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自己動手!美國民眾自制口罩,應對短缺

EMILY PRICE
2020-03-26

外科口罩可以過濾掉90%的病毒顆粒,用抗菌枕套制成的口罩過濾效率約為70%。

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新冠疫情期間,由于醫院對口罩的需求增加,美國各地的裁縫為醫生、護士和急救人員縫制口罩。圖片來源:OSEPH PREZIOSO/AFP—GETTY IMAGES

上周末,無論專業還是業余裁縫坐在縫紉機前時,腦中只想一件事:對抗新冠疫情的口罩怎么做?隨著醫院、養老院和急救人員使用的口罩告急,博西爾城退休人員杰西·吉萊斯皮等縫紉師組建縫紉團隊應對口罩短缺,大批制作后送去急需的地方。

自制口罩遠非理想的選擇,但在 N95口罩和外科口罩供不應求的地區,自制口罩可以延長醫用級口罩的壽命,因為醫用級口罩通??赐暌粋€病人就會扔掉。在口罩更短缺的情況下,自制口罩就是主要的防護形式。

外科口罩可以過濾掉90%的病毒顆粒,用抗菌枕套制成的口罩過濾效率約為70%。

上周五,吉萊斯皮在 Facebook上創建了 “愛心縫護”組織,截至上周日已在美國發放了1000多個自制口罩?,F在其成員已超過1600名,口罩生產速度仍然趕不上需求。吉萊斯皮經常參與救災防護,不過組織裁縫還是第一次。

吉萊斯皮告訴《財富》雜志:“我之前是 Cajun Navy Supply副總裁,今年剛剛退休。我們公司主要從事后勤工作,向災區提供人道主義救援。”

她說最初答應丈夫不會參與,但隨后發現口罩短缺的情況,也找到了幫忙的方式。

吉萊斯皮說:“之前救災主要是颶風之類。這次救助疫情有一點比較好,就是口罩都能快遞,所以各種人都能全力幫忙,不管是奶奶輩還是家庭主婦還是cosplay玩家,只要手頭有多余的布料就可以參與,真的很棒!”

“愛心縫護”組織制作的口罩。圖片來源:Amanda Raquel Leyva

吉萊斯皮之所以決定成立該縫紉組織,是因為聽醫生和護士朋友說起物資缺乏的情況,有些醫護人員甚至完全沒有個人防護設備。

她說:“從一些文章上看到護士只能戴著頭巾,臉上系著手帕,實在很可怕?!?/p>

目前,特朗普總統仍表示不會強迫公司生產口罩,盡管Hanes等一些企業表示已計劃生產。

吉萊斯皮團隊制作的口罩上都標有美國疾控中心的圖案。她用谷歌在線表單管理口罩需求和發放。團隊成員審核需求后,轉給本地裁縫制作,以便加快口罩發放。

“我最頭疼的是怎樣判斷需求緊迫程度。我們還在找更多裁縫,盡可能挖掘更多裁縫加入團隊。”

雖然吉萊斯皮的團隊規模最大,但并不是唯一一個。

上周三,因急需更多口罩,印第安納州埃文斯維爾的女執事醫院向社區請求幫助。在各界全力支持下,上周五口罩就已經能滿足需要,醫院還推出了名錄,方便其他需要口罩的團體與有可能捐贈口罩的人聯系。

截至周一,需要口罩的醫院、醫療機構和急救人員的名單已達2000個之多。

口罩供應短缺一定程度上是由于缺乏原材料。例如,賓夕法尼亞州醫用口罩面料生產商 Wazoodle fables公司最初因被認定“非必要”業務而被下令關閉。后來雖然可以重新開工,很多面料已經用盡,只得停止接收新訂單。

在華盛頓,一家名為Kass Tailored的室內裝潢公司也在為當地醫務人員制作口罩。

全美國口罩短缺問題越來越嚴重,也讓國民愈發團結。

“我覺得最酷的就是,能看到很多祖母帶著12歲的孫女坐在縫紉機前,教孫女縫東西。在瘋狂的疫情中,我們熱愛的傳統也在大舉回歸,”吉萊斯皮說。她認為人們趕工口罩支援前線就像當代的“鉚工露絲”(二戰時期,美國大批男性去前線參戰,國內大量工廠職位空缺,政府鼓勵女性走進工廠為戰事貢獻力量——譯者注),“只不過這次的工具變成了縫紉機和法蘭絨?!保ㄘ敻恢形木W)

