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美國零售巨頭忙自救,電商是出路嗎?

雖然美國的電商業(yè)務(wù)在增長,大多數(shù)零售商還是離不開實(shí)體店。因此如何將實(shí)體店和網(wǎng)購結(jié)合,將變成為走出困境的重點(diǎn)之一。

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SARS疫情后,淘寶、京東等電商,及順豐等快遞業(yè)務(wù)等迅速發(fā)展,至今已穩(wěn)占市場。到了今天,直播、團(tuán)購、二手電商乃至無人電商等新式電商也早已拼的如火如荼。

今年的新冠病毒疫情,則同樣既是危機(jī),又是機(jī)遇。一方面,本來就蕭條萎縮的傳統(tǒng)零售業(yè)損失更加慘重;另一面,疫情進(jìn)一步推動了超市和便利店的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,生鮮電商、健康電商等業(yè)務(wù)更是得到快速增長。對本來就競爭激烈的國內(nèi)電商業(yè)而言,供應(yīng)鏈管理、冷鏈物流、質(zhì)量檢測等關(guān)鍵競爭因素將決定最終的洗牌結(jié)果。

美國的零售業(yè)同樣因疫情經(jīng)受挑戰(zhàn)。從諾德斯特龍百貨公司,蘋果商店,到蔻馳等各大品牌,都紛紛宣布關(guān)閉門店至少到三月末。

數(shù)千萬美國人將把大量的時間花在網(wǎng)上,因此人們禁不住會想,實(shí)體店關(guān)閉留出的空缺,電商可以來輕松填補(bǔ)。

但這種想法實(shí)際上忽視了一些因素,例如,經(jīng)濟(jì)正急轉(zhuǎn)直下,裁員和股市低迷的新聞接踵而來,消費(fèi)者緊張不安;和中國不同的是,美國大多數(shù)零售商還是離不開實(shí)體店,傳統(tǒng)零售商可能一定程度上要依靠門店來支持網(wǎng)上銷售;另外,零售商對電子商務(wù)的準(zhǔn)備程度也參差不齊。

“電商不是救世主。”零售咨詢公司GlobalData Retail的總經(jīng)理尼爾·桑德斯警告說。實(shí)體零售商可能很快就會關(guān)閉大批門店。美國最大的百貨商場美國購物中心在周二宣布暫停營業(yè)兩周。彭博新聞周二報道稱,截止到3月13日的這周,美國零售商的周客流量減少了31%,而這周之后,美國開始執(zhí)行更嚴(yán)格的限制措施。周二,新澤西州宣布所有室內(nèi)商場全部關(guān)閉。

根據(jù)美國商務(wù)部的數(shù)據(jù),上個月,在線銷售和目錄銷售占總零售消費(fèi)額(不含餐廳和汽車消費(fèi))的17%。雖然關(guān)于電商增長的報道很多,但絕大多數(shù)零售額依舊來自實(shí)體店。(亞馬遜公司本周宣布將額外招聘10萬名員工以應(yīng)對激增的業(yè)務(wù),但周二又稱將暫停賣家向其倉庫發(fā)貨。)

遭受多年的打擊之后,許多零售商終于找到了與亞馬遜競爭的方法:利用實(shí)體店作為額外的分銷中心和商品退換點(diǎn),并在規(guī)劃和商品采購方面全面整合數(shù)字與實(shí)體銷售。

沃爾瑪和塔吉特都投入了數(shù)十億美元進(jìn)行店鋪改造,提供網(wǎng)購訂單開車自提服務(wù),或從遍布全美的門店直接發(fā)貨。諾德斯特龍的在線銷售額則占了35%,其利用不斷擴(kuò)大的小型門店網(wǎng)絡(luò),更方便提取訂單,而且用戶不需要前往大商場就可以退換貨物。

越是走網(wǎng)購科技路線的零售商,越是得到豐厚的回報:塔吉特稱在假日銷售季期間,80%的網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售增長都來自于當(dāng)日提取服務(wù),或是店內(nèi)訂單自提,或是店外免下車送貨。科爾百貨假日季期間的在線訂單,約一半是店內(nèi)自提訂單。沃爾瑪則利用店內(nèi)商品滿足了大部分網(wǎng)購食品和日用品訂單,在這方面他們領(lǐng)先于亞馬遜。

