因為工期和滿滿的工作日程,我在過去幾周異常繁忙。對于擁有A型人格的我來說,這意味著在晚上睡一個好覺并非易事。因此,我打開了可靠的瓶裝褪黑素,倒出了一粒含量5毫克的助睡荷爾蒙藥丸,希望能借此來補補覺,并連續服用了多個晚上。
蓋洛普(Gallup)2024年4月的調查顯示,如今,很少有美國人能夠睡足8小時,而且越來越多的美國人稱自己需要增加睡眠時長。在我及眾多民眾的幫助下,助睡補劑市場已增至1300億美元規模。在該市場中,既有褪黑素這類睡眠保健品,也有植物補劑醉茄提取物。盡管我只有在擔心會出現失眠問題時才服用褪黑素,但我知道有不少人多年來每晚都會服用褪黑素(這可能對于他們來說并不是什么好主意)。我的一位朋友對于醉茄提取物在緩解焦慮和壓力、幫助其快速入睡方面的功效深信不疑。
不過兩相對比,我們到底應該服用哪一種來幫助睡眠,亦或我們是否應該服用這類補劑?
褪黑素和醉茄提取物都是啥?
褪黑素是一種天然生成的荷爾蒙,由腦松果體分泌,用于調節人體的生物鐘。通過扮演人體內的鐘表,褪黑素會告訴人們何時睡覺(夜間濃度增高)以及何時醒來(早上濃度降低)。我們可以通過服用含有天然或合成褪黑素的片劑或軟糖,來提升體內的褪黑素濃度,并以此改善睡眠。
南非醉茄是一種適應原(Adaptogen),這種草藥能夠幫助調節皮質醇。它是一種生長在非洲和亞洲的灌木,但你通常買到的是含有該草藥成分的膠囊、粉劑或茶飲。研究顯示,它可以改善腦部功能,并降低炎性反應,同時還能幫助減輕壓力和焦慮,這些都有助于人們在夜間的酣睡。
褪黑素和醉茄提取物,哪個在助睡方面更有效?
對于褪黑素和醉茄提取物在助眠方面的效果,不同的研究有不同的說法。2022年1月發布于美國國家醫學圖書館(National Library of Medicine)的調查顯示,褪黑素對于睡眠質量有積極的改善效果。然而同年發布于《美國醫學協會雜志》(American Medical Association)上的一項調查發現,沒有“充分”的證據顯示褪黑素有助于改善睡眠障礙。
至于醉茄提取物,多項調查發現,該物質在改善睡眠方面的效果雖不明顯,但足以引起人們的重視,尤其是連續服用8周后的效果,以及對于那些苦于失眠癥的患者而言。
雅各布·泰特爾鮑姆博士表示,在上述兩種補劑中擇一使用之前,“人們一定要弄清楚主要問題是入睡困難還是睡眠質量不佳。”雅各布專注于治療慢性疲勞癥、纖維肌痛和新冠后遺癥,還著有應對睡眠障礙的書作《從疲乏不堪到活力滿滿》(From Fatigued to Fantastic)。
他向《財富》雜志透露,對于那些難以入睡的人來說,他通常會推薦在一開始服用5毫克含量的褪黑素補劑。對于那些夜間易醒的人,他推薦使用更高劑量的緩釋版褪黑素。他還表示,要發揮醉茄提取物的助眠效果,其效價強度不應低于5%,要高品質,劑量為600毫克。他補充說,這兩種補劑相輔相成,可同時服用。
如果主要問題是失眠,他通常推薦在一開始使用含量為10毫克的緩釋版褪黑素,并視情況增加其他治療方式。如果出現嚴重的日間疲乏,那么他推薦補充高劑量的醉茄提取物,來幫助恢復活力和治療失眠。
他說:“褪黑素是最有效的助眠物質,同時還能減輕夜間胃酸反流,并具有抗氧化、免疫和神經保護功效。助眠只是醉茄提取物諸多功效之一,其他功效包括恢復活力、認知,以及減輕壓力等。褪黑素和醉茄提取物均可以改善睡眠和活力。”
在助眠方面,使用褪黑素和醉茄提取物安全嗎?
