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疫情對(duì)餐飲業(yè)沖擊有多大?請(qǐng)聽三位餐廳老板的講述

Emma Hichliffe
2020-05-02

為了解新冠疫情對(duì)餐飲業(yè)的影響,以及餐飲企業(yè)如何收拾殘局,重整旗鼓,《財(cái)富》雜志采訪了三位餐廳負(fù)責(zé)人。

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新冠疫情導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,沒(méi)有一個(gè)行業(yè)能夠幸免,但到目前為止受到?jīng)_擊最嚴(yán)重的當(dāng)屬餐飲業(yè)。3月有60%的失業(yè)者來(lái)自食品和飲料行業(yè),“經(jīng)濟(jì)海嘯”的第一波浪潮已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致1,680萬(wàn)美國(guó)人申請(qǐng)失業(yè)補(bǔ)助金。就業(yè)受到的影響預(yù)示著整體經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨著巨大的沖擊。整個(gè)餐飲業(yè),包括進(jìn)入《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)的5家大型連鎖餐廳,對(duì)美國(guó)GDP的貢獻(xiàn)率約為4%,達(dá)到近1萬(wàn)億美元。

為了解新冠疫情對(duì)餐飲業(yè)的影響,以及餐飲企業(yè)如何收拾殘局,重整旗鼓,《財(cái)富》雜志采訪了三位餐廳負(fù)責(zé)人。這三家餐廳分別是不同經(jīng)營(yíng)模式的佼佼者。

布萊恩·尼科洛

Chipotle董事長(zhǎng)兼CEO

全國(guó)連鎖餐廳

2,600家門店

年收入56億美元

雇員85,000人

布萊恩·尼科洛稱,新冠疫情對(duì)Chipotle及其員工的影響“令我心碎”。對(duì)于Chipotle的新任CEO而言,疫情危機(jī)發(fā)生的時(shí)機(jī)尤其令人沮喪。因?yàn)樵谀峥坡宓念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,該連鎖餐廳通過(guò)重新設(shè)計(jì)店面和推出新菜單項(xiàng)目等,剛剛解決了早期的食品安全問(wèn)題,去年公司營(yíng)收增加了15%。

他說(shuō):“公司的所有業(yè)務(wù)按下了暫停鍵。”與其他同行一樣,連鎖餐廳Chipotle現(xiàn)在的工作重點(diǎn)是適應(yīng)新的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況:消費(fèi)者需求驟降,員工日益擔(dān)心健康和安全問(wèn)題,更不必說(shuō)長(zhǎng)期的就業(yè)保障。該品牌將門店的營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間縮短了10%,3%的門店停業(yè),并要求這些門店的員工無(wú)薪休假。停業(yè)的門店主要位于關(guān)閉的商場(chǎng)或購(gòu)物中心。其他繼續(xù)上班的小時(shí)工,在5月中旬之前可加薪10%;Chipotle員工通常有三天病假,如今在危機(jī)期間工作的員工根據(jù)工作安排可獲得最長(zhǎng)兩周帶薪病假。

尼科洛認(rèn)為,有一些長(zhǎng)期變化可能對(duì)公司是有好處的。他說(shuō),現(xiàn)在,更多顧客在晚餐時(shí),會(huì)選在通常主打午餐的連鎖餐廳。去年,該餐廳的數(shù)字訂單增加了90%,占總銷售額的18%。他預(yù)測(cè),網(wǎng)上訂餐會(huì)成為消費(fèi)者的固定習(xí)慣(雖然訂餐所產(chǎn)生的收入流很大程度上取決于Uber Eats等合作伙伴的持續(xù)成功)。尼科洛還預(yù)測(cè),在其他公司快速裁員的時(shí)候,因?yàn)檫@些消息變得焦慮不安的餐飲業(yè)員工可能開始密切關(guān)注雇主的財(cái)務(wù)健康狀況(從2015年遭遇大腸桿菌疫情之后,Chipotle一直將維持健康的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表作為首要任務(wù)):“員工會(huì)更關(guān)注公司的狀況:‘公司目前的財(cái)務(wù)健康狀況如何?當(dāng)危機(jī)來(lái)臨的時(shí)候,公司的現(xiàn)金狀況是否良好?’”

