了暢銷品,并大幅減少了銷售速度較慢的品種。”工廠降低了七喜和輕怡Squirt的產量。因為重心向暢銷品轉移,業務員的效率也變得更高。過去貨盤要裝載55個品種,現在只要裝15個,品種少了,數量自然就變多了,上架時間也隨之縮短。
咖啡也遵循同樣的模式。用剃須刀和刀片打比方,剃須刀的售價非常便宜,幾乎沒有利潤可言,商家以此來吸引消費者購買利潤豐厚的刀片,而KDP的Keurig咖啡機就相當于“剃須刀”,而“刀片”則是K-Cup咖啡粉囊。據估計,KDP每年生產超過100億個咖啡粉囊,市場份額高達82%。KDP將采購回來的咖啡豆研磨成粉,裝入粉囊,然后配送給Green Mountain、Original Donut Shop等品牌自有門店,以及包括麥當勞(McDonald’s)的麥咖啡(McCafé)、Newman’s Own、Krispy Kreme(同時也為星巴克和Dunkin’ Donuts灌裝咖啡粉囊)在內的20多個授權門店。一旦咖啡粉囊的消費量飆升,甘戈特就會“先于零售訂單把工廠產能調至最高。不等銷量出現上漲就先增加庫存。”聯網的咖啡機數據還顯示,消費者更偏好優質咖啡,這或許是因為當消費者買不到3美元的星巴克咖啡時,他們往往會樂意花70美分買一杯極品K-Cup膠囊咖啡。同樣,KDP大幅增加了Green Mountain等主打咖啡的產量,并暫停生產小眾品牌的咖啡。家庭K-Cup咖啡粉囊的銷量最高峰時比去年高出30%,對于咖啡這樣一款增幅通常為中等個位數的產品來說,這個增幅非常了不起。
對于自稱挑戰者的甘戈特來說,現在的問題是如何實現兩個由緩慢到適度擴張的業務的強勁增長。到目前為止,KDP已經成功地將3%左右的營收增速轉化為調整后的15%的收益增長。但利潤的大幅躍升主要通過降低開支以及并購省下的大額開支來實現。到2021年年底成本削減結束之際,甘戈特將需要獲得更高的收入增長。KDP董事、瑪氏公司前全球總裁保羅?邁克爾斯說:“甘戈特想要的是5%到6%的年銷售增幅,而不是業內常態的每年幾個百分點。”本世紀初,保羅?邁克爾斯曾經是甘戈特的老板兼導師。
對飲料行業而言,這樣的增速是一個很高的門檻。疫情期間,動作頻頻的KDP市場占有率上升了1%以上,很有可能KDP要回吐一部分,而KDP股票一年來的表現也證明了華爾街給出的這一預測。
但展望未來,甘戈特所占優勢包括:第一,從2021年左右開始,KDP將償還足夠的債務,可以利用其強大的自由現金流進行收購。事實證明,甘戈特過去就擅長收購和發展品牌;他通過收購Greenies等品牌建立了瑪氏的寵物食品特許經營權,成為Ralston Purina的競爭對手;通過收購Birds Eye蔬菜、Evol天然餐食和植物性蛋白食品制造商Gardein,甘戈特重振了Pinnacle老舊的的投資組合,進軍健康冷凍食品領域。
其次,甘戈特認識到,發展K-Cup咖啡粉囊業務的目的就是要讓Keurig咖啡機走進更多的家庭。為了吸引更多消費者,他大幅降低了咖啡飲品和機器的價格,銷售額受到暫時沖擊;在此過程中,美國擁有咖啡機的家庭數量翻了一番,達到目前的3100萬戶,差不多占全美家庭的四分之一。這就留下了很大的發展空間:在歐洲,超過50%的家庭都有咖啡機。疫情期間美國消費者口味的變化可能會持續下去。
第三,“口味”領域(非可樂類碳酸飲料)的增長速度已經高于整個軟飲料板塊1個百分點以上。增加新口味可以額外提振老品牌。口感辛辣的Canada Dry Bold和Dr Pepper & Cream Soda奶油蘇打汽水有望加入快增長行列。
第四個優勢就是Allied Brands,收購企業家或私人玩家通常持有的品牌(比如飲料界傳奇人物蘭斯?科林斯發明的運動飲料Adrenaline Shoc,或杰克?斯坦菲爾德的Don’t Quit!蛋白奶昔)。過去Dr Pepper Snapple會負責這些品牌的分銷業務,但倘若這些品牌一躍成為暢銷品,Dr Pepper Snapple可能并沒有機會收購這些品牌,相反,這些品牌可能會成為可口可樂等大公司的囊中之物。甘戈特再一次打破了這種模式。只有在品牌所有者同意給予KDP基于預定公式的購買權的基礎上,甘戈特才會將該品牌納入Allied Brand。
擁抱未來的不確定性,這或許就是甘戈特最大的優勢。他說:“我們的競爭對手輾轉反側,希望回歸現狀,但這是不可能的。”這種打破常規的大膽之舉讓KDP成為了飲料行業最為津津樂道的談資。(財富中文網)
本文另一版本登載于《財富》雜志2020年11月刊,標題為《Keurig是一臺機器》。
譯者:唐塵
For decades, the worlds of cold and hot beverages in the U.S. have remained separate domains, each dominated by undisputed champions. In carbonated soft drinks, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have long shared almost three-quarters of the market, while Starbucks has reigned as the place to go for coffee. None of the three stalwarts are even lukewarm about combining hot and cold segments in a big way. But in a beverage market as roiled as every other part of the consumer economy is this year, a surprise winner—little-known Keurig Dr Pepper—is taking gallons of market share.
