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職業(yè)社交媒體領(lǐng)英發(fā)布了最新的2018年美國(guó)新興就業(yè)報(bào)告，評(píng)選出全國(guó)增長(zhǎng)最快的職業(yè)和技能。

領(lǐng)英最新報(bào)告展示，得益于經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張，美國(guó)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)強(qiáng)勁，薪資水平大幅增長(zhǎng)。領(lǐng)英預(yù)計(jì)，2019年用人單位將對(duì)高技能人才展開更加激烈的爭(zhēng)奪。

然而，人才市場(chǎng)火爆能持續(xù)多久尚且存疑。今年9月，美國(guó)失業(yè)率降至3.7%，創(chuàng)下近50年來(lái)新低。但在10月，《財(cái)富》雜志的高級(jí)編輯杰夫·科爾文指出，不管失業(yè)率何時(shí)能觸及60年來(lái)低點(diǎn)，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)都將不可避免進(jìn)入衰退，通脹也會(huì)回升。

今年11月，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)主席杰羅姆·鮑威爾也警告稱，當(dāng)前存在移民危機(jī)，美國(guó)又限制移民進(jìn)入并就業(yè)，勞動(dòng)力增長(zhǎng)將受阻，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看也可能拖累美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速。

領(lǐng)英報(bào)告的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自其分析平臺(tái)“經(jīng)濟(jì)圖表與人才洞察”，該報(bào)告主要追蹤企業(yè)急需的崗位、崗位所需技能，以及過去五年出現(xiàn)的新工作。以下數(shù)據(jù)是報(bào)告中的一些重大發(fā)現(xiàn)：

五大新興職業(yè)

1、 區(qū)塊鏈開發(fā)員（33倍增長(zhǎng)）

2、 機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)工程師（12倍增長(zhǎng)）

3、 應(yīng)用銷售主管（8倍增長(zhǎng)）

4、 機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)專家（6倍增長(zhǎng)）

5、 專業(yè)醫(yī)療代表（6倍增長(zhǎng)）

五大熱門技能（最大技能差距）

1、 語(yǔ)言交流

2、 人員管理

3、 社交媒體

4、 開發(fā)工具

5、 業(yè)務(wù)管理

新興職業(yè)專業(yè)人士主修的五大專業(yè)

1、 工商管理

2、 心理學(xué)

3、 通識(shí)教育

4、 財(cái)會(huì)

5、 市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷

五大需求增長(zhǎng)最快的職位（根據(jù)招聘）

1、 軟件工程師：當(dāng)前空缺職位：8萬(wàn)以上

2、 客戶專員：當(dāng)前空缺職位：1.6萬(wàn)以上

3、 房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人：當(dāng)前空缺職位：2000以上

4、 客戶經(jīng)理：當(dāng)前空缺職位：1.7萬(wàn)以上

5、 招聘專員：當(dāng)前空缺職位：8000以上

最近幾年人工智能的熱度節(jié)節(jié)上升，相關(guān)領(lǐng)域人才需求占絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)可能不算意外，不過今年的形勢(shì)特別突出。領(lǐng)英的圖表顯示，15個(gè)新興職業(yè)中的六個(gè)都和人工智能有關(guān)。

盡管如此，行政助理之類的任何公司都需要的崗位增速仍然很快。與此同時(shí)，時(shí)間管理和語(yǔ)言交流等基本技能的需求還是很高。

隨著特朗普政府與中國(guó)的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)持續(xù)，預(yù)測(cè)2019年美國(guó)企業(yè)的情況比較困難。雖然有90天時(shí)間暫緩加征關(guān)稅的喘息期，很多美國(guó)企業(yè)還在努力提醒投資者，2019年有可能增長(zhǎng)乏力。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Pessy

審校：夏林

LinkedIn just published its U.S. Emerging Jobs Report for 2018, measuring the fastest growing jobs and skills nationwide.

Banking off an economic boom, the takeaways from the professional social network’s latest report tout big numbers for wage growth matched by a strong job market. LinkedIn says the race to recruit highly-skilled talent is especially competitive going into 2019.

Yet, it’s debatable as to how long this run will last. Unemployment in the U.S. fell to 3.7% in September—the lowest point in almost 50 years. But as Fortune‘s Geoff Colvin pointed out the following month, whenever unemployment has dipped this low in the past 60 years, a recession inevitably follows and inflation surges.

Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell also warned in November that the current immigration crisis and reducing the number of immigrants allowed to enter the country and gain employment could slow the economy in the long run as it will prohibit growth in the U.S. labor force.

The report, based on data from LinkedIn’s Economic Graph and Talent Insights analytics platform, tracks roles that companies are rapidly hiring for, the skills associated with those jobs, and new roles that have emerged over the last five years. Here’s a rundown on the top findings from the report:

Top Five Emerging Jobs

1. Blockchain Developer (33x growth)

2. Machine Learning Engineer (12x growth)

3. Application Sales Executive (8x growth)

4. Machine Learning Specialist (6x growth)

5. Professional Medical Representative (6x growth)

Top Five In-Demand Skills (Biggest Skills Gap)

1. Oral Communications

2. People Management

3. Social Media

4. Development Tools

5. Business Management

Top Five Majors for Professionals in Emerging Jobs

1. Business Administration and Management

2. Psychology

3. General Studies

4. Accounting

5. Marketing

Top Five Fastest Growing Job Titles (by hire)

1. Software Engineer: Current Job Openings: 80,000+

2. Account Executive: Current Job Openings: 16,000+

3. Realtor: Current Job Openings: 2,000+

4. Account Manager: Current Job Openings: 17,000+

5. Recruiter: Current Job Openings: 8,000+

Maybe not a surprise given the buzz surrounding it the last few years but especially palpable in 2018, artificial intelligence dominated the LinkedIn charts with six out of 15 emerging jobs related to the field.

Nevertheless, openings for well-established and necessary roles in any office space, such as administrative assistants, are still growing at a rapid clip as basic skills such as time management and oral communication continue to be cited as some of the most in-demand skills.

Predicting what 2019 will look like for businesses has been difficult given the ongoing trade war between the Trump Administration and China. Even with a 90-day reprieve from increasing tariffs, many American companies are trying to prepare investors to brace themselves for a lackluster 2019.