美國前衛生總監:新冠疫情在2022年之前不會結束
美國前衛生總監于本周二發出警告,即便新型冠狀病毒肺炎的疫苗研發競賽很快會決出勝者,我們也不能指望這場大流行病會在2022年之前結束。
“我認為我們在2021年還無法在表面上恢復到疫情之前的狀態,” 維維克·默西在參加一場由美國嘉年華郵輪集團和世界旅游及旅行業理事會聯合舉辦的線上虛擬大會中說道,他曾在美國前總統奧巴馬的任期內擔任衛生總監。
世界衛生組織的數據顯示,目前有超過160種針對新冠肺炎的疫苗正在研發,其中約有25種正在進行人體臨床試驗。少數疫苗已經進入三期臨床試驗,已有數千人接種,這些疫苗有的由牛津大學與阿斯利康制藥公司共同研發,有的是莫德納生物科技公司與美國國立衛生研究院的合作成果,還有的來自數家中國機構。
不過,此前領導美國抗擊埃博拉和寨卡疫情的默西警告稱:“即使是在樂觀情況下,我們也可能要到2021年中才會看到疫苗大規模推廣。”
疫苗的推廣本身也面臨著挑戰,近些年來美國的反疫苗情緒日益增長,他們對新研發的新冠肺炎疫苗也抱著懷疑態度,這些困難都需要克服。所以,即便最后面世的疫苗百分百有效,默西稱“這種可能性極低”,也需要至少70%的人口接種才能達到針對新冠病毒的“群體免疫”。
“我們有可能在2021年底做到這些,為70%的人口接種疫苗嗎?那我們大概要完成歷史上最為成功的疫苗接種工作才行,”默西說道。“這能做到嗎?怎么說呢,凡事都有第一次。”
與其他公共衛生專家的說法相比,他更為直接地指出了形勢的嚴峻。盡管美國一些城市和州重新展開了疫情防控工作,但新冠肺炎感染人數仍在激增。美國國家過敏癥和傳染病研究所所長福奇上周承認,疫情“目前基本看不到盡頭”,它也永遠不會被根除。
不過談到恢復常態的速度時,他比默西要略微樂觀。“如果有良好的公共衛生措施、一定程度的群體免疫和有效的疫苗,我希望我們能研發成功并對此謹慎樂觀……我們會控制住局勢的,”福奇上周在面對全球結核病新藥研發聯盟的線上采訪時說道。“我不確定是今年還是明年。”
默西本周二在全球科學峰會上發表了講話,他的預測對于主辦方來說或許不是好事。這一活動由旅游業貿易組織世界旅游及旅行業理事會和嘉年華郵輪集團合辦,后者迫切希望郵輪業務能在2022年之前恢復正常運營。
嘉年華郵輪集團的CEO阿諾德·唐納德本月早些時候曾充滿信心地表示,集團 “即便是在零收入的情況下也能撐到明年年底”。不過,他的公司及其競爭對手也在號召公共衛生專家,希望他們能讓乘客放心,早日登上安全的郵輪。(如果得到政府允許的話,美國疾病控制與預防中心月初再次延長了針對郵輪公司的“禁航令”,責令其至少在9月30日之前不得在美國水域內恢復客運服務。)
其他旅游業高管也發出提醒,他們預計這場大流行病對旅游業的傷害會持續到2022年甚至更久。美國達美航空公司CEO埃德·巴斯蒂安警告稱,航空旅行可能需要“兩年或更長時間才能推動可持續復蘇”。
在這場由嘉年華郵輪集團CEO唐納德和世界旅游及旅行業理事會CEO格洛麗亞·格瓦拉共同主持的線上虛擬大會上,默西和其他演講者并沒有花費太多時間專門處理郵輪的問題。唐納德在大會結束之際表示,他希望讓這次活動“只關乎科學,不推廣郵輪或旅游”,但他也補充說,許多與會發言的科學家正和嘉年華郵輪集團針對其健康及安全標準進行合作。
“戴口罩,勤洗手,保持安全,去做檢測,”他總結道,“世界就會變得更加美好。”(財富中文網)
譯者:秦維奇
美國前衛生總監于本周二發出警告,即便新型冠狀病毒肺炎的疫苗研發競賽很快會決出勝者,我們也不能指望這場大流行病會在2022年之前結束。