Though KDP is less than half the size of Coke and Pepsi in U.S. soft drinks, it is running neck and neck with the two giants in the share of the extra cans and bottles thirsty stay-at-home Americans are quaffing versus last year. In the 20-week period ended July 26, KDP has grabbed 34.1% of the $1.4 billion increase in revenue for all U.S. carbonated soft drinks, according to Consumer Edge. That boosted its overall market share from 22.7% to 24.0%. “KDP has done the best job of any beverage company in navigating the crisis,” says Consumer Edge analyst Brett Cooper.
KDP’s rise is especially remarkable because it’s a new enterprise formed just over two years ago via the $18.7 billion merger of coffee purveyor Keurig Green Mountain and soda maker Dr Pepper Snapple. The deal was a giant bet that by assembling and promoting a broad portfolio of classic names and high-growth newcomers in categories much smaller than Coke’s or Pepsi’s colas or Starbucks’ coffee brand, KDP could create a business more powerful than the sum of its parts.
That strategy is the brainchild of KDP’s CEO, Bob Gamgort, an industry lifer who revived two struggling franchises, Pinnacle Foods and Keurig Green Mountain, but whose ultimate dream was building what he bills as “the first modern beverage company.”
“We backed Bob with a total of $17 billion. First, when we bought Keurig and brought him in as CEO, then when we bought Dr Pepper Snapple,” says Olivier Goudet, CEO of JAB, the Luxembourg holding company that has also assembled a coffee empire in Europe. (It’s backed by the Reimanns, one of Germany’s wealthiest families, and along with minority partners holds 44% of KDP’s shares.) “It was all a wager on Bob, because he knew choosing hot or cold was getting only half of the picture. He sees consumer patterns changing before anyone else.”
Over several long phone conversations, Gamgort described his blueprint to Fortune. “The industry viewed beverages much too narrowly,” he says. “Over half of Starbucks’ drinks have ice in them. When someone needs a boost in the afternoon, they may choose a coffee, or a Dr Pepper or our Adrenaline Shoc energy drink. Yet the industry and Wall Street looked at hot and cold as two completely different segments. When we merged, no one got it.” His goal, he explains, was to create the broadest possible lineup. “We need to be as important as possible to a Walmart or Amazon, and we get there by offering a portfolio that meets every consumer need,” says Gamgort, 58.
