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美國平均每天有130人死于過量服用阿片類藥物。

根據(jù)精算師協(xié)會（Society of Actuaries）最近的一份報告，2018年，單是濫用阿片類處方藥物造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)影響就高達(dá)1,794億美元。其中包括726億美元的死亡成本、604億美元的醫(yī)療成本、265億美元的生產(chǎn)力損失，以及109億美元的刑事司法系統(tǒng)成本。

顯然，阿片類藥物成癮危機(jī)范圍太大，任何一個實體或部門都無法單獨應(yīng)對——它影響著全社會的每一個部門。因此，一個放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的解決方案是行不通的。

現(xiàn)在，企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是時候站起來積極應(yīng)對這場危機(jī)了。通過與公共衛(wèi)生官員、民選領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和執(zhí)法部門合作，企業(yè)可以幫助完善為各地量身訂制的解決方案。

簡單地說，成癮是一個勞動力問題。如果企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者能夠介入，在保障這些員工就業(yè)的同時，為他們提供必要幫助，將會對他們的康復(fù)產(chǎn)生巨大影響。這樣可以節(jié)省與醫(yī)療保健和生產(chǎn)力損失有關(guān)的成本。而且，幫助人們渡過成癮危機(jī)可能會為公司培養(yǎng)出一批最忠誠、生產(chǎn)力最高的員工。

要做到這一點，企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人首先要評估阿片類處方藥物濫用給公司造成的影響。為了幫助公司了解藥物濫用為本公司增加的成本，美國國家安全委員會（National Safety Council）提供了一個在線計算工具，將公司的員工基礎(chǔ)、所處行業(yè)和位于哪個州都計算在內(nèi)。例如，根據(jù)該計算器的計算，在加州，對于一家擁有100名員工的零售商而言，藥物濫用每年將給其帶來近3.7萬美元的損失。

企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在公司里應(yīng)對藥物成癮問題時，還需要轉(zhuǎn)變思維方式。雖然“只有一次機(jī)會”的政策看起來似乎合乎邏輯，但實際上，考慮到要培訓(xùn)新員工而且生產(chǎn)力降低了，這種政策比其他選擇成本更高。如果雇主能夠接受上癮是一種疾病而不是性格缺陷的事實，就可以帶來新的可能性。制定政策，再給員工一次機(jī)會，給員工提供咨詢和康復(fù)資源，積極宣傳阿片類處方藥物的危害，這些都是企業(yè)能夠發(fā)揮作用的方式。向員工宣傳上癮的危險以及可供利用的資源，可以讓員工更愿意在有需要時尋求幫助。

這也有利于公司的盈利。根據(jù)美國國家安全委員會、芝加哥大學(xué)的NORC和非營利組織Shatterproof的聯(lián)合分析，每位尋求治療的員工每年可以為雇主節(jié)省近2,607美元。

此外，針對這個問題，企業(yè)應(yīng)當(dāng)積極與當(dāng)?shù)仄渌嫦嚓P(guān)方進(jìn)行溝通。全國各地許多地方的公共衛(wèi)生專家已經(jīng)為當(dāng)?shù)刂贫藨?yīng)對阿片類藥物危機(jī)的戰(zhàn)略計劃，并正在尋求一切可能的幫助來應(yīng)對這一危機(jī)。與這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者合作，確定你的公司可以為整個社區(qū)的解決方案做出哪些貢獻(xiàn)，可以以更有意義的方式幫助社區(qū)更好地解決成癮問題?？纯串?dāng)?shù)貞?zhàn)略中是否有哪個部分需要額外資源，思考如何幫助填補(bǔ)某些空白。一旦找到機(jī)會，就調(diào)動相關(guān)資源和人力協(xié)助進(jìn)行公眾教育，減少上癮，并為滿足當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的其他目標(biāo)開展工作。

企業(yè)也可以通過提供專業(yè)能力和資源來提高社區(qū)對阿片類藥物危機(jī)的應(yīng)對。提供專業(yè)知識、資金或其他資源可以增強(qiáng)公共部門和政府應(yīng)對阿片類處方藥物危機(jī)的效果。例如，公司的人力資源團(tuán)隊可以共享他們的最佳實踐和資源，幫助其他公司充分有效地解決工作場所的成癮問題。從傳播的角度來看，提供營銷團(tuán)隊的人才可能有助于公共衛(wèi)生專家更有效地加強(qiáng)公眾教育，提升公眾意識。

