每天早上起得床來(lái)，打開(kāi)手機(jī)在社交媒體或網(wǎng)絡(luò)聊天室逛上一圈，聽(tīng)聽(tīng)鍵盤(pán)俠們開(kāi)地圖炮，就政治問(wèn)題一頓互噴；吃完早飯取個(gè)快遞，一位外賣(mài)小哥的電瓶車(chē)軋到了你的腳趾頭，連句道歉都沒(méi)有，便風(fēng)馳電掣而去；開(kāi)車(chē)上班路上，一個(gè)哥們兒車(chē)走龍蛇，強(qiáng)行變道超了你，還對(duì)你豎了個(gè)中指。這樣一比較，坐在辦公室里上班是不是要開(kāi)心多了？

如果你也是個(gè)普通老百姓，那么答案必然是肯定的。今年年初，公關(guān)公司萬(wàn)博宣偉和KRC研究公司對(duì)1481名美國(guó)職場(chǎng)人進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，93%的人認(rèn)為公共場(chǎng)合中的粗魯行為正變得越來(lái)越多，大多數(shù)人（69%）認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)“重要問(wèn)題”。而這種“禮崩樂(lè)壞”現(xiàn)象正變得愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重。萬(wàn)博宣偉自2010年開(kāi)始每年都會(huì)進(jìn)行這樣一次調(diào)查。2016年該公司發(fā)現(xiàn)，普通人每周平均會(huì)遭遇6.2起不文明行為或不必要的口角之爭(zhēng)。僅僅兩年后，這個(gè)數(shù)字已經(jīng)飆升到10.6起。

唯一的例外，貌似就是職場(chǎng)了。研究認(rèn)為，超過(guò)九成的人認(rèn)為職場(chǎng)是個(gè)“文明安全地帶”，這個(gè)比例要高于兩年前的86%。不僅如此，隨著時(shí)間的推移，職場(chǎng)還顯然變得越來(lái)越文明。比如2011年，所有企業(yè)在金融危機(jī)的沖擊下自身難保時(shí)，有三分之一以上（43%）的受訪者表示，他們?cè)诼殘?chǎng)中遭遇了一起以上的“不文明行為”。而到2018年，這個(gè)比例已降至29%，明顯低于他們?cè)谏暇W(wǎng)時(shí)（39%）、購(gòu)物時(shí)（39%）或駕車(chē)時(shí)（39%）遭遇的不文明行為。

為什么人們?cè)诼殘?chǎng)中會(huì)變得更友好？當(dāng)然，這在一定程度上是出于自身利益。畢竟不文明駕駛或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力不會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)人失去升職加薪的機(jī)會(huì)，然而在職場(chǎng)中，你要時(shí)時(shí)保持自己的專業(yè)形象，這一點(diǎn)早就是職場(chǎng)人的共識(shí)了。這就是為什么Facebook和推特都在跟假新聞和網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力作斗爭(zhēng)，而領(lǐng)英卻完全沒(méi)有這個(gè)麻煩。

但研究也表明，除此之外，還有其他一些因素。最近，企業(yè)界的潮流是鼓勵(lì)文明友善的工作環(huán)境。萬(wàn)博宣偉的首席聲譽(yù)策略師萊斯利·蓋恩斯-羅斯常年從事對(duì)社會(huì)不文明行為的研究，他表示：“企業(yè)CEO和各級(jí)經(jīng)理現(xiàn)在都很關(guān)注協(xié)作問(wèn)題，并致力于打造一個(gè)‘最佳工作環(huán)境’，以吸引最優(yōu)秀的人才。而團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，則需要人與人之間的良好互動(dòng)。”

盡管如此，即便是在一個(gè)相互尊重的工作環(huán)境里，也有相當(dāng)一部分員工認(rèn)為，在禮貌問(wèn)題上還有很大的提升空間。當(dāng)被當(dāng)被問(wèn)到2025年他們希望看到什么變化時(shí)，有32%的受訪者表示，他們希望莫名其妙的污言穢語(yǔ)“將被認(rèn)定為一種性騷擾”。還有32%的受訪者表示：“希望文明培訓(xùn)成為一門(mén)必修課”。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

本文作者安妮·費(fèi)希爾是一名職場(chǎng)問(wèn)題專家，也是《財(cái)富》雜志的21世紀(jì)工作與生活問(wèn)題專欄“Work It Out”的專欄作家。

譯者：樸成奎

So, you started your day checking social media sites or chat rooms where vitriol-laced personal attacks, especially about politics, have become the norm. Then, when you stopped off to pick up a few things on your way to work, some guy with too many items in the express checkout line ran his cart over your toe with no hint of an apology. By the time a fellow motorist (or several) had cut you off in traffic, perhaps with a rude hand gesture or two, wasn’t it a relief to get to the office?

If you’re like most other Americans, the answer is a definite yes. A survey of 1,481 working adults earlier this year, by public relations firm Weber Shandwick and KRC Research, found that 93% think public rudeness is on the rise, and most (69%) see that as a “major problem.” Moreover, it’s getting worse. Weber Shandwick has conducted this survey annually since 2010, and found in 2016 that people reported encountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of obnoxious behavior or uncalled-for speech. Just two years later, the number of weekly “incidents of incivility” had shot up to 10.6.

The exception, it seems, is the workplace. More than 90% of us see work as a “civility safety zone,” the study says, up somewhat from 86% two years ago. Not only that, but workplaces are apparently getting more civil as time goes by. For instance, 2011, when companies were still reeling from the Great Recession, was a very rude year. Well over one in three employees (43%) reported being on the receiving end of one or more “incidents of incivility.” By 2018, that had declined to 29%—markedly lower than the number who said they have run into rudeness online (39%), while shopping (39%), or while driving (also 39%).

Why are people nicer to each other at work than elsewhere? It’s partly simple self-interest, of course. Less-than-courteous driving or letting loose with an online screed is, after all, unlikely to cost anyone his or her next raise or promotion, while being on one’s best behavior in any professional setting is generally a common-sense career move. It’s no coincidence that, while Facebook and Twitter are crawling with trolls, LinkedIn is not.

But the research also suggests there’s more to it. Recent trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome (if inadvertent) effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice. “CEOs, and managers at all levels, now are focused on collaboration, and on creating a collegial ‘Best Places to Work’ culture, in order to attract the best available talent,” observes Leslie Gaines-Ross, Weber Shandwick’s chief reputation strategist, who has been overseeing the civility surveys for the past decade. “That emphasis on teamwork really requires civil interactions between people.”

Nonetheless, even in workplaces where courtesy rules, a significant minority of employees believes there’s more to be done. Asked what changes they’d like to see by 2025, 32% said that gratuitous nastiness “will be considered a form of harassment,” and 32% hope that “civility training will be mandatory.”

Anne Fisher is a career expert and advice columnist who writes “Work It Out,” Fortune’s guide to working and living in the 21st century.