這些零售商走網(wǎng)購路線的最大的好處是,因?yàn)榇罅渴褂瞄T店進(jìn)行訂單自提、發(fā)貨和退換貨,這就降低了貨運(yùn)成本,縮短了送貨時間。塔吉特稱,近期在線訂單的“經(jīng)濟(jì)性”或“盈利情況”與店內(nèi)銷售的情況基本相同。不過,桑德斯認(rèn)為,如果連鎖零售商沒有大量或有效使用實(shí)體店的話,那么在線銷售則很難能實(shí)現(xiàn)盈利。

沃爾瑪和塔吉特幸運(yùn)的是,因?yàn)檫@兩家超市店內(nèi)有藥店和食品銷售,所以門店在疫情期間會繼續(xù)開放。

但諾德斯特龍?jiān)谥芤煌硇r候宣布,所有門店將關(guān)閉兩周時間。擁有40億美元在線業(yè)務(wù)的蓋璞集團(tuán)同樣將暫時關(guān)閉所有門店。這些零售商會失去電子商務(wù)的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn),銷售受到很大損害。

在當(dāng)前混局中,表現(xiàn)最好的依舊是電商業(yè)務(wù)強(qiáng)大的公司,根據(jù)咨詢和研究公司Customer Growth Partners的總裁克雷格·約翰遜的定義,這些公司的銷售額中,至少有20%來自網(wǎng)購。

這些公司包括梅西百貨、家得寶、科爾士百貨、諾德斯特龍和威廉姆斯-索諾瑪?shù)取5簿妫幢闶菢I(yè)績最好的連鎖零售商,在關(guān)店期間,能保持住的實(shí)體銷售額可能都不到原來的40%。

因此,新冠疫情可能會擴(kuò)大在線零售的贏家和輸家之間的差距。這意味著,如果零售商應(yīng)用程序或網(wǎng)站做得好,掌握著豐富的數(shù)據(jù)和在線客戶群,他們就更有能力滿足購物者的需求,或者向購物者推薦相應(yīng)的交易或服務(wù)。“這些零售商懂他們最忠誠的客戶,一直在了解他們。”約翰遜說。

超市變成自提點(diǎn)

為了緩解疫情帶來的損失,一種方法是充分利用本來要關(guān)閉的門店,把它們作為電商訂單自提點(diǎn),這類似于許多美國餐廳目前的做法:允許顧客自提外賣訂單,但不能在店內(nèi)用餐。

“他們會繼續(xù)經(jīng)營這些店鋪,但不對客戶開放,而是成為‘幕后商場’。”市場研究公司Forrester的分析師蘇查雷塔·柯達(dá)里說。沃爾瑪、塔吉特、百思買和家得寶等連鎖零售商大部分都有獨(dú)立門店,他們擁有最大的余地是,如果一旦不得不關(guān)店,至少可以把這些門店改造成自提點(diǎn)。

分析師們都認(rèn)為,在網(wǎng)購方面仍在苦苦追趕的零售商,將成為最大的輸家。彭尼百貨在疫情前就已經(jīng)存在顧客流失和銷量萎縮的問題,他們最近聘請了一位首席數(shù)字官,對網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代化升級,但這意味著一旦門店不得不縮短運(yùn)營時間或者關(guān)閉,彭尼百貨將面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。

CGP公司的約翰遜預(yù)測,受疫情影響,在線銷售額在美國零售總額中所占的比例將迅速增加到20%,但這只是說明,在線業(yè)務(wù)表現(xiàn)好的零售商,蒙受的損失比較輕而已。而且,在線銷售占比增長的一部分原因只是數(shù)學(xué)上的結(jié)果,即零售額下降導(dǎo)致分母變小,至少在本季度,零售額下降將不可避免。而在電子商務(wù)方面反應(yīng)遲緩的零售商,會更加落后。

約翰遜表示,如果一家零售商的在線業(yè)務(wù)占比低于10%至20%,這就代表它的前景不容樂觀。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Biz