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

上周末,無論專業還是業余裁縫坐在縫紉機前時,腦中只想一件事:對抗新冠疫情的口罩怎么做?隨著醫院、養老院和急救人員使用的口罩告急,博西爾城退休人員杰西·吉萊斯皮等縫紉師組建縫紉團隊應對口罩短缺,大批制作后送去急需的地方。

自制口罩遠非理想的選擇,但在 N95口罩和外科口罩供不應求的地區,自制口罩可以延長醫用級口罩的壽命,因為醫用級口罩通常看完一個病人就會扔掉。在口罩更短缺的情況下,自制口罩就是主要的防護形式。

外科口罩可以過濾掉90%的病毒顆粒,用抗菌枕套制成的口罩過濾效率約為70%。

上周五,吉萊斯皮在 Facebook上創建了 “愛心縫護”組織,截至上周日已在美國發放了1000多個自制口罩?,F在其成員已超過1600名,口罩生產速度仍然趕不上需求。吉萊斯皮經常參與救災防護,不過組織裁縫還是第一次。

吉萊斯皮告訴《財富》雜志:“我之前是 Cajun Navy Supply副總裁,今年剛剛退休。我們公司主要從事后勤工作,向災區提供人道主義救援。”

她說最初答應丈夫不會參與,但隨后發現口罩短缺的情況,也找到了幫忙的方式。

吉萊斯皮說:“之前救災主要是颶風之類。這次救助疫情有一點比較好,就是口罩都能快遞,所以各種人都能全力幫忙,不管是奶奶輩還是家庭主婦還是cosplay玩家,只要手頭有多余的布料就可以參與,真的很棒!”

吉萊斯皮之所以決定成立該縫紉組織,是因為聽醫生和護士朋友說起物資缺乏的情況,有些醫護人員甚至完全沒有個人防護設備。

她說:“從一些文章上看到護士只能戴著頭巾,臉上系著手帕,實在很可怕?!?/p>

目前,特朗普總統仍表示不會強迫公司生產口罩,盡管Hanes等一些企業表示已計劃生產。

吉萊斯皮團隊制作的口罩上都標有美國疾控中心的圖案。她用谷歌在線表單管理口罩需求和發放。團隊成員審核需求后,轉給本地裁縫制作,以便加快口罩發放。

“我最頭疼的是怎樣判斷需求緊迫程度。我們還在找更多裁縫,盡可能挖掘更多裁縫加入團隊?!?/p>

雖然吉萊斯皮的團隊規模最大,但并不是唯一一個。

上周三,因急需更多口罩,印第安納州埃文斯維爾的女執事醫院向社區請求幫助。在各界全力支持下,上周五口罩就已經能滿足需要,醫院還推出了名錄,方便其他需要口罩的團體與有可能捐贈口罩的人聯系。

截至周一,需要口罩的醫院、醫療機構和急救人員的名單已達2000個之多。

口罩供應短缺一定程度上是由于缺乏原材料。例如,賓夕法尼亞州醫用口罩面料生產商 Wazoodle fables公司最初因被認定“非必要”業務而被下令關閉。后來雖然可以重新開工,很多面料已經用盡,只得停止接收新訂單。

在華盛頓,一家名為Kass Tailored的室內裝潢公司也在為當地醫務人員制作口罩。

全美國口罩短缺問題越來越嚴重,也讓國民愈發團結。

“我覺得最酷的就是,能看到很多祖母帶著12歲的孫女坐在縫紉機前,教孫女縫東西。在瘋狂的疫情中,我們熱愛的傳統也在大舉回歸,”吉萊斯皮說。她認為人們趕工口罩支援前線就像當代的“鉚工露絲”(二戰時期,美國大批男性去前線參戰,國內大量工廠職位空缺,政府鼓勵女性走進工廠為戰事貢獻力量——譯者注),“只不過這次的工具變成了縫紉機和法蘭絨。”(財富中文網)