由于安眠藥可能會導致很多嚴重的問題,泰特爾鮑姆傾向于在一開始使用褪黑素和醉茄提取物這類更安全的天然替代物。由于我們無法對哪一種“更安全”下定論,因此人們應確保這些補劑得到了美國國家衛生基金會(NSF International)的認證,該機構負責核實補劑成分的純度。此外,與生活中的大多數事物一樣,這些補劑在服用時應遵循適量原則,因為過多服用亦存在風險。
美國國立衛生研究院(NIH)稱,盡管醉茄提取物對于成年人來說是安全的,但其副作用可能包括腹瀉、困倦、頭疼和反胃。克利夫蘭診所(Cleveland Clinic)稱,褪黑素可能會導致嘔吐、眩暈、困倦和頭疼。這兩種補劑在孕期或哺乳期都不能服用。雖然短期內服用沒有問題的,但人們并不了解其長期服用的后果。不過,人們可能會對褪黑素產生心理依賴,因為一些專家認為褪黑素的效果源于安慰劑效應。
泰特爾鮑姆稱,人們可以在壓力大或失眠時間歇性地或無限期地使用這兩種補劑,但我們對長期使用褪黑素的副作用知之甚少,因此,最好是咨詢可以幫助制定夜間睡眠計劃的醫生,告知其具體的睡眠問題。很多專家認為,人們有必要意識到,不應把這兩種補劑當作解決自身睡眠問題的萬能藥。
心理學家、剛卸任的美國睡眠醫學會(American Academy of Sleep Medicine)會長詹妮弗·馬丁博士此前曾向《財富》透露,她并不推薦使用睡眠補劑,而是應專注于改善睡眠衛生。威爾康奈爾醫學院(Weill Cornell Medicine)和紐約長老會醫院(NewYork-Presbyterian)睡眠醫學中心醫學總監安娜·克雷格博士向《財富》解釋說,在服用這些補劑時,最好同步改善自身的夜間活動習慣。
克雷格表示,應該有一間昏暗、涼爽的臥室,養成規律的就寢和起床時間,減少睡眠前的光線照射,并學會“減少可能會影響睡眠的壓力源和潛在焦慮。”
與任何有關衛生習慣的改變一樣,人們首先應咨詢醫生,來確定應對睡眠問題的最佳方案,以及自己適合使用哪種補劑,或者是否需要使用補劑。(財富中文網)
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
因為工期和滿滿的工作日程,我在過去幾周異常繁忙。對于擁有A型人格的我來說,這意味著在晚上睡一個好覺并非易事。因此,我打開了可靠的瓶裝褪黑素,倒出了一粒含量5毫克的助睡荷爾蒙藥丸,希望能借此來補補覺,并連續服用了多個晚上。
蓋洛普(Gallup)2024年4月的調查顯示,如今,很少有美國人能夠睡足8小時,而且越來越多的美國人稱自己需要增加睡眠時長。在我及眾多民眾的幫助下,助睡補劑市場已增至1300億美元規模。在該市場中,既有褪黑素這類睡眠保健品,也有植物補劑醉茄提取物。盡管我只有在擔心會出現失眠問題時才服用褪黑素,但我知道有不少人多年來每晚都會服用褪黑素(這可能對于他們來說并不是什么好主意)。我的一位朋友對于醉茄提取物在緩解焦慮和壓力、幫助其快速入睡方面的功效深信不疑。
不過兩相對比,我們到底應該服用哪一種來幫助睡眠,亦或我們是否應該服用這類補劑?
褪黑素和醉茄提取物都是啥?
褪黑素是一種天然生成的荷爾蒙,由腦松果體分泌,用于調節人體的生物鐘。通過扮演人體內的鐘表,褪黑素會告訴人們何時睡覺(夜間濃度增高)以及何時醒來(早上濃度降低)。我們可以通過服用含有天然或合成褪黑素的片劑或軟糖,來提升體內的褪黑素濃度,并以此改善睡眠。
南非醉茄是一種適應原(Adaptogen),這種草藥能夠幫助調節皮質醇。它是一種生長在非洲和亞洲的灌木,但你通常買到的是含有該草藥成分的膠囊、粉劑或茶飲。研究顯示,它可以改善腦部功能,并降低炎性反應,同時還能幫助減輕壓力和焦慮,這些都有助于人們在夜間的酣睡。
褪黑素和醉茄提取物,哪個在助睡方面更有效?