責(zé)編:雨晨

SARS疫情后,淘寶、京東等電商,及順豐等快遞業(yè)務(wù)等迅速發(fā)展,至今已穩(wěn)占市場。到了今天,直播、團(tuán)購、二手電商乃至無人電商等新式電商也早已拼的如火如荼。

今年的新冠病毒疫情,則同樣既是危機(jī),又是機(jī)遇。一方面,本來就蕭條萎縮的傳統(tǒng)零售業(yè)損失更加慘重;另一面,疫情進(jìn)一步推動了超市和便利店的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,生鮮電商、健康電商等業(yè)務(wù)更是得到快速增長。對本來就競爭激烈的國內(nèi)電商業(yè)而言,供應(yīng)鏈管理、冷鏈物流、質(zhì)量檢測等關(guān)鍵競爭因素將決定最終的洗牌結(jié)果。

美國的零售業(yè)同樣因疫情經(jīng)受挑戰(zhàn)。從諾德斯特龍百貨公司,蘋果商店,到蔻馳等各大品牌,都紛紛宣布關(guān)閉門店至少到三月末。

數(shù)千萬美國人將把大量的時間花在網(wǎng)上,因此人們禁不住會想,實(shí)體店關(guān)閉留出的空缺,電商可以來輕松填補(bǔ)。

但這種想法實(shí)際上忽視了一些因素,例如,經(jīng)濟(jì)正急轉(zhuǎn)直下,裁員和股市低迷的新聞接踵而來,消費(fèi)者緊張不安;和中國不同的是,美國大多數(shù)零售商還是離不開實(shí)體店,傳統(tǒng)零售商可能一定程度上要依靠門店來支持網(wǎng)上銷售;另外,零售商對電子商務(wù)的準(zhǔn)備程度也參差不齊。

“電商不是救世主。”零售咨詢公司GlobalData Retail的總經(jīng)理尼爾·桑德斯警告說。實(shí)體零售商可能很快就會關(guān)閉大批門店。美國最大的百貨商場美國購物中心在周二宣布暫停營業(yè)兩周。彭博新聞周二報道稱,截止到3月13日的這周,美國零售商的周客流量減少了31%,而這周之后,美國開始執(zhí)行更嚴(yán)格的限制措施。周二,新澤西州宣布所有室內(nèi)商場全部關(guān)閉。

根據(jù)美國商務(wù)部的數(shù)據(jù),上個月,在線銷售和目錄銷售占總零售消費(fèi)額(不含餐廳和汽車消費(fèi))的17%。雖然關(guān)于電商增長的報道很多,但絕大多數(shù)零售額依舊來自實(shí)體店。(亞馬遜公司本周宣布將額外招聘10萬名員工以應(yīng)對激增的業(yè)務(wù),但周二又稱將暫停賣家向其倉庫發(fā)貨。)

遭受多年的打擊之后,許多零售商終于找到了與亞馬遜競爭的方法:利用實(shí)體店作為額外的分銷中心和商品退換點(diǎn),并在規(guī)劃和商品采購方面全面整合數(shù)字與實(shí)體銷售。

沃爾瑪和塔吉特都投入了數(shù)十億美元進(jìn)行店鋪改造,提供網(wǎng)購訂單開車自提服務(wù),或從遍布全美的門店直接發(fā)貨。諾德斯特龍的在線銷售額則占了35%,其利用不斷擴(kuò)大的小型門店網(wǎng)絡(luò),更方便提取訂單,而且用戶不需要前往大商場就可以退換貨物。

越是走網(wǎng)購科技路線的零售商,越是得到豐厚的回報:塔吉特稱在假日銷售季期間,80%的網(wǎng)絡(luò)銷售增長都來自于當(dāng)日提取服務(wù),或是店內(nèi)訂單自提,或是店外免下車送貨。科爾百貨假日季期間的在線訂單,約一半是店內(nèi)自提訂單。沃爾瑪則利用店內(nèi)商品滿足了大部分網(wǎng)購食品和日用品訂單,在這方面他們領(lǐng)先于亞馬遜。

這些零售商走網(wǎng)購路線的最大的好處是,因?yàn)榇罅渴褂瞄T店進(jìn)行訂單自提、發(fā)貨和退換貨,這就降低了貨運(yùn)成本,縮短了送貨時間。塔吉特稱,近期在線訂單的“經(jīng)濟(jì)性”或“盈利情況”與店內(nèi)銷售的情況基本相同。不過,桑德斯認(rèn)為,如果連鎖零售商沒有大量或有效使用實(shí)體店的話,那么在線銷售則很難能實(shí)現(xiàn)盈利。

沃爾瑪和塔吉特幸運(yùn)的是,因?yàn)檫@兩家超市店內(nèi)有藥店和食品銷售,所以門店在疫情期間會繼續(xù)開放。

但諾德斯特龍?jiān)谥芤煌硇r候宣布,所有門店將關(guān)閉兩周時間。擁有40億美元在線業(yè)務(wù)的蓋璞集團(tuán)同樣將暫時關(guān)閉所有門店。這些零售商會失去電子商務(wù)的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn),銷售受到很大損害。

在當(dāng)前混局中,表現(xiàn)最好的依舊是電商業(yè)務(wù)強(qiáng)大的公司,根據(jù)咨詢和研究公司Customer Growth Partners的總裁克雷格·約翰遜的定義,這些公司的銷售額中,至少有20%來自網(wǎng)購。

這些公司包括梅西百貨、家得寶、科爾士百貨、諾德斯特龍和威廉姆斯-索諾瑪?shù)取5簿妫幢闶菢I(yè)績最好的連鎖零售商,在關(guān)店期間,能保持住的實(shí)體銷售額可能都不到原來的40%。

因此,新冠疫情可能會擴(kuò)大在線零售的贏家和輸家之間的差距。這意味著,如果零售商應(yīng)用程序或網(wǎng)站做得好,掌握著豐富的數(shù)據(jù)和在線客戶群,他們就更有能力滿足購物者的需求,或者向購物者推薦相應(yīng)的交易或服務(wù)。“這些零售商懂他們最忠誠的客戶,一直在了解他們。”約翰遜說。

超市變成自提點(diǎn)

為了緩解疫情帶來的損失,一種方法是充分利用本來要關(guān)閉的門店,把它們作為電商訂單自提點(diǎn),這類似于許多美國餐廳目前的做法:允許顧客自提外賣訂單,但不能在店內(nèi)用餐。

“他們會繼續(xù)經(jīng)營這些店鋪,但不對客戶開放,而是成為‘幕后商場’。”市場研究公司Forrester的分析師蘇查雷塔·柯達(dá)里說。沃爾瑪、塔吉特、百思買和家得寶等連鎖零售商大部分都有獨(dú)立門店,他們擁有最大的余地是,如果一旦不得不關(guān)店,至少可以把這些門店改造成自提點(diǎn)。

分析師們都認(rèn)為,在網(wǎng)購方面仍在苦苦追趕的零售商,將成為最大的輸家。彭尼百貨在疫情前就已經(jīng)存在顧客流失和銷量萎縮的問題,他們最近聘請了一位首席數(shù)字官,對網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行現(xiàn)代化升級,但這意味著一旦門店不得不縮短運(yùn)營時間或者關(guān)閉,彭尼百貨將面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。

CGP公司的約翰遜預(yù)測,受疫情影響,在線銷售額在美國零售總額中所占的比例將迅速增加到20%,但這只是說明,在線業(yè)務(wù)表現(xiàn)好的零售商,蒙受的損失比較輕而已。而且,在線銷售占比增長的一部分原因只是數(shù)學(xué)上的結(jié)果,即零售額下降導(dǎo)致分母變小,至少在本季度,零售額下降將不可避免。而在電子商務(wù)方面反應(yīng)遲緩的零售商,會更加落后。

約翰遜表示,如果一家零售商的在線業(yè)務(wù)占比低于10%至20%,這就代表它的前景不容樂觀。(財富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:Biz

責(zé)編:雨晨

With stores from Nordstrom and Apple to Hollister and Coach closed until at least late March, and tens of millions of Americans spending far more time at their computers, it's tempting to think e-commerce can simply pick up the slack for brick-and-mortar chains.

But that would ignore factors like an almost certain sharp economic downturnas nervous consumers digest headlines of layoffs and a swooning stock market; how much traditional retailers have come to rely on their stores to support digital sales; and the wide discrepancy of e-commerce readiness among retailers.

