美國強生宣布,公司的新冠疫苗預計將于9月進行人體臨床試驗。這一消息不出意外贏得了一片喝彩,強生股價隨即應聲上漲6.5%。考慮到這款疫苗將作為非營利藥物上市,董事會八成正為股市的積極反應欣喜不已。投資者釋放出了明確的信號:當前的環境下,一家愿意拯救社會而不是借機大賺一筆的企業值得投資。
當然,面對眼下的危機,一些企業的股東只能通過減薪、裁員等嚴酷措施來穩定現金流。受疫情沖擊最嚴重的企業可能別無選擇,尤其是旅游、零售和餐飲企業。
但是,激進投資者正在發揮另一層作用。如今投資者開始探究,首席執行官們正在采取哪些措施,保護員工、客戶、供應商和地球生態系統。越來越多的人開始認為,那些負責任的企業、那些照顧所有利益相關者而不僅僅只關心股東的企業、那些努力追尋比利潤更重要的目標的企業,可能處于更有利的地位,可以更好地應對眼下的健康危機和即將來臨的經濟衰退。
這點也有助于解釋為何ESG(環境、社會和治理)基金的表現一直優于傳統基金。全球最大資產管理公司貝萊德集團的拉里·芬克在最近致股東的一封信中表示,此次危機是一個重新平衡投資組合、加速向更可持續世界轉變的機會。投資界明白,企業董事需要對應對緊迫的壓力,但越來越多的人也開始希望董事持續關注自己對社會和環境的長期影響。
這很明智。為什么擁有多方利益相關者的負責企業更有能力渡過充滿挑戰的時期?本文認為有四點原因。
首先是穩健的財務狀況。不信奉股東至上主義的企業往往會避免資產負債表出現過度杠桿,能夠抵制過度股票回購和特別股息的誘惑。這類企業現在可能更有能力從資本市場獲取資金。例如當前不景氣的經濟環境下,聯合利華和Engie共籌集了45億歐元(合約49億美元)資金;而卡夫亨氏、波音等其他公司卻因為過度杠桿化,不得不以巨額成本申請信貸額度,造成了更高的風險。
第二,通過醫療保健、病假工資等方式對員工加以投資的企業,將擁有更加忠誠、更加敬業的員工隊伍并從中獲益。在當前的壓力下,這些員工會愿意付出額外的努力,確保業務連貫展開,保護企業的資產和聲譽。
第三,將供應商視作合作伙伴、當下積極保護自身價值鏈的企業,將更少受到經營中斷之虞。等到經濟最終重啟后,它們將占據優勢地位。
第四,這些企業在公眾輿論方面的表現更好。近期的《愛德曼信任度調查特別報告》在調查全球1.2萬人后發現,三分之一的消費者已經開始懲罰那些未能好好應對此次危機的品牌,選擇不再購買這些品牌的產品。
令人驚訝的是,媒體正在高調報道私營部門的各種好壞行為。前一分鐘法國奢侈品巨頭路威酩軒集團還在因為利用旗下香水工廠生產免費洗手液而大受贊揚,后一分鐘公司就因為考慮申請政府援助而受到了批評。今年2月,亞馬遜首席執行官杰夫·貝佐斯承諾投資100億美元抗擊氣候,被贊為英雄;到了3月,亞馬遜員工因為個人防護裝備不足、危險工作津貼不佳而鬧起了罷工,又把公司推上了新聞焦點。企業聲譽來之不易,卻很容易丟失。
除了眼下的困境,擁有多方利益相關者的企業可能也有更好的條件應對未來其他的不確定。不要誤解我的意思,無數投機分子和機會主義者將會利用即將到來的全球經濟危機謀利。但捫心自問,你認為哪種企業最適合應對疫情后難以預測的環境?