對于褪黑素和醉茄提取物在助眠方面的效果,不同的研究有不同的說法。2022年1月發布于美國國家醫學圖書館(National Library of Medicine)的調查顯示,褪黑素對于睡眠質量有積極的改善效果。然而同年發布于《美國醫學協會雜志》(American Medical Association)上的一項調查發現,沒有“充分”的證據顯示褪黑素有助于改善睡眠障礙。
至于醉茄提取物,多項調查發現,該物質在改善睡眠方面的效果雖不明顯,但足以引起人們的重視,尤其是連續服用8周后的效果,以及對于那些苦于失眠癥的患者而言。
雅各布·泰特爾鮑姆博士表示,在上述兩種補劑中擇一使用之前,“人們一定要弄清楚主要問題是入睡困難還是睡眠質量不佳。”雅各布專注于治療慢性疲勞癥、纖維肌痛和新冠后遺癥,還著有應對睡眠障礙的書作《從疲乏不堪到活力滿滿》(From Fatigued to Fantastic)。
他向《財富》雜志透露,對于那些難以入睡的人來說,他通常會推薦在一開始服用5毫克含量的褪黑素補劑。對于那些夜間易醒的人,他推薦使用更高劑量的緩釋版褪黑素。他還表示,要發揮醉茄提取物的助眠效果,其效價強度不應低于5%,要高品質,劑量為600毫克。他補充說,這兩種補劑相輔相成,可同時服用。
如果主要問題是失眠,他通常推薦在一開始使用含量為10毫克的緩釋版褪黑素,并視情況增加其他治療方式。如果出現嚴重的日間疲乏,那么他推薦補充高劑量的醉茄提取物,來幫助恢復活力和治療失眠。
他說:“褪黑素是最有效的助眠物質,同時還能減輕夜間胃酸反流,并具有抗氧化、免疫和神經保護功效。助眠只是醉茄提取物諸多功效之一,其他功效包括恢復活力、認知,以及減輕壓力等。褪黑素和醉茄提取物均可以改善睡眠和活力。”
在助眠方面,使用褪黑素和醉茄提取物安全嗎?
由于安眠藥可能會導致很多嚴重的問題,泰特爾鮑姆傾向于在一開始使用褪黑素和醉茄提取物這類更安全的天然替代物。由于我們無法對哪一種“更安全”下定論,因此人們應確保這些補劑得到了美國國家衛生基金會(NSF International)的認證,該機構負責核實補劑成分的純度。此外,與生活中的大多數事物一樣,這些補劑在服用時應遵循適量原則,因為過多服用亦存在風險。
美國國立衛生研究院(NIH)稱,盡管醉茄提取物對于成年人來說是安全的,但其副作用可能包括腹瀉、困倦、頭疼和反胃。克利夫蘭診所(Cleveland Clinic)稱,褪黑素可能會導致嘔吐、眩暈、困倦和頭疼。這兩種補劑在孕期或哺乳期都不能服用。雖然短期內服用沒有問題的,但人們并不了解其長期服用的后果。不過,人們可能會對褪黑素產生心理依賴,因為一些專家認為褪黑素的效果源于安慰劑效應。
泰特爾鮑姆稱,人們可以在壓力大或失眠時間歇性地或無限期地使用這兩種補劑,但我們對長期使用褪黑素的副作用知之甚少,因此,最好是咨詢可以幫助制定夜間睡眠計劃的醫生,告知其具體的睡眠問題。很多專家認為,人們有必要意識到,不應把這兩種補劑當作解決自身睡眠問題的萬能藥。
心理學家、剛卸任的美國睡眠醫學會(American Academy of Sleep Medicine)會長詹妮弗·馬丁博士此前曾向《財富》透露,她并不推薦使用睡眠補劑,而是應專注于改善睡眠衛生。威爾康奈爾醫學院(Weill Cornell Medicine)和紐約長老會醫院(NewYork-Presbyterian)睡眠醫學中心醫學總監安娜·克雷格博士向《財富》解釋說,在服用這些補劑時,最好同步改善自身的夜間活動習慣。
克雷格表示,應該有一間昏暗、涼爽的臥室,養成規律的就寢和起床時間,減少睡眠前的光線照射,并學會“減少可能會影響睡眠的壓力源和潛在焦慮。”
與任何有關衛生習慣的改變一樣,人們首先應咨詢醫生,來確定應對睡眠問題的最佳方案,以及自己適合使用哪種補劑,或者是否需要使用補劑。(財富中文網)
譯者:馮豐
審校:夏林
Deadlines and packed days have made my past couple of weeks extra busy. And for someone with a Type A personality, this means that the odds of getting a good night’s sleep haven’t exactly been in my favor. So, I broke out my trusty bottle of melatonin, popping 5 milligrams of the sleep hormone supplement several nights in a row in the hopes of catching some ZZZs.
With fewer Americans getting the recommended eight hours of sleep and more of them saying they need more sleep, per an April 2024 Gallup poll, I’m just one of many helping the sleep aids market grow to $130 billion. Part of that market involves sleep supplements like melatonin, as well as the herbal based ashwagandha. While I pull out the former when I fear an oncoming insomnia onslaught, I know several people who have been taking melatonin nightly for years (unfortunately for them, this probably isn’t a great idea). And a friend of mine swears by the anxiety and stress-relieving benefits of ashwagandha that help her fall into a quick slumber.
But when stacked up against one another, which one should we actually be taking to help us sleep—and should we even be taking them at all?
What are melatonin and ashwagandha?
Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone produced in the brain’s pineal gland that regulates our circadