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哪里是“工人的天堂”?亞馬遜用親身遭遇告訴你

Vivienne Walt
2020-05-18

法國工會在上月起訴法國亞馬遜,由于物流中心內部環境存在風險,工會會員有感染新冠病毒的隱患。

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如果你想在失業率不斷攀升、經濟深陷低迷之時與一家萬億美元的公司一較高下,那么不妨考慮一下法國,這個國家被稱為工人的天堂。

上個月,亞馬遜在法國的官司便明確地佐證了這一點。在該案中,兩名法官做出了有利于近1萬名亞馬遜員工的裁決,并告訴亞馬遜未能在疫情期間給予其員工適當的防護。美國亞馬遜員工也提出了類似的控訴,稱新冠疫情危機讓他們非常容易受到這種致命疾病的侵襲。

法國的這場斗爭讓亞馬遜在這個全球第六大經濟體中的在線業務癱瘓了四周的時間,而正是在這個期間,亞馬遜的銷量在這個閉關鎖國、充斥著新冠疫情的星球如日中天。亞馬遜的股票今年上漲了近30%。

如今,亞馬遜正在嘗試重新開啟其法國的六個物流中心,順利的話可能這周就會營業,但工會卻說:不會這么快。

團結工會法國書記史蒂芬·恩加爾蘭說:“我們會向亞馬遜提供一個非常詳細的安全計劃,如果亞馬遜不同意,那么重新營業就會遇到很大的阻力。”該工會上月起訴法國亞馬遜,由于物流中心內部環境存在風險,從而導致工會會員存在感染新冠病毒的隱患。

恩加爾蘭說:“我們可以上法院起訴他們。”

恩加爾蘭指出,自法國出現新冠疫情以來,十幾名亞馬遜員工已經感染新冠病毒,其中有一名癥狀十分嚴重,已住進位于巴黎南部的一家醫院。

幾乎就在法國總統馬克龍于3月17日宣布采取嚴厲封鎖舉措的同時,亞馬遜員工便抱怨無法在倉庫進行社交隔離,而且缺乏洗手液和口罩。這兩類物品在法國都處于超級緊缺狀態,直到最近才有所緩解,而且法國政府嚴格限制其銷量。在3月,馬克龍要求線上零售商繼續營業,因為大多數實體店面在上周一法國取消封鎖令之前都處于關閉狀態。

亞馬遜堅持認為,公司從一開始便實施了新冠病毒安全防范措施,而且遠超政府的指導標準。這些舉措包括保持6英尺的社交隔離距離,將法國官方規定的一米排隊間隔變成了兩米,先于大多數其他公司為員工發放口罩。公司還在倉庫檢查員工的體溫,并加強了倉庫的清掃流程。

亞馬遜在巴黎的發言人朱莉·瓦雷特說:“我們采取了異常嚴格的舉措來保障員工的安全。”她指出,與其他所有公司一樣,當疫情來臨時,“我們沒有任何指導手冊可供參考。”

恩加爾蘭說,法國有6700萬人口,很多人都在網上購買各種物品,從電話充電器、書籍一直到洗發水,因此亞馬遜也是忙得團團轉,也導致倉庫的工作節奏變得異常緊張。他說,即便亞馬遜提升了安全舉措,但員工們依然面臨著很大的新冠病毒感染風險。“每一天都有倉庫稱又有一名員工因為感染病毒而生病。”

由于可能感覺到自身在這個歷史性時刻所扮演的重要角色,亞馬遜員工起訴亞馬遜,要求公司提供更加安全的工作環境。4月14日,一名法國法官做出了有利于員工的裁決,下令公司僅能夠配送必需品,否則將面臨每天100萬歐元(約合187萬美元)的罰款。

不過亞馬遜并沒有想方設法去弄清楚客戶所購物品是否屬于必需品,而是暫停了配送服務,所以到如今依然處于停滯狀態。瓦雷特說:“這完全沒有可操作性。什么才算是必需品?梳子算嗎?避孕套呢?”

亞馬遜在4月底對上述裁決進行了上訴,但再次以敗訴告終,然而這一次,法官將罰金削減為每違反一次罰款10萬歐元(約合10.87萬美元),并列出了允許亞馬遜配送的物品清單。即便如此,公司估計,哪怕是一個小小的錯誤每周也會給公司帶來約10億歐元的成本。亞馬遜在去年成為了法國最大的線上零售商。

恩加爾蘭承認,在某些方面,亞馬遜還是不錯的雇主。即便員工在家休息,公司也會支付100%的薪資。

然而,令他感到震驚的是,他在上周發現,亞馬遜已向法國政府申請員工薪資成本補貼,相當于在法國執行美國的工資保護計劃。

由于今年面臨6%的GDP下跌,法國政府官員拒絕了這一申請,稱這些條款并不適用亞馬遜困難員工的情形。政府還預測,給亞馬遜貸款可能會激起法國民眾的公憤,而恩加爾蘭曾簡明扼要地描述過這種憤怒。他在談論亞馬遜尋求政府幫助時說:“真不敢相信亞馬遜會這樣做。就像我一直說的那樣,亞馬遜真不知道何為羞恥。”

在看似無路可選的情況下,亞馬遜于上周上訴至法國最高院,要求取消不利于公司的上述裁決,并認為自己已經實施了影響深遠的安全舉措。

我們尚不清楚亞馬遜最終是否能勝訴,而且最高院要到數周后才可以給出答案。

然而恩加爾蘭稱,該公司員工在其中一個方面已經勝訴,即工會代表參與決定制定亞馬遜新冠疫情防范策略的要求。亞馬遜稱,這一訴求目前已經得到滿足。瓦雷特說:“我們已經開始與[工會]工作理事會協商,并希望在這一流程中得到其持續、積極的反饋。”

對于西雅圖亞馬遜總部來說,與法國工人交鋒的最終影響要遠比在法國重開其六個物流中心深遠。這一結果可能會引發數以萬計的員工在包括美國本土在內的其他地區采取類似舉措。亞馬遜在疫情期間開除美國工會積極分子的舉措已成為法國家喻戶曉的事件,而法國員工也據此提出了相應的要求,只不過法國的勞工保護力度要大得多。亞馬遜副總裁蒂姆·布雷在本月早些時候遞交了辭呈,稱公司在開除積極分子方面“畏首畏尾”。

恩加爾蘭稱,他和其他工會積極分子曾密切關注過布雷的行動。

他解釋說:“我們所做的一切并不僅僅是為了亞馬遜和法國員工,我們與美國員工進行了溝通,而且也為意大利、德國和英國的亞馬遜員工提供了建議。”

這也讓亞馬遜更有理由去努力解決法國的這場斗爭。(財富中文網)

譯者:Feb

如果你想在失業率不斷攀升、經濟深陷低迷之時與一家萬億美元的公司一較高下,那么不妨考慮一下法國,這個國家被稱為工人的天堂。

上個月,亞馬遜在法國的官司便明確地佐證了這一點。在該案中,兩名法官做出了有利于近1萬名亞馬遜員工的裁決,并告訴亞馬遜未能在疫情期間給予其員工適當的防護。美國亞馬遜員工也提出了類似的控訴,稱新冠疫情危機讓他們非常容易受到這種致命疾病的侵襲。

法國的這場斗爭讓亞馬遜在這個全球第六大經濟體中的在線業務癱瘓了四周的時間,而正是在這個期間,亞馬遜的銷量在這個閉關鎖國、充斥著新冠疫情的星球如日中天。亞馬遜的股票今年上漲了近30%。

如今,亞馬遜正在嘗試重新開啟其法國的六個物流中心,順利的話可能這周就會營業,但工會卻說:不會這么快。

團結工會法國書記史蒂芬·恩加爾蘭說:“我們會向亞馬遜提供一個非常詳細的安全計劃,如果亞馬遜不同意,那么重新營業就會遇到很大的阻力。”該工會上月起訴法國亞馬遜,由于物流中心內部環境存在風險,從而導致工會會員存在感染新冠病毒的隱患。

恩加爾蘭說:“我們可以上法院起訴他們。”

恩加爾蘭指出,自法國出現新冠疫情以來,十幾名亞馬遜員工已經感染新冠病毒,其中有一名癥狀十分嚴重,已住進位于巴黎南部的一家醫院。

幾乎就在法國總統馬克龍于3月17日宣布采取嚴厲封鎖舉措的同時,亞馬遜員工便抱怨無法在倉庫進行社交隔離,而且缺乏洗手液和口罩。這兩類物品在法國都處于超級緊缺狀態,直到最近才有所緩解,而且法國政府嚴格限制其銷量。在3月,馬克龍要求線上零售商繼續營業,因為大多數實體店面在上周一法國取消封鎖令之前都處于關閉狀態。

亞馬遜堅持認為,公司從一開始便實施了新冠病毒安全防范措施,而且遠超政府的指導標準。這些舉措包括保持6英尺的社交隔離距離,將法國官方規定的一米排隊間隔變成了兩米,先于大多數其他公司為員工發放口罩。公司還在倉庫檢查員工的體溫,并加強了倉庫的清掃流程。

亞馬遜在巴黎的發言人朱莉·瓦雷特說:“我們采取了異常嚴格的舉措來保障員工的安全。”她指出,與其他所有公司一樣,當疫情來臨時,“我們沒有任何指導手冊可供參考。”

恩加爾蘭說,法國有6700萬人口,很多人都在網上購買各種物品,從電話充電器、書籍一直到洗發水,因此亞馬遜也是忙得團團轉,也導致倉庫的工作節奏變得異常緊張。他說,即便亞馬遜提升了安全舉措,但員工們依然面臨著很大的新冠病毒感染風險。“每一天都有倉庫稱又有一名員工因為感染病毒而生病。”

由于可能感覺到自身在這個歷史性時刻所扮演的重要角色,亞馬遜員工起訴亞馬遜,要求公司提供更加安全的工作環境。4月14日,一名法國法官做出了有利于員工的裁決,下令公司僅能夠配送必需品,否則將面臨每天100萬歐元(約合187萬美元)的罰款。

不過亞馬遜并沒有想方設法去弄清楚客戶所購物品是否屬于必需品,而是暫停了配送服務,所以到如今依然處于停滯狀態。瓦雷特說:“這完全沒有可操作性。什么才算是必需品?梳子算嗎?避孕套呢?”

亞馬遜在4月底對上述裁決進行了上訴,但再次以敗訴告終,然而這一次,法官將罰金削減為每違反一次罰款10萬歐元(約合10.87萬美元),并列出了允許亞馬遜配送的物品清單。即便如此,公司估計,哪怕是一個小小的錯誤每周也會給公司帶來約10億歐元的成本。亞馬遜在去年成為了法國最大的線上零售商。

恩加爾蘭承認,在某些方面,亞馬遜還是不錯的雇主。即便員工在家休息,公司也會支付100%的薪資。

然而,令他感到震驚的是,他在上周發現,亞馬遜已向法國政府申請員工薪資成本補貼,相當于在法國執行美國的工資保護計劃。

由于今年面臨6%的GDP下跌,法國政府官員拒絕了這一申請,稱這些條款并不適用亞馬遜困難員工的情形。政府還預測,給亞馬遜貸款可能會激起法國民眾的公憤,而恩加爾蘭曾簡明扼要地描述過這種憤怒。他在談論亞馬遜尋求政府幫助時說:“真不敢相信亞馬遜會這樣做。就像我一直說的那樣,亞馬遜真不知道何為羞恥。”

在看似無路可選的情況下,亞馬遜于上周上訴至法國最高院,要求取消不利于公司的上述裁決,并認為自己已經實施了影響深遠的安全舉措。

我們尚不清楚亞馬遜最終是否能勝訴,而且最高院要到數周后才可以給出答案。

然而恩加爾蘭稱,該公司員工在其中一個方面已經勝訴,即工會代表參與決定制定亞馬遜新冠疫情防范策略的要求。亞馬遜稱,這一訴求目前已經得到滿足。瓦雷特說:“我們已經開始與[工會]工作理事會協商,并希望在這一流程中得到其持續、積極的反饋。”

對于西雅圖亞馬遜總部來說,與法國工人交鋒的最終影響要遠比在法國重開其六個物流中心深遠。這一結果可能會引發數以萬計的員工在包括美國本土在內的其他地區采取類似舉措。亞馬遜在疫情期間開除美國工會積極分子的舉措已成為法國家喻戶曉的事件,而法國員工也據此提出了相應的要求,只不過法國的勞工保護力度要大得多。亞馬遜副總裁蒂姆·布雷在本月早些時候遞交了辭呈,稱公司在開除積極分子方面“畏首畏尾”。

恩加爾蘭稱,他和其他工會積極分子曾密切關注過布雷的行動。

他解釋說:“我們所做的一切并不僅僅是為了亞馬遜和法國員工,我們與美國員工進行了溝通,而且也為意大利、德國和英國的亞馬遜員工提供了建議。”

這也讓亞馬遜更有理由去努力解決法國的這場斗爭。(財富中文網)

譯者:Feb

If you want to take on a trillion-dollar company in the midst of rising unemployment and a deep economic slump, it helps to live in worker-friendly France.

That’s clear from Amazon’s French troubles this past month as two judges have ruled in favor of nearly 10,000 workers, telling the company that it failed to properly protect them from the coronavirus—echoing accusations from Amazon workers in the U.S. that the COVID-19 crisis has left them vulnerable to a deadly disease.

The battle in France has ground Amazon’s online ordering business in the world’s sixth biggest economy to a halt for four weeks—at the very time when its sales have rocketed across the locked-down, COVID-19 planet. Amazon stock is up nearly 30% this year.

Now, as Amazon tries to reopen its six fulfillment centers in France, perhaps as soon as this week, the labor unions are saying: not so fast.

“We have a really precise security plan to propose to Amazon, and if Amazon does not agree it could be very uneasy for them to open,” says Stéphane Enjalran, national secretary for the Solidaire Union, which sued Amazon France last month claiming that its members were at risk of being infected with COVID-19 because of risky conditions inside its fulfillment centers.

“We can go to court and denounce them,” Enjalran says.

Enjalran says “dozens” of Amazon workers have fallen ill with COVID-19 since the virus hit France, with one still in serious condition in a hospital south of Paris.

Almost as soon as President Emmanuel Macron declared a severe nationwide lockdown on March 17, Amazon workers complained of being unable to social distance in warehouses and about the lack of hand sanitizer and facial masks. Both items were in dire short supply across France until recently, and the government strictly restricted their sale. Back in March, Macron had instructed online retailers to remain open since almost all stores were shut until France’s lockdown ended on last Monday.

Amazon insists that from the start it implemented COVID-19 safety measures that went far beyond the government’s guidelines. Those included social distancing of six feet, double the official one-meter rule, and issuing workers masks before most other companies. They also checked workers’ temperatures in warehouses and intensified cleaning procedures in the warehouses.

“We have put extreme measures in place to keep our people safe,” Julie Valette, Amazon spokesperson in Paris, says. Like all companies everywhere, she says, when COVID-19 hit, “there was no playbook.”

With many in the country of 67 million ordering everything from phone chargers to books to shampoo online, the company was going gangbusters, and the pace inside the warehouses hugely increased, according to Enjalran. Even Amazon’s stepped-up safety measures left workers facing big risks of infection, he says. “Each warehouse day after day was saying there was another colleague sick with COVID.”

Perhaps sensing their crucial role at a historic moment, Amazon workers sued for safer working conditions, and on April 14, a French judge ruled in their favor, ordering the company to deliver only essential items or risk being fined €1 million (about $1.87 million) a day.

Rather than having to figure out the necessity of each item ordered, Amazon instead halted its deliveries, and they remain at a standstill today. “It was absolutely not operational,” says Valette. “What was an essential product? Is a hairbrush essential? Is a condom essential?”

Amazon appealed the judge’s decision in late April and lost again, although this time, the judge cut the penalties to €100,000 (about $108,700) per violation and listed the items Amazon was permitted to ship. Even so, the company estimated that even tiny errors could cost it about €1 billion a week. Amazon last year became France’s biggest online retailer.

Enjalran concedes that in some ways, Amazon is a good employer. It is paying its French workers 100% of their salaries, despite the fact that they are idling at home.

Yet he was shocked to discover last week that Amazon had applied to the French government to cover its payroll costs, the country’s equivalent of the U.S.'s Payroll Protection Program.

Facing a 6% drop in GDP this year, French officials declined, saying that the provisions did not cover a situation like Amazon’s labor woes. The government also predicted the likely outrage that a loan to Amazon could ignite among the French—anger that Enjalran neatly summed up. “It was unbelievable,” he says of Amazon’s request for government help. “As I always say, Amazon does not know the meaning of the word shame.”

Seemingly out of options, the company appealed to the French Supreme Court last week to annul the ruling against it, arguing that it has instituted far-reaching safety measures.

It is unclear whether Amazon might finally prevail, and it could take weeks before the Supreme Court rules.

But Enjalran says workers have already won their case in one respect: their demand that union reps participate in determining Amazon’s COVID-19 strategy. That is now happening, according to Amazon. “We have started to consult with [labor] works councils and are calling for their progressive and positive input through this process,” Valette says.

For Amazon HQ, back in Seattle, its tussle with French workers has far wider consequences than reopening its six warehouses in the country. The outcome could inspire similar actions elsewhere among hundreds of thousands of workers—including in the U.S. The firing of American union activists during the pandemic has been widely publicized in France, as a mirror of what French workers have demanded—albeit in a country with far stronger labor protections. Amazon Vice President Tim Bray quit earlier this month, saying that the company had been “chickenshit” for firing the activists.

Enjalran says he and other union activists had closely followed Bray’s action.

“What we are doing was not only for Amazon and not only for French workers,” he explains. “We are connected to workers in the U.S. We are giving advice to Italian, German, British workers at Amazon.”

All the more reason for Amazon to fight to resolve its battle in France.

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