譯者:梁宇

審校:夏林

This weekend U.S. seamstresses both professional and amateur sat down in front of their sewing machines with just one pattern on their mind: face masks for healthcare workers battling the COVID-19 outbreak. With hospitals, senior homes, and first responders putting out desperate calls for masks, sewists including Jessy Gillespie, a retiree in Bossier City, La., created groups to field urgent requests, pass them along to other seamstresses, and then distribute the masks where needed.

Handmade masks are far from ideal, but in areas where N95 masks and surgical masks are in short supply, handmade masks are being used to extend the life of medical-grade masks, which would typically be disposed of after seeing a single patient. In some cases, where there's an even greater shortage, homemade masks are being used as a primary form of protection.

While a surgical mask can filter 90% of virus-sized particles, a mask made of, say, an anti-microbial pillowcase filters about 70%.

Gillespie founded her Facebook group "Sew You Care" on Friday. By Sunday the group had distributed more than 1,000 handmade masks around the country. Now, even with more than 1,600 members, the group is struggling to keep up with the need. Gillespie is a longtime organizer for relief efforts, though this is her first time calling on sewing enthusiasts.

“I recently retired from it this year, but I was the vice president of Cajun Navy Supply. We specialized in logistics getting humanitarian aid into disaster areas,” Gillespie told Fortune.

She said she originally promised her husband she wouldn’t get involved, but then she saw the need for masks and a way to help.

“I usually do hurricanes and stuff like that,” Gillespie said. "What's really cool about this is that we can just mail them, so we can have people working all over, from grandmothers to stay-at-home moms to cosplayers. Everybody that has a little bit of extra fabric is jumping in on this and it's awesome.”

She decided to create the group after talking to friends that are doctors and nurses that said they had limited, or in some cases, no personal protective equipment (also known as PPE).

“I started seeing articles being shared that are saying these nurses are wearing bandanas, they’re wearing handkerchief’s tied across their faces,” she said. “It became a very scary realization.”

So far, President Trump has said that he will not compel companies to make masks, although some, including Hanes, have said they plan to.

Gillespie’s group is using a pattern for masks provided by the CDC. She’s organizing requests and the distribution of the masks through Google forms. Requests for masks are vetted by a team member, and then those requests are matched with a seamstress in the area where those masks are needed so they can be distributed quickly.

“What caught me really off guard is how badly they’re actually needed,” Gillespie said. “We're looking for more seamstresses. Currently, we're trying to root them out of everywhere that we can find them.”

While Gillespie’s group of seamstresses is one of the largest, it’s definitely not the only one.

Running low on masks, Deaconess Hospital in Evansville, Ind. put out a request last Wednesday asking for the community to sew masks. Thanks to an overwhelming amount of support, by Friday it was able to meet its demand and launch a directory to connect other groups that need masks with people that can potentially donate them.

As of Monday, the?list of hospitals, medical facilities, and first responders that need masks was 2000 places long.

That need may be due, at least in part, to a lack of available materials. For instance, Wazoodle Fabrics in Pennsylvania, which makes medical-grade fabric for masks, was originally ordered to close because it was deemed a “non-essential” business. The manufacturer was later allowed to reopen and is now sold out of many of its fabrics and, for now, had to stop accepting new ones.

In Washington, an upholstery business, Kass Tailored, has been making masksfor local medical workers.

The lack of masks is a problem that's getting worse around the country, but it's also one that's bringing people together as well.

"The coolest thing to me is that you're seeing so many posts of grandmothers sitting down with their 12-year-old granddaughters and teaching them how to sew. This art form that we all love so much is making a huge comeback in a really crazy time," Gillespie said. She compares the work to being a modern-day Rosie the Riveter, "except with sewing machines and flannel."

財富中文網所刊載內容之知識產權為財富媒體知識產權有限公司及/或相關權利人專屬所有或持有。未經許可,禁止進行轉載、摘編、復制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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