企業(yè)也應(yīng)該考慮對其他公司和組織施加影響，促其共同努力。作為俄亥俄州阿片類藥物教育聯(lián)盟（Ohio Opioid Education Alliance）的創(chuàng)始成員，我親眼目睹了企業(yè)聯(lián)合起來，共同努力解決當(dāng)?shù)氐陌⑵愃幬锍砂a問題。已經(jīng)有80多家當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)和組織加入了聯(lián)盟，迄今為止，它們共捐贈了800多萬美元用于資助一項針對家長和看護(hù)者的教育活動。其他企業(yè)則通過與利益相關(guān)方溝通或提供其他專業(yè)知識來為這項運動作出貢獻(xiàn)。如果領(lǐng)頭企業(yè)加大了工作力度，社區(qū)中的其他企業(yè)也會更有動力。

需要全國各地的所有利益相關(guān)方共同努力，才能夠保護(hù)我們的兒童、家庭和工作場所未來免受阿片類藥物成癮的危害。企業(yè)有責(zé)任幫助當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)完善為當(dāng)?shù)亓可矶ㄖ频慕鉀Q方案。（財富中文網(wǎng)）

科特·沃克是美國全國保險公司（Nationwide）的首席執(zhí)行官。

譯者：Agatha

Every day, an average of 130 people in the United States die after overdosing on opioids.

The economic impact of prescription opioid abuse alone was a staggering $179.4 billion in 2018, according to a recent report by the Society of Actuaries. That includes $72.6 billion in mortality costs, $60.4 billion in health care costs, $26.5 billion in lost productivity, and $10.9 billion in criminal justice system costs.

Clearly, the opioid addiction crisis is too large for any one entity or sector to combat alone—it impacts every segment of society. So, a one-size-fits-all solution won’t work.

Now is the time for business leaders to stand up and take an active role in addressing this epidemic. By joining forces with public health officials, elected leaders, and law enforcement, businesses can help enhance locally-tailored solutions in communities across the country.

Simply put, addiction is a workforce issue. If business leaders can intervene and get people the help they need while keeping them employed, it could make a huge difference in their recovery. It can save costs associated with health care and lost productivity. And helping people through an addiction crisis may create some of a company’s most loyal and productive workers down the road.

To do so, business leaders need to first assess the impact of prescription opioid abuse within their own companies. To help companies understand the cost of substance use in their workplace, the National Safety Council offers an online calculator tool, which considers a company’s employee base, industry, and state to estimate the related workplace costs. For example, according to the calculator, a retailer in California with 100 employees would lose nearly $37,000 a year due to substance abuse issues.

Business leaders need to also shift their mindset about how to respond to addiction in the workplace. While a one-chance-only policy may seem logical, it may actually be more costly than other alternatives in terms of training new workers and lost productivity. When employers embrace the reality that addiction is a disease, not a character flaw, it opens up new possibilities. Creating second chance policies that provide employees access to counseling and recovery resources, and proactively educating about the dangers of prescription opioids are all ways businesses can make a difference. Communicating to employees about the dangers of addiction and available resources can help make workers feel more comfortable to seek the help they need.

And it's good for the bottom line, too. For each employee seeking treatment, employers can save almost $2,607 per person each year, according to joint analysis from the National Safety Council, NORC at the University of Chicago, and nonprofit Shatterproof.

Additionally, businesses should actively engage with community stakeholders outside the walls of their company on this issue. Public health experts in many communities across the country already have strategic plans in place locally to respond to the opioid crisis, and are looking for any help they can muster to address this crisis. Working with these leaders to identify specific ways your organization can contribute to a community-wide solution can help the community better tackle the addiction problem in a more meaningful way. Explore if there is a particular part of the local strategy that needs additional resources and consider how to help fill a specific gap. Once that opportunity is identified, target resources and manpower to help educate the public, reduce addiction, and meet other local objectives.

Businesses can also engage by offering up professional capabilities and resources to enhance their community’s response to the opioid crisis. Offering expertise, funding, or other resources may augment public sector and government efforts to confront the prescription opioid crisis. For example, a company’s human resources team may be able to share best practices and resources to help other companies adequately and effectively address addiction in the workplace. From a communications perspective, offering the talents of a marketing team may help the public health experts to drive education and awareness more effectively.

Businesses should also consider influencing other companies and organizations to join the effort. As a founding member of the Ohio Opioid Education Alliance, I’ve seen firsthand the impact of businesses coming together to combat opioid addiction in a community. More than 80 local businesses and organizations have joined the Alliance and, to date, have donated more than $8 million to fund the development of an education campaign aimed at parents and caregivers. Others have helped the campaign by communicating to stakeholders or offering other expertise. When leading companies step up, others in the community will be inspired to do so also.

It is going to take all stakeholders in communities across the country, working together, to protect our children, families, and workplaces from future opioid addiction. And businesses have a responsibility to help hone those locally-tailored solutions.

Kirt Walker is CEO of Nationwide.