湯姆·克里奇諾

Crafted Hospitality所有人

中等規(guī)模餐飲集團(tuán)

5家Crafted Hospitality門店

4家’wichcraft門店

雇員475人

湯姆·克里奇諾對(duì)他的員工、廚師長(zhǎng)的人選和國(guó)家議員都有很高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。湯姆·克里奇諾是Crafted Hospitality和’Wichcraft餐廳的老板,也是新成立的獨(dú)立餐廳聯(lián)盟(Independent Restaurant Coalition,IRC)的創(chuàng)立者之一。如今他已經(jīng)成為餐飲業(yè)1,100萬(wàn)從業(yè)者的代言人,包括服務(wù)員、廚師、廚房工作人員和餐廳領(lǐng)位員等,正在呼吁政府提供支持。他說(shuō):“如果沒(méi)有政府的幫助,餐飲業(yè)將徹底毀滅。”克里奇諾正在游說(shuō)國(guó)會(huì)修訂《冠狀病毒援助、救濟(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全法案》(CARES Act),將餐廳經(jīng)營(yíng)的特殊情況考慮在內(nèi)。例如,該法案規(guī)定,雇主收到貸款后能夠維持就業(yè)量至少8周,即可免于償還貸款;而許多餐廳現(xiàn)在急需資金,但可能需要很久才能恢復(fù)正常營(yíng)業(yè)。克里奇諾在3月15日宣布全部餐廳停業(yè),使近500名員工只能申請(qǐng)失業(yè)補(bǔ)助金,而不是像其他高級(jí)餐廳同行一樣選擇外賣模式。他認(rèn)為,繼續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)超過(guò)了收益。他說(shuō):“如果我為了每晚一兩千美元的收入,卻讓某個(gè)員工落到使用呼吸機(jī)的地步,我絕對(duì)無(wú)法原諒自己。”

獨(dú)立餐廳聯(lián)盟呼吁政府提供新稅收優(yōu)惠和其他長(zhǎng)期支持,但對(duì)于克里奇諾來(lái)說(shuō),眼下的首要任務(wù)是讓餐飲業(yè)生存下去,繼續(xù)發(fā)揮社區(qū)基石的作用。他說(shuō):“如果沒(méi)有餐廳,我們的社區(qū)將不再是社區(qū)。建筑的底商空空蕩蕩,讓人感覺(jué)整個(gè)城市都毫無(wú)生機(jī)。”

蔡慕林(音譯)

Kopitiam共同所有人

獨(dú)立餐廳

1家門店

雇員28人

Kopitiam餐廳的蔡慕林在紐約市的唐人街。圖片來(lái)源:COURTESY OF YIN CHANG

蔡慕林的馬來(lái)西亞咖啡廳和餐廳位于曼哈頓的唐人街。當(dāng)?shù)卦?月就開始感受到新冠疫情的影響。顧客擔(dān)心在中國(guó)爆發(fā)的新型冠狀病毒,因此不再到唐人街用餐,盡管沒(méi)有任何證據(jù)證明當(dāng)?shù)卮嬖诓《尽?/font>

三個(gè)月后,Kopitiam仍在營(yíng)業(yè),但其銷售額不足正常情況下的5%。Kopitiam來(lái)自咖啡館一詞的閩南語(yǔ)。這家餐廳深深扎根于當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū),自2015年開業(yè)以來(lái)備受食客們喜愛(ài)。餐廳員工有當(dāng)?shù)氐母咧猩灿欣夏昃用瘛2棠搅趾秃献骰锇椤⒋髲N龐喬(音譯)正在盡最大努力繼續(xù)服務(wù)社區(qū)。3月17日,在紐約市命令餐廳全部停業(yè)幾天后,他們被迫要求員工無(wú)薪休假,但仍堅(jiān)持發(fā)放薪水至4月1日。他們?nèi)栽谂νㄟ^(guò)外賣訂單以及禮品卡和特價(jià)商品等獲得一些收入,比如在家制作該餐廳著名的咖椰醬吐司所使用的工具等。但挑戰(zhàn)依舊存在。蔡慕林表示,供應(yīng)商從每天送貨變成了每周送三次貨。Kopitiam餐廳在一個(gè)月內(nèi)就用光了過(guò)去兩年的全部?jī)?chǔ)蓄。

