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Leadership Insiders網絡是一個在線社區。在這里，最有思想和影響力的企業人士會回答有關職業和領導力的問題。今天回答的問題是“對即將進入職場的大學畢業生有什么建議？”，答案由Sailthru人事副總裁娜塔莉·沃茲沃斯撰寫。

對于一名剛剛畢業的大學生來說，評估可能為之效力的公司會讓人感到力不從心，但事情并沒有那么困難。盡管很多公司在第一眼看起來很熟悉，但初創企業、規?；髽I和老牌企業之間存在著巨大的差異。在申請工作、衡量來自于初期和中期階段公司的工作機會時，不妨問自己以下幾個問題：

該公司的產品是否有價值？

在評估潛在的雇主時，可以從評估其產品入手。如果它生產的是消費品，而且你能夠購買到并使用，那么就從這里入手。你喜歡這個產品嗎？它是否能解決你生活當中的某個重大難題，你是否能夠聯想它會在其他人的生活中發揮同樣的作用？如果你能夠聯想到其他人的生活也會因這一產品或產品理念（即便是未上市）而改變或改善，那么你便完成了第一步。

通過閱讀評價，了解消費者對其產品或服務的感受。對于為企業提供服務的企業，搜索行業競爭力分析或尋找一位真實的客戶進行交談，了解他們對公司現狀的看法，包括其實力、弱點、威脅和機遇。在該品牌官網或其他獨立評價網站查看客戶評論，搜索社交媒體查看它如何與客戶進行接洽。你查看的所有地方是否都有產品的支持者？他們的生活是否受到了其產品和服務的重大影響？

不管是哪種類型的公司，你都應該在完成調查后思考：這家公司提供的產品是否深受大家的喜愛，或正在開發深受人們歡迎的產品。

自己對于風險和變化有著什么樣的承受力？

盡管在初創企業工作比在歷史悠久的老牌公司工作聽起來更令人振奮，但是別忘了，初創企業與生俱來便與風險相伴。美國勞工統計局的數據顯示，自1994年以來，50%的新企業撐過了第四個年頭，在第十年依然存活的新企業只有1/3。不管你的評估有多么嚴謹，有兩件事情你必須留意。第一，你在冒險。第二，能夠長時間存活的初創企業很多時候靠的是運氣，因為風投資本家和領導團隊無法控制外部市場環境。

你還應該意識到，初創企業會經常性地改變其產品、策略和團隊。對于某些人來說，這些公司良好的商業、職業和能力培養機遇比不確定性更重要。但對于某些人來說，這種不確定的前景會讓他們感到擔憂而不是興奮。請弄清楚自己的側重點。

這一職務是否會給自己帶來挑戰？

第一份工作應具有挑戰性，這一點十分重要。在找到最適合自己的工作之前，你可以嘗試幾份不同的工作，因此，你的早期工作應有助于你培養良好的溝通、時間管理和問題解決技巧，這一點至關重要。此外，一定要接觸高層領導，并自愿嘗試不同部門的工作，這樣你便能獲得核心職責之外的技能。這些絕佳的方式都能夠讓你盡可能地從第一份工作中獲得最大的收益。（財富中文網）

譯者：馮豐

審稿：夏林

The Leadership Insiders network is an online community where the most thoughtful and influential people in business contribute answers to timely questions about careers and leadership. Today’s answer to the question, “What advice do you have for college graduates entering the workforce?” is written by Natalie Wadsworth, vice president of people at Sailthru.

As a new college graduate, evaluating potential companies to work for can be overwhelming—but it doesn’t have to be that hard. While many companies may seem similar at first glance, there are major differences between startups, scale-ups, and long-established enterprises. Here are some questions to think about when applying for jobs and considering offers from early- and mid-stage companies.

Do they offer a valuable product?

When evaluating a potential employer, start with evaluating their product. If you can buy and use the product because it’s a consumer product, start there. Do you love the product? Does it solve a major problem in your life or can you imagine that it does in the lives of many others? If you can imagine that lives will be changed or improved by this product, or by the idea of this product if it isn’t available yet, that’s a start.

Investigate what customers say about their product or service by reading reviews. For business-to-business companies, search for a competitive analysis of the industry or by finding and talking to a real customer to determine their point of view on the state of the company—including its strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities. Look for customer reviews on the brand’s site and on other, independent review sites to see what people are saying. Search for it on social media to see how it engages with its customers. Are there evangelists of the product everywhere you look? Could they not imagine their life without that product or service?

Regardless of what kind of company it is, you should come away from your research thinking: This company builds something lots of people really love or is developing something people will really love.

What’s your appetite for risk and change?

While working at a startup may seem more exciting than at an older, more established venture, it is critical to remember that startups by nature are inherently risky. According to the U.S. Bureau for Labor Statistics, since 1994, 50% of all new businesses made it to their fifth year and one-third made it to their 10th. No matter how rigorous an evaluation you undertake, you have to recognize two things. First, you’re taking a risk. Second, there is simply a lot of luck involved in a startup going the distance, as venture capitalists and leadership teams cannot control external market conditions.

It is also reasonable to expect that a startup will experience near-constant change to its product, strategy, and team. For some, that uncertainty might be outweighed by the great commercial, professional, and intellectual opportunities it offers. For others, that prospect may feel more terrifying than exciting. Figure out which type of person you are.

Will this position challenge me?

It's important to be challenged in your first job. You may explore a few different careers before settling on the best fit, so it is crucial that your early positions help you develop good communication, time management, and problem-solving skills. In addition, make sure to seek exposure to senior leadership and volunteer to work in different functions so you can gain skills outside of your core responsibilities. These are great ways to get everything you can out of your first experience in the workforce.