At $11.1 billion in revenue last year, KDP ranked as the seventh-largest food and beverage company in America. But the company has cornered something that has proved elusive to companies in the best of times, but especially during a pandemic: a broad, diversified portfolio that has churned out predictable earnings. For the first six months of 2020, revenues rose a sturdy 3% to $5.5 billion, while adjusted profits jumped 11.7% to $877 million. By contrast, Coke’s income dropped 15.4% from January to June, and Pepsi earnings were down 6.0% in the two quarters ending in mid-June. While KDP stuck to its earnings guidance, pledging to meet the 3% to 4% revenue and 13% to 15% earnings-per-share targets set in early 2020, the fog of COVID prompted Coke, Starbucks, and most other food and beverage players to declare the market too mercurial to forecast.
Gamgort was gaining on the giants pre-COVID and had a feeling the crisis could work in his favor, but only if the company pivoted fast and accepted that the future would be different and that what consumers wanted was changing, probably for good. “We didn’t think the world would return to normal,” he says. “We forged a blueprint that makes disruption our friend.”
The first signal that we were living in a new world came in early March from KDP’s “connected panels,” the 10,000 at-home brewers linked electronically to its data centers. It was Gamgort who introduced the panels as part of his Keurig Green Mountain rescue plan. The connected brewers read the image of every K-Cup pod to identify the brand and flavor using visual recognition technology, so that KDP sees instantly any change in the daily cups families are drinking, and the names and blends they prefer. “We saw this minute-by-minute data showing people were leaving the cities and sheltering in place and that coffee consumption was through the roof,” says Gamgort. That data from the at-home coffee side also showed what was coming in soft drinks. “We knew few people would be stopping to buy drinks at gas stations or local stores or in restaurants,” says Gamgort. He immediately anticipated that in the stay-at-home economy, families would be stockpiling soda by purchasing where they could buy big quantities in a single trip, at the megastores such as Walmart and Kroger.
“We predicted they’d want big packs of cans, because they’re easiest to store in the garage,” says Gamgort. “Cans stay fresher than bottles, and the kids and adults can pull out a can at a time.” The rub was that Gamgort saw no way his domestic can suppliers could possibly make enough of them. Miraculously, the Mexican government declared beer a nonessential product, shuttering factories and leaving the local canmakers with loads of capacity. “We pounced on that opportunity,” recalls Gamgort. “We told the producers in Mexico, ‘We’ll take all the cans you can give us.’ Competitors ran out of cans. We got the cans.”
KDP ramped up production of 12-packs of cardboard-bound 12-ounce cans and cut back on bottles. KDP employs a direct-store-delivery or DSD model, meaning that in three-quarters of the nation, KDP’s 6,000 trucks deliver shipments from 160 distribution centers directly to stores as varied as a 7-Eleven to a Kroger. Then, a KDP merchandiser wheels a “U-boat” cart carrying the brands to the beverage aisle and personally stocks the shelves. The merchandisers often visit a big store several times a week for three or four hours. They transmit up-to-the-minute updates on what’s selling and how fast to KDP’s data centers. “If you just ship to the retailer’s warehouse, you don’t get that kind of data and don’t realize for another week what’s selling. By then it’s too late,” says Gamgort.
Other trends were emerging too. Demand for classics such as Canada Dry ginger ale and A&W root beer took off. “We cranked up the bestsellers and made a lot less of the slower moving varieties,” says Holand Lujan, who heads KDP’s distribution network in the South. Factories cut way back on Cherry 7 Up and Diet Squirt. But the swing to big sellers made the merchandisers more productive. The pallets that used to contain 55 separate items were carrying as few as 15, in much bigger quantities, cutting the time required to stock shelves.