關(guān)于未來(lái),蔡慕林對(duì)唐人街的同行表示擔(dān)憂。她的餐廳備受美食評(píng)論家的好評(píng),并且精通數(shù)字業(yè)務(wù),如果她的餐廳都無(wú)法渡過(guò)難關(guān),其他餐廳會(huì)有怎樣的命運(yùn)?

但對(duì)于Kopitiam,她還沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的考慮。她說(shuō)道:“我學(xué)會(huì)了麻痹自己。如果我靜靜地坐著,就會(huì)有各種情緒涌入心頭。之前我們一直希望能夠擴(kuò)大規(guī)模,但如今我們的所有努力都化為了泡影。如果這種事情再次發(fā)生,我們?cè)趺幢WC自己能平安無(wú)事呢?”?(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

本文另一版本登載于《財(cái)富》雜志2020年5月刊,標(biāo)題為《疫情中的餐飲業(yè)》。

譯者:Biz

新冠疫情導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,沒(méi)有一個(gè)行業(yè)能夠幸免,但到目前為止受到?jīng)_擊最嚴(yán)重的當(dāng)屬餐飲業(yè)。3月有60%的失業(yè)者來(lái)自食品和飲料行業(yè),“經(jīng)濟(jì)海嘯”的第一波浪潮已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致1,680萬(wàn)美國(guó)人申請(qǐng)失業(yè)補(bǔ)助金。就業(yè)受到的影響預(yù)示著整體經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨著巨大的沖擊。整個(gè)餐飲業(yè),包括進(jìn)入《財(cái)富》美國(guó)500強(qiáng)的5家大型連鎖餐廳,對(duì)美國(guó)GDP的貢獻(xiàn)率約為4%,達(dá)到近1萬(wàn)億美元。

為了解新冠疫情對(duì)餐飲業(yè)的影響,以及餐飲企業(yè)如何收拾殘局,重整旗鼓,《財(cái)富》雜志采訪了三位餐廳負(fù)責(zé)人。這三家餐廳分別是不同經(jīng)營(yíng)模式的佼佼者。

布萊恩·尼科洛

Chipotle董事長(zhǎng)兼CEO

全國(guó)連鎖餐廳

2,600家門店

年收入56億美元

雇員85,000人

布萊恩·尼科洛稱,新冠疫情對(duì)Chipotle及其員工的影響“令我心碎”。對(duì)于Chipotle的新任CEO而言,疫情危機(jī)發(fā)生的時(shí)機(jī)尤其令人沮喪。因?yàn)樵谀峥坡宓念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,該連鎖餐廳通過(guò)重新設(shè)計(jì)店面和推出新菜單項(xiàng)目等,剛剛解決了早期的食品安全問(wèn)題,去年公司營(yíng)收增加了15%。

他說(shuō):“公司的所有業(yè)務(wù)按下了暫停鍵。”與其他同行一樣,連鎖餐廳Chipotle現(xiàn)在的工作重點(diǎn)是適應(yīng)新的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況:消費(fèi)者需求驟降,員工日益擔(dān)心健康和安全問(wèn)題,更不必說(shuō)長(zhǎng)期的就業(yè)保障。該品牌將門店的營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間縮短了10%,3%的門店停業(yè),并要求這些門店的員工無(wú)薪休假。停業(yè)的門店主要位于關(guān)閉的商場(chǎng)或購(gòu)物中心。其他繼續(xù)上班的小時(shí)工,在5月中旬之前可加薪10%;Chipotle員工通常有三天病假,如今在危機(jī)期間工作的員工根據(jù)工作安排可獲得最長(zhǎng)兩周帶薪病假。

尼科洛認(rèn)為,有一些長(zhǎng)期變化可能對(duì)公司是有好處的。他說(shuō),現(xiàn)在,更多顧客在晚餐時(shí),會(huì)選在通常主打午餐的連鎖餐廳。去年,該餐廳的數(shù)字訂單增加了90%,占總銷售額的18%。他預(yù)測(cè),網(wǎng)上訂餐會(huì)成為消費(fèi)者的固定習(xí)慣(雖然訂餐所產(chǎn)生的收入流很大程度上取決于Uber Eats等合作伙伴的持續(xù)成功)。尼科洛還預(yù)測(cè),在其他公司快速裁員的時(shí)候,因?yàn)檫@些消息變得焦慮不安的餐飲業(yè)員工可能開始密切關(guān)注雇主的財(cái)務(wù)健康狀況(從2015年遭遇大腸桿菌疫情之后,Chipotle一直將維持健康的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表作為首要任務(wù)):“員工會(huì)更關(guān)注公司的狀況:‘公司目前的財(cái)務(wù)健康狀況如何?當(dāng)危機(jī)來(lái)臨的時(shí)候,公司的現(xiàn)金狀況是否良好?’”

湯姆·克里奇諾

Crafted Hospitality所有人

中等規(guī)模餐飲集團(tuán)

5家Crafted Hospitality門店

4家’wichcraft門店

雇員475人

湯姆·克里奇諾對(duì)他的員工、廚師長(zhǎng)的人選和國(guó)家議員都有很高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。湯姆·克里奇諾是Crafted Hospitality和’Wichcraft餐廳的老板,也是新成立的獨(dú)立餐廳聯(lián)盟(Independent Restaurant Coalition,IRC)的創(chuàng)立者之一。如今他已經(jīng)成為餐飲業(yè)1,100萬(wàn)從業(yè)者的代言人,包括服務(wù)員、廚師、廚房工作人員和餐廳領(lǐng)位員等,正在呼吁政府提供支持。他說(shuō):“如果沒(méi)有政府的幫助,餐飲業(yè)將徹底毀滅。”克里奇諾正在游說(shuō)國(guó)會(huì)修訂《冠狀病毒援助、救濟(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全法案》(CARES Act),將餐廳經(jīng)營(yíng)的特殊情況考慮在內(nèi)。例如,該法案規(guī)定,雇主收到貸款后能夠維持就業(yè)量至少8周,即可免于償還貸款;而許多餐廳現(xiàn)在急需資金,但可能需要很久才能恢復(fù)正常營(yíng)業(yè)。克里奇諾在3月15日宣布全部餐廳停業(yè),使近500名員工只能申請(qǐng)失業(yè)補(bǔ)助金,而不是像其他高級(jí)餐廳同行一樣選擇外賣模式。他認(rèn)為,繼續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)超過(guò)了收益。他說(shuō):“如果我為了每晚一兩千美元的收入,卻讓某個(gè)員工落到使用呼吸機(jī)的地步,我絕對(duì)無(wú)法原諒自己。”

獨(dú)立餐廳聯(lián)盟呼吁政府提供新稅收優(yōu)惠和其他長(zhǎng)期支持,但對(duì)于克里奇諾來(lái)說(shuō),眼下的首要任務(wù)是讓餐飲業(yè)生存下去,繼續(xù)發(fā)揮社區(qū)基石的作用。他說(shuō):“如果沒(méi)有餐廳,我們的社區(qū)將不再是社區(qū)。建筑的底商空空蕩蕩,讓人感覺(jué)整個(gè)城市都毫無(wú)生機(jī)。”

蔡慕林(音譯)

Kopitiam共同所有人

獨(dú)立餐廳

1家門店

雇員28人

蔡慕林的馬來(lái)西亞咖啡廳和餐廳位于曼哈頓的唐人街。當(dāng)?shù)卦?月就開始感受到新冠疫情的影響。顧客擔(dān)心在中國(guó)爆發(fā)的新型冠狀病毒,因此不再到唐人街用餐,盡管沒(méi)有任何證據(jù)證明當(dāng)?shù)卮嬖诓《尽?/p>

三個(gè)月后,Kopitiam仍在營(yíng)業(yè),但其銷售額不足正常情況下的5%。Kopitiam來(lái)自咖啡館一詞的閩南語(yǔ)。這家餐廳深深扎根于當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū),自2015年開業(yè)以來(lái)備受食客們喜愛(ài)。餐廳員工有當(dāng)?shù)氐母咧猩灿欣夏昃用瘛2棠搅趾秃献骰锇椤⒋髲N龐喬(音譯)正在盡最大努力繼續(xù)服務(wù)社區(qū)。3月17日,在紐約市命令餐廳全部停業(yè)幾天后,他們被迫要求員工無(wú)薪休假,但仍堅(jiān)持發(fā)放薪水至4月1日。他們?nèi)栽谂νㄟ^(guò)外賣訂單以及禮品卡和特價(jià)商品等獲得一些收入,比如在家制作該餐廳著名的咖椰醬吐司所使用的工具等。但挑戰(zhàn)依舊存在。蔡慕林表示,供應(yīng)商從每天送貨變成了每周送三次貨。Kopitiam餐廳在一個(gè)月內(nèi)就用光了過(guò)去兩年的全部?jī)?chǔ)蓄。

關(guān)于未來(lái),蔡慕林對(duì)唐人街的同行表示擔(dān)憂。她的餐廳備受美食評(píng)論家的好評(píng),并且精通數(shù)字業(yè)務(wù),如果她的餐廳都無(wú)法渡過(guò)難關(guān),其他餐廳會(huì)有怎樣的命運(yùn)?

但對(duì)于Kopitiam,她還沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的考慮。她說(shuō)道:“我學(xué)會(huì)了麻痹自己。如果我靜靜地坐著,就會(huì)有各種情緒涌入心頭。之前我們一直希望能夠擴(kuò)大規(guī)模,但如今我們的所有努力都化為了泡影。如果這種事情再次發(fā)生,我們?cè)趺幢WC自己能平安無(wú)事呢?”?》。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

本文另一版本登載于《財(cái)富》雜志2020年5月刊,標(biāo)題為《疫情中的餐飲業(yè)》。

譯者:Biz

The coronavirus recession has left no industry untouched, but the restaurant business is arguably the hardest hit so far. The food and beverage sector accounted for 60% of the jobs lost in March, the first wave of the tsunami that has since prompted 16.8 million Americans to apply for unemployment. The impact on those workers foreshadows a supersize blow to the economy at large. The restaurant industry—which includes five chains large enough to appear in the Fortune 500—?contributes an estimated 4% of the U.S. GDP, or roughly $1 trillion.

To get a sense of the ways in which the industry has been impacted—and how it might ultimately pick up the pieces, Fortune spoke to three restaurateurs, each leading a very different type of establishment.

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Brian Niccol

Chairman and CEO, Chipotle

National chain

2,600 locations

$5.6 billion in annual revenue

85,000 employees

The Impact of the virus on Chipotle and its employees “breaks my heart,” says Brian Niccol. The crisis comes at a particularly frustrating time for the new CEO, who was guiding the chain past its earlier food safety issues by redesigning restaurants and rolling out new menu items like carne asada—changes that helped provide a 15% bump in revenue last year.

“We’ve kind of hit the pause button on those things,” he says. Instead, Chipotle, like its chain-restaurant peers, is focused on adapting to the new reality: plunging consumer demand and a workforce increasingly concerned about its health and safety—not to mention longer-term job security. The brand has reduced hours at 10% of its stores and closed 3% of locations—mostly those in shuttered malls or shopping centers—furloughing those employees. The rest of the hourly workforce, still coming in, received a 10% pay bump through mid-May; Chipotle employees typically get three days of sick leave, and now those working during the crisis are eligible for up to two weeks of sick pay, depending on their work schedules.

Some long-term changes to the company may be positive, Niccol says. More diners are now turning to the chain, traditionally a lunch staple, for dinner, he notes. Digital orders—already up 90% last year to 18% of total sales—will, he expects, become a permanent consumer habit (although that revenue stream largely depends on the continued success of partners like Uber Eats). Niccol also predicts that restaurant industry employees, burned by rapid layoffs at other companies, may start paying closer attention to the financial health of their employers (Chipotle has prioritized a healthy balance sheet as it has recovered from its 2015 E. coli outbreak): “Employees are going to have a closer eye on, ‘What is the health of my company? How good of a cash position are they in in the event of a crisis?’”

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Tom Colicchio

Owner, Crafted Hospitality

Midsize restaurant group

5 Crafted Hospitality locations

4 ’wichcraft locations

475 employees

Tom Colicchio has high standards—for his staff, for Top Chef contestants, and for the nation’s lawmakers. As one of the founders of the newly created Independent Restaurant Coalition (IRC), the Crafted Hospitality and ’Wichcraft owner has become a spokesman for the sector’s 11 million or so servers, chefs, kitchen staff, and hosts, and is calling for government support. “Without help, the restaurant industry is going to be decimated,” he says. Colicchio is lobbying for changes to Congress’s CARES Act that account for the particularities of running a restaurant. For instance, the legislation forgives loans for companies that keep employees on the payroll for at least eight weeks after disbursement; many restaurants need the money now but suspect that it will take far longer to return to business as usual. Colicchio opted to close the doors of his establishments on March 15, sending his nearly 500 employees to file for unemployment rather than try to transfer to a takeout model as some of his fine-dining peers have done. The risk outweighed the pros of staying open, he says: “I couldn’t live with myself if, for a couple thousand dollars a night, someone may end up on a respirator.”

The IRC is pushing for new tax rebates and other longer-term support, but for Colicchio, the immediate priority is keeping the industry—and its role as a community touchstone—alive. “Our neighborhoods without restaurants aren’t neighborhoods,” he says. “Our buildings with ground floors empty—that just feels like the city is dead.”

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Moonlynn Tsai

Co-owner, Kopitiam

Independent restaurant

1 location

28 employees

It was only January when Manhattan’s Chinatown, home to Moonlynn Tsai’s Malaysian coffeehouse and restaurant, first felt the sting of the coronavirus. Diners, concerned about the new disease in China, began avoiding the area—despite an utter lack of evidence that the virus was present in the neighborhood.

Three months later, Kopitiam—named for the Hokkien word for coffeehouse—?remains open, but it’s making less than 5% of its usual sales. The beloved eatery, first opened in 2015, is deeply entrenched in the community. Its staffers are a mix of local high-schoolers and elderly residents, and Tsai and her business partner, chefKyo Pang, are trying their hardest to continue serving their neighbors. The pair furloughed their staff on March 17, days after New York City ordered restaurants to close, but paid all employees through April 1. They’ve tried to keep some revenue coming in with takeout orders, as well as gift cards and special offers like an at-home kit to build the restaurant’s famous kaya jam toast. But the challenges continue. Tsai said suppliers have gone from delivery every day to three times a week. In just a month, Kopitiam burned through all its savings from the past two years.

Looking ahead, Tsai fears for her fellow Chinatown establishments. If her restaurant—fawned over by food critics and with a savvy digital presence—can’t weather the storm, what will happen to others?

As for Kopitiam, she’s not ready to think beyond the next days. “I’ve learned to numb myself. If I start sitting still, all the emotions are going to come,” Tsai says. “We were hoping by now we could expand, but everything we had for that has been wiped out. If this happens again—how do we make sure we’ll be okay?”?

A version of this article appears in the May 2020 issue of Fortune with the headline “86 the restaurant industry?”

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