在兩位男董事下個月退休之后，通用汽車（GM）董事會里的女性人數將會多于男性。屆時，包括董事長瑪麗·巴拉在內，董事會共有6名女性和5名男性。

這是《財富》美國500強名列前茅的大公司的一個重要里程碑，不過這樣的公司并不只有通用汽車一家。另外5家公司Bed, Bath & Beyond、凱西連鎖雜貨店（Casey’s General Stores）、維亞康姆（Viacom）、哥倫比亞廣播公司（CBS）和奧姆尼康集團（Omnicom Group）的董事會里女性都多于男性。還有5家公司Ascena Retail Group、百思買（Best Buy）、Navient、Williams-Sonoma和Ulta Beauty的董事會里男女各占一半。此外，女性在董事會占比超過40%的公司也有20多家。

一些公司——例如董事會有5名男性和6名女性的哥倫比亞廣播公司，以及董事會有5名男性和4名女性的永利度假村（Wynn Resorts）——發動了#MeToo反性騷擾運動。CBS和永利度假村分別驅逐了萊斯·穆恩福斯和斯蒂芬·永利，為董事會的性別多樣化做出了貢獻。另一些公司——例如董事會均為6男5女的米歇爾·巴克的好時（Hershey Company）和吉爾·索爾托的彭尼百貨（J. C. Penney）——也在積極推動董事會的性別多樣化。凱洛格（Kellogg）、阿拉斯加航空（Alaska Air）、梅西百貨（Macy’s）、特雷西亞·格里菲思的前進保險公司（Progressive）和TJX零售（TJX Companies）也在董事會的女性比例方面名列前茅。

在《財富》美國500強公司中，女性董事的人選出現了一定重疊。有7位女性是4家500強公司的董事會成員，有34位女性是3家500強公司的董事會成員。這一數據表明，董事會在性別多樣性上的進步，有時只是表明同一小批女性爭取到了更多的位置，而不是有更多女性得到了機會。

專家表示，由于女性董事會成員會在高管聘任的決策上施加影響，公司董事會在性別多樣性上的進步也會幫助它們讓更多女性擔任首席執行官。今年由女性執掌的《財富》美國500強公司達到33家，創造了歷史新高，略微打破了兩年前32家的紀錄。

不過根據董事會多樣性聯盟（Alliance for Board Diversity）和德勤（Deloitte）的數據， 2018年在《財富》美國500強公司的董事會中，女性仍然只占22.5%的席位，少數族裔女性僅占4.6%（而白人男性占比高達66%）。盡管有一小部分公司的女性在領導層的人數超越了男性，但仍然有30多家公司的董事會里只有一位女性甚至沒有女性。（財富中文網）

本文另一版本登載于《財富》雜志2019年6月刊，標題為《通用汽車扭轉比率》。

譯者：嚴匡正

Women will make up more than half of GM’s board next month after two male directors retire, leaving six female directors, including chair Mary Barra, to five men.

That’s a big milestone for one of the Fortune 500‘s biggest companies, but GM isn’t alone. Five others—Bed, Bath & Beyond, Casey’s General Stores, Viacom, CBS, and Omnicom Group—have boards of directors with more women than men. Another five—Ascena Retail Group, Best Buy, Navient, Williams-Sonoma, and Ulta Beauty—are at the 50% threshold exactly. More than two-dozen are close to it, above the 40% mark.

Some of these companies—like CBS, with its five men and six women, and Wynn Resorts, with five men and four women—have #MeToo upheavals, following the ousters of Les Moonves at CBS and Steve Wynn at Wynn Resorts, to thank for their newly gender-diverse slates of directors. Others, like Michele Buck’s Hershey Company and Jill Soltau’s J. C. Penney, both with six men and five women, have been proactive in diversifying the gender makeup of their boards. Kellogg, Alaska Air, Macy’s, Tricia Griffith’s Progressive, and the TJX Companies are also near the top of the list.

Among the companies on the Fortune 500, there is some overlap between the women serving on these boards. Seven women serve on four Fortune 500 boards and 34 women serve on three—numbers that show how progress on board gender diversity can sometimes reflect the same small pool of women being tapped for more slots, rather than more women being given opportunities.

The progress companies are making in diversifying their boards by gender is also helping companies get more women into the CEO role, as female board members influence executive hiring decisions, experts say. This year’s Fortune 500 came with an all-time record for the number of women leading companies on the list—33, just barely beating the prior record of 32 from two years ago.

Yet in 2018, women still held only 22.5% of Fortune 500 board seats, according to the Alliance for Board Diversity and Deloitte; minority women held only 4.6% of Fortune 500 board seats. (Caucasian men held 66%.) Despite the small group of Fortune 500 companies where women outnumber men in directorships, more than three-dozen companies still have only one or zero women in their boardrooms.

A version of this article appears in the June 2019 issue of Fortune with the headline “General Motors Flips the Ratio.”