“我認為我們在2021年還無法在表面上恢復到疫情之前的狀態,” 維維克·默西在參加一場由美國嘉年華郵輪集團和世界旅游及旅行業理事會聯合舉辦的線上虛擬大會中說道,他曾在美國前總統奧巴馬的任期內擔任衛生總監。
世界衛生組織的數據顯示,目前有超過160種針對新冠肺炎的疫苗正在研發,其中約有25種正在進行人體臨床試驗。少數疫苗已經進入三期臨床試驗,已有數千人接種,這些疫苗有的由牛津大學與阿斯利康制藥公司共同研發,有的是莫德納生物科技公司與美國國立衛生研究院的合作成果,還有的來自數家中國機構。
不過,此前領導美國抗擊埃博拉和寨卡疫情的默西警告稱:“即使是在樂觀情況下,我們也可能要到2021年中才會看到疫苗大規模推廣。”
疫苗的推廣本身也面臨著挑戰,近些年來美國的反疫苗情緒日益增長,他們對新研發的新冠肺炎疫苗也抱著懷疑態度,這些困難都需要克服。所以,即便最后面世的疫苗百分百有效,默西稱“這種可能性極低”,也需要至少70%的人口接種才能達到針對新冠病毒的“群體免疫”。
“我們有可能在2021年底做到這些,為70%的人口接種疫苗嗎?那我們大概要完成歷史上最為成功的疫苗接種工作才行,”默西說道。“這能做到嗎?怎么說呢,凡事都有第一次。”
與其他公共衛生專家的說法相比,他更為直接地指出了形勢的嚴峻。盡管美國一些城市和州重新展開了疫情防控工作,但新冠肺炎感染人數仍在激增。美國國家過敏癥和傳染病研究所所長福奇上周承認,疫情“目前基本看不到盡頭”,它也永遠不會被根除。
不過談到恢復常態的速度時,他比默西要略微樂觀。“如果有良好的公共衛生措施、一定程度的群體免疫和有效的疫苗,我希望我們能研發成功并對此謹慎樂觀……我們會控制住局勢的,”福奇上周在面對全球結核病新藥研發聯盟的線上采訪時說道。“我不確定是今年還是明年。”
默西本周二在全球科學峰會上發表了講話,他的預測對于主辦方來說或許不是好事。這一活動由旅游業貿易組織世界旅游及旅行業理事會和嘉年華郵輪集團合辦,后者迫切希望郵輪業務能在2022年之前恢復正常運營。
嘉年華郵輪集團的CEO阿諾德·唐納德本月早些時候曾充滿信心地表示,集團 “即便是在零收入的情況下也能撐到明年年底”。不過,他的公司及其競爭對手也在號召公共衛生專家,希望他們能讓乘客放心,早日登上安全的郵輪。(如果得到政府允許的話,美國疾病控制與預防中心月初再次延長了針對郵輪公司的“禁航令”,責令其至少在9月30日之前不得在美國水域內恢復客運服務。)
其他旅游業高管也發出提醒,他們預計這場大流行病對旅游業的傷害會持續到2022年甚至更久。美國達美航空公司CEO埃德·巴斯蒂安警告稱,航空旅行可能需要“兩年或更長時間才能推動可持續復蘇”。
在這場由嘉年華郵輪集團CEO唐納德和世界旅游及旅行業理事會CEO格洛麗亞·格瓦拉共同主持的線上虛擬大會上,默西和其他演講者并沒有花費太多時間專門處理郵輪的問題。唐納德在大會結束之際表示,他希望讓這次活動“只關乎科學,不推廣郵輪或旅游”,但他也補充說,許多與會發言的科學家正和嘉年華郵輪集團針對其健康及安全標準進行合作。
“戴口罩,勤洗手,保持安全,去做檢測,”他總結道,“世界就會變得更加美好。”(財富中文網)
譯者:秦維奇
Even if the race for a COVID-19 vaccine has a winner soon, don’t expect the pandemic to end before 2022, a former U.S. surgeon general warned Tuesday.
“If the goal is to return life to some semblance of what it was like pre-pandemic, I don't see that happening in 2021,” Vivek Murthy, a surgeon general under President Obama, said during a virtual event organized by cruise operator Carnival Corp. and the World Travel & Tourism Council.
More than 160 efforts are underway to develop vaccines for COVID-19, according to the World Health Organization, with about 25 being tested on humans in clinical trails. A handful of vaccines—including those developed by the University of Oxford with AstroZeneca, Moderna Therapeutics with the National Institutes of Health, and several Chinese entities—have advanced to the Phase III stage of being tested on thousands of patients.
But Murthy, who previously led U.S. responses to the Ebola and Zika outbreaks, cautioned that “even in an optimistic scenario, it would likely be closer to mid-2021 that we would see vaccines starting to be distributed at scale.”
That distribution will bring its own challenges, including the need to overcome Americans’ growing anti-vaccine sentiment of recent years and their new skepticism about the vaccines being developed for COVID-19. So even if a final vaccine is 100% effective—“which would be extremely rare,” Murthy pointed out—at least 70% of the population would need to be vaccinated in order to reach “herd immunity” against the coronavirus.
“Is there a chance we could do this all and vaccinate 70% of the population by the end of 2021? I think it would take the best vaccination campaign that we've ever assembled in the history of the world to do that,” Murthy said. “Could it be done? Well, there's a first time for everything.”
It was one of the more bluntly grim timelines offered by public health experts in recent days, as U.S. infections of COVID-19 surge in the face of various city and state efforts to reopen. Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, last week acknowledged that there is “so far essentially no end in sight” to the pandemic and that it would never be fully eradicated.
But he was also slightly more optimistic than Murthy about the speed of a return to normal. “With a combination of good public health measures, a degree of global herd immunity, and a good vaccine, which I do hope and feel cautiously optimistic that we will get…we will get control of this,” Fauci told the TB Alliance during a virtual interview last week. “Whether it’s this year or next year, I’m not certain.”
Murthy’s prediction was probably not welcome news to the hosts of the Global Scientific Summit, where he spoke on Tuesday. The event was put together by the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), a travel industry trade group, and Carnival, a company that’s desperately hoping that the cruise business somehow manages to resume normal operations before 2022.
CEO Arnold Donald said earlier this month that he is confident Carnival can survive “into late next year, even in a zero-revenue scenario.” But his company and its competitors are also mustering panels of public health experts to reassure passengers that it will be safe to board cruise ships long before then. (If, that is, governments allow it. Earlier this month, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention extended its “no sail” order for cruise companies for a second time, barring them from resuming passenger operations in U.S. waters until at least Sept. 30.)
Other travel executives have warned that they expect the pandemic to continue hurting their industry until 2022, or longer. Earlier this month, Delta CEO Ed Bastian warned that “it could be two years or more before we see a sustainable recovery” in air travel.
Murthy and other speakers at Carnival’s virtual event, which was cohosted by Donald and WTTC CEO Gloria Guevara, did not spend much time addressing cruises specifically. Donald ended the program by saying that he had wanted to keep the event to “just science, and not make it promotional for cruise or travel,” but added that many of the scientists who spoke during the event were working with Carnival on its health and safety standards.
“Wear your mask, wash your hands, stay safe, get tested,” he concluded, “and the world will be a better place.”