"E-commerce is no savior," warned Neil Saunders, managing director of GlobalData Retail. And brick-and-mortar retailers are likely to face many additional closings, and soon—Mall of America, the biggest in the country, said Tuesday it was closing for two weeks. Bloomberg News on Tuesday reported that foot traffic to U.S. retailers fell 31%?in the week ended March 13, before deeper restrictions were imposed. New Jersey on Tuesday ordered all indoor malls closed.

According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, online and catalogue sales represented 17% of total retail spending (excluding restaurant and car expenses) last month. So for all of the hoopla about the growth in e-commerce, the vast majority of retail happens in physical stores. (Still, Amazon said this week it was hiring another 100,000 workers to help it with the surge and on Tuesday said it would halt shipments from marketplace sellers to its warehouses.)

After years of false starts, many retailers finally figured out how to compete with Amazon: use those stores as additional distribution centers, places to return items and fully integrate the digital and the physical in terms of planning and merchandise buying.

Walmart and Target have each spent billions retrofitting stores to enable drive-up online order pick-up and allow them to ship items from their stores that dot the country. Nordstrom, which gets 35% of sales online, uses a growing network of small local stores to make it easier to retrieve an order, or return something without having to go to a big department store.

And it's paying off handsomely for the most tech savvy retailers: Target said that 80% of its online sales growth over the holidays came from same-day services enabled by order pickup in the store or at a drive-up spot right outside one. About half of Kohl's online orders during the holidays are picked up at a store. And Walmart uses its store merchandise to fill most online grocery orders, something that has kept it head of Amazon on that front.

The biggest benefit to these retailers: the heavy use of stores for order pickup and shipping, and product returns cuts down on shipping costs and quickens delivery. Target said recently that the "economics" or the profitability" for online orders was about the same as it is for in-store sales. But for chains that don't use stores as widely or effectively, said Saunders, "online is nowhere near as profitable."

Lucky for Walmart and Target, because they have in-store pharmacies (at Target, they are CVS pharmacy locations) and sell food, they are set to remain open during the crisis.

But Nordstrom, which late Monday said it was closing all its stores for two weeks, and retailers like Gap Inc., which has a $4 billion online business and is also shutting all locations for the time being, will lose key nodes in their e-commerce, hurting their ability to hang on to sales.

Still, companies with a robust e-commerce offerings, which Customer Growth Partners president Craig Johnson defined as having at least 20% of sales come from their online presence, will fare the best in the currently turmoil.

That includes names such as Macy's, Home Depot, Kohl's, Nordstrom, and Williams-Sonoma. But he warned, even the best-in-class chains might be lucky to keep perhaps 40% of store sales lost during a closing.

So the coronavirus crisis is likely to deepen the gap between retail's online winners and its losers. That means those with data-rich loyalty programs that are well connected to apps and the retailer's web site are best equipped to offer shoppers what they really want, or suggest appropriate deals or services. "They know their best customers, they communicate with them," said Johnson.

Put dark stores to work

One way to mitigate the coming pain would be to use stores that are otherwise closed as e-commerce order pick-up spots. That would be akin to what many U.S. restaurants are starting to do: allowing people to pick up to-go orders but not to sit down and dine.

"They could operate the stores but not open them to customers, so have them be dark stores," said Forrester analyst Sucharita Kodali. (Chains including Walmart, Target, Best Buy, and Home Depot have, for the most part, standalone stores, giving them most leeway to use them just for pickup if they do end up closing any stores.)

The analysts agree that retailers still playing catch up on e-commerce will be the biggest losers. J.C. Penney, which is already dealing with an exodus of shoppers and dwindling sales, recently hired a new chief digital officer to finally modernize its site. That leaves the retailer challenged if the company has to operate stores at reduced hours or close them.

CGP's Johnson predict online sales as a percentage of total U.S. retail sales will quickly rise to 20% because of this crisis. But that just means retailers with good sites will lose the least. (Some of that increase will simply be the mathematical result of a lower denominator as retail sales fall, as they likely will at least during the current quarter.) E-commerce laggards will fall further behind.

"If you’re below 10[%] to 20%, you're behind the eight ball" he said.

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