新冠危機過后,世界將變得和以前截然不同。在發放過巨額救助金后,許多政府可能會更加關注企業的行為和表現。隨著財政赤字增加,公司稅收也會水漲船高。自由貿易的未來方向面臨著嚴重的問題。社會內部和不同社會之間的不平等將會進一步加劇,社會動蕩也將隨之加劇。
面對不確定的未來,靈活機敏的應變能力將是企業最好的資產。如果首席執行官能夠迅速采用360°視角全方位看待問題,和員工、價值鏈以及范圍更廣的社會關系更加融洽,那么他們制定策略時會帶有一定的感性和人道色彩,而那些只關心狹隘財務回報的人不會。
如果企業高管能夠放下自尊,與競爭對手、民間團體和官方機構結成開明聯盟,他們將可以更好地應對秉承干涉主義的政府和兩極分化的政治鐘擺。
這些企業會發現,創造一個更公平、更可持續社會的迫切需要不僅沒有消失,反而大幅增加了。
新冠會成為負責任企業脫穎而出的分水嶺嗎?現在還很難說。但是從現在開始,那些不止關注下個季度表現的企業、那些看到更遠大圖景的企業、那些展現出同情心和靈活能力的企業,顯然將會走上更好的發展道路。我知道我該把錢投給哪些企業了。
本文作者保羅·波爾曼是IMAGINE聯合創始人、前聯合利華首席執行官。(財富中文網)
譯者:錢功毅
美國強生宣布,公司的新冠疫苗預計將于9月進行人體臨床試驗。這一消息不出意外贏得了一片喝彩,強生股價隨即應聲上漲6.5%。考慮到這款疫苗將作為非營利藥物上市,董事會八成正為股市的積極反應欣喜不已。投資者釋放出了明確的信號:當前的環境下,一家愿意拯救社會而不是借機大賺一筆的企業值得投資。
當然,面對眼下的危機,一些企業的股東只能通過減薪、裁員等嚴酷措施來穩定現金流。受疫情沖擊最嚴重的企業可能別無選擇,尤其是旅游、零售和餐飲企業。
但是,激進投資者正在發揮另一層作用。如今投資者開始探究,首席執行官們正在采取哪些措施,保護員工、客戶、供應商和地球生態系統。越來越多的人開始認為,那些負責任的企業、那些照顧所有利益相關者而不僅僅只關心股東的企業、那些努力追尋比利潤更重要的目標的企業,可能處于更有利的地位,可以更好地應對眼下的健康危機和即將來臨的經濟衰退。
這點也有助于解釋為何ESG(環境、社會和治理)基金的表現一直優于傳統基金。全球最大資產管理公司貝萊德集團的拉里·芬克在最近致股東的一封信中表示,此次危機是一個重新平衡投資組合、加速向更可持續世界轉變的機會。投資界明白,企業董事需要對應對緊迫的壓力,但越來越多的人也開始希望董事持續關注自己對社會和環境的長期影響。
這很明智。為什么擁有多方利益相關者的負責企業更有能力渡過充滿挑戰的時期?本文認為有四點原因。
首先是穩健的財務狀況。不信奉股東至上主義的企業往往會避免資產負債表出現過度杠桿,能夠抵制過度股票回購和特別股息的誘惑。這類企業現在可能更有能力從資本市場獲取資金。例如當前不景氣的經濟環境下,聯合利華和Engie共籌集了45億歐元(合約49億美元)資金;而卡夫亨氏、波音等其他公司卻因為過度杠桿化,不得不以巨額成本申請信貸額度,造成了更高的風險。
第二,通過醫療保健、病假工資等方式對員工加以投資的企業,將擁有更加忠誠、更加敬業的員工隊伍并從中獲益。在當前的壓力下,這些員工會愿意付出額外的努力,確保業務連貫展開,保護企業的資產和聲譽。
第三,將供應商視作合作伙伴、當下積極保護自身價值鏈的企業,將更少受到經營中斷之虞。等到經濟最終重啟后,它們將占據優勢地位。
第四,這些企業在公眾輿論方面的表現更好。近期的《愛德曼信任度調查特別報告》在調查全球1.2萬人后發現,三分之一的消費者已經開始懲罰那些未能好好應對此次危機的品牌,選擇不再購買這些品牌的產品。
令人驚訝的是,媒體正在高調報道私營部門的各種好壞行為。前一分鐘法國奢侈品巨頭路威酩軒集團還在因為利用旗下香水工廠生產免費洗手液而大受贊揚,后一分鐘公司就因為考慮申請政府援助而受到了批評。今年2月,亞馬遜首席執行官杰夫·貝佐斯承諾投資100億美元抗擊氣候,被贊為英雄;到了3月,亞馬遜員工因為個人防護裝備不足、危險工作津貼不佳而鬧起了罷工,又把公司推上了新聞焦點。企業聲譽來之不易,卻很容易丟失。
除了眼下的困境,擁有多方利益相關者的企業可能也有更好的條件應對未來其他的不確定。不要誤解我的意思,無數投機分子和機會主義者將會利用即將到來的全球經濟危機謀利。但捫心自問,你認為哪種企業最適合應對疫情后難以預測的環境?