Coffee followed the same pattern. The company’s Keurig brewers are the bargain “razor” sold near breakeven to lure customers to the lucrative “blades,” KDP’s K-Cup pods. KDP produces an estimated 10 billion-plus pods a year, an astounding 82% of the total market. It buys and grinds the coffee, fills the pods, and distributes to stores both for brands it owns, led by Green Mountain and Original Donut Shop, and under some two dozen names it licenses, among them McDonald’s McCafé, Newman’s Own, and Krispy Kreme (it also packs the pods for Starbucks and Dunkin’ Donuts). Once Gamgort saw customer pod usage spike, “I turned our factories to maximum output, way in advance of retail orders. We were watching inventories build when we hadn’t seen any sales yet.” The connected brewers also showed that people were drinking much more premium coffee, perhaps because when you’re not getting a $3 cup at Starbucks, you’re fine spending 70¢ on a gourmet K-Cup. Once again, KDP greatly increased production of such staples as Green Mountain, and temporarily halted production in niche brands. At the peak, at-home K-Cup pod sales were running 30% higher than last year, an extraordinary number for a product that grows in the mid–single digits.
The question now for the self-professed challenger is how to achieve strong growth in two slow-to-modestly expanding businesses. So far, KDP has managed to translate revenues waxing at around 3% into adjusted earnings gains in the 15% range. But it’s generating those outsize leaps in profits chiefly by lowering expenses and reaping big savings from the merger. When cost cutting runs its course by the close of 2021, Gamgort will need to garner much higher revenue growth. “He wants sales growth of 5% to 6% a year, not the couple of points a year that are the norm in the business,” says Paul Michaels, a KDP director and former global president of Mars, where he was Gamgort’s boss and mentor in the 2000s.
In beverages, that’s a high bar. It’s likely that KDP will give back at least part of the big 1%-plus gain in market share that its jackrabbit moves won in the pandemic, something Wall Street anticipates as evidenced by the stock’s flatline performance over the past year.
But looking ahead, Gamgort has several things working in his favor. First, starting around 2021 KDP will have retired enough debt that it can use its formidable free cash flow for acquisitions. Gamgort proved to be a master at purchasing and growing brands in the past; he built Mars’ pet food franchise to rival Ralston Purina’s through acquisition of Greenies and other names and revitalized Pinnacle’s tired portfolio with a move into healthy frozen foods via the purchases of Birds Eye vegetables, Evol natural meals, and Gardein, maker of plant-based protein foods.
Second, Gamgort recognized that getting Keurig brewers in more households was what growing K-Cup pods was all about. He sharply cut the prices of the cups and machines, taking a temporary hit to sales to lure more customers, and in the process doubled the number of U.S. homes with brewers to the current 31 million, representing about one household in four. That leaves plenty of room to run: In Europe, over 50% of all homes have brewers. Here, the changes in customer tastes in the pandemic are likely to stick.
Third, the “flavors” sector (carbonated drinks that aren’t colas) is already growing a point or more faster than soft drinks as a whole. Adding new flavors to old-line brands can provide an extra lift. Two promising entries off to fast starts are spicy Canada Dry Bold, and Dr Pepper & Cream Soda.
The fourth lever is called Allied Brands, which acquires names typically owned by entrepreneurs or private players (think Adrenaline Shoc, a sports drink invented by beverage legend Lance Collins, or Don’t Quit! protein shakes from Jake “Body by Jake” Steinfeld). In the past, the old Dr Pepper Snapple would distribute such brands but didn’t secure the rights to buy them if they took off, and would often lose out to Coke or another big bidder. Once again, Gamgort broke the mold. He’ll offer to make a new beverage an Allied Brand only if the owner agrees to give KDP the right to purchase it based on a predetermined formula.
But perhaps the best thing Gamgort has going for him is that he’s embracing—rather than dreading—the uncertainty that lies ahead. “Our rivals are rolling over and hoping that the status quo returns, and it’s not returning,” he says. That paradigm-busting audacity has given KDP the biggest caffeine buzz in beverages.?
A version of this article appears in the November 2020 issue of Fortune with the headline, “Keurig is a machine.”