新冠危機過后,世界將變得和以前截然不同。在發放過巨額救助金后,許多政府可能會更加關注企業的行為和表現。隨著財政赤字增加,公司稅收也會水漲船高。自由貿易的未來方向面臨著嚴重的問題。社會內部和不同社會之間的不平等將會進一步加劇,社會動蕩也將隨之加劇。
面對不確定的未來,靈活機敏的應變能力將是企業最好的資產。如果首席執行官能夠迅速采用360°視角全方位看待問題,和員工、價值鏈以及范圍更廣的社會關系更加融洽,那么他們制定策略時會帶有一定的感性和人道色彩,而那些只關心狹隘財務回報的人不會。
如果企業高管能夠放下自尊,與競爭對手、民間團體和官方機構結成開明聯盟,他們將可以更好地應對秉承干涉主義的政府和兩極分化的政治鐘擺。
這些企業會發現,創造一個更公平、更可持續社會的迫切需要不僅沒有消失,反而大幅增加了。
新冠會成為負責任企業脫穎而出的分水嶺嗎?現在還很難說。但是從現在開始,那些不止關注下個季度表現的企業、那些看到更遠大圖景的企業、那些展現出同情心和靈活能力的企業,顯然將會走上更好的發展道路。我知道我該把錢投給哪些企業了。
本文作者保羅·波爾曼是IMAGINE聯合創始人、前聯合利華首席執行官。(財富中文網)
譯者:錢功毅
It’s no surprise that Johnson & Johnson won plaudits when it announced its prospective COVID-19 vaccine should go to human clinical trials by September. Given the drug will be available not-for-profit, the ensuing 6.5% share price hike must have put wide smiles on the board’s faces. The message from investors was clear: In the current climate, a company coming to society’s rescue without enriching itself is a solid bet.
Of course, in times such as these, some corporate backers will only be calmed by draconian measures to shore up cash flow, including pay cuts and layoffs. Firms hit hardest by the pandemic, particularly in travel and tourism, retail or restaurants, may have little other choice.
But being an active investor is taking on another meaning. Investors are now asking what CEOs are doing to protect their wider ecosystems of staff, customers, suppliers, and the planet. There is a growing view that responsible businesses—those which look after all their stakeholders, not just their shareholders, and which strive to serve a purpose bigger than profits—may be better placed already to weather the immediate health crisis and economic downturn ahead.
This helps explain why ESG (environmental, social, and governance) funds have been outperforming conventional rivals. In a recent letter to shareholders, BlackRock’s Larry Fink, the world’s largest asset manager, presented the crisis as an opportunity to rebalance portfolios and accelerate the shift to a more sustainable world. The investment community recognises the need for directors to respond to urgent pressures, but increasingly expects them to keep focused on their longer-term social and environmental impact, too.
This is smart. There are four reasons why responsible, multi-stakeholder businesses are more likely to show resilience in challenging times.
The first relates to sound finances. Companies that have broken with the doctrine of shareholder primacy tend to avoid overleveraging their balance sheets, resisting the lure of excessive share buybacks and special dividends. Those firms may now prove more able to access the capital markets, as seen when Unilever and Engie raised €4.5 billion (around $4.9 billion) combined despite the current slump. Others, including Kraft Heinz and Boeing, are having to call on lines of credit at tremendous expense because their companies are already overleveraged, creating higher risk.
Second, businesses that invest in their employees, including health care and sick pay, will benefit from a more loyal and engaged workforce. That’s a workforce willing to go the extra mile to assure business continuity and protect corporate assets and reputation during these times of stress.
Third, companies that treat their suppliers like partners, and are now actively protecting their value chains, will see less disruption and be at an advantage when the economy eventually restarts.
Fourth, these companies fare better in the court of public opinion. One in three consumers are already punishing brands for responding poorly to the crisis by no longer buying from those brands, according to a recent Edelman Trust Barometer Special Report that surveyed 12,000 people globally.
And it is striking how loudly the media is noting good and bad private sector behavior. One minute French luxury goods giant LVMH is praised for using its perfume factories to produce free hand sanitizer, the next it’s criticized for considering state aid. In February, Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos was a hero for pledging $10 billion to fight climate change. By March, Amazon was back in the news for staff walkouts over insufficient personal protective equipment and unsatisfactory hazard pay. Corporate reputations are hard won and easily lost.
Beyond today’s troubles, multi-stakeholder firms may also be better equipped for uncertain times ahead. Don’t get me wrong, countless profiteers and opportunists will capitalize on the coming misery in the global economy. But ask yourself, which kinds of companies will be best placed to navigate the unpredictability of the post-pandemic environment?
The world which emerges from this COVID-19 crisis will look different. Having handed out huge bailouts, many governments are likely to take a much greater interest in businesses’ behavior and performance. As fiscal deficits rise, so too will corporate taxes. Serious questions hang over the future direction of open trade. Inequality will grow in and between societies, and so will social unrest.
In this undetermined future, agility will be a company’s best asset. CEOs who quickly adopt a 360-degree view and become more attuned to their employees, value chains, and wider society will maneuver with a degree of sensitivity and humanity not open to those still focused solely on narrow financial returns.
C-suites able to put ego aside and forge enlightened alliances with their competitors, civil society, and official agencies will be better positioned to deal with interventionist governments and the pendulum of polarized politics.
And these companies will recognise that the pressing need to create a more equitable and sustainable society has not gone away, but dramatically increased.
Will coronavirus be a watershed moment for responsible business? Too soon to tell. But from this moment it’s certainly plausible that firms which think beyond the next quarter, see the bigger picture, and display compassion and dexterity are on a better path. I know who my money’s on.
Paul Polman is cofounder of IMAGINE and former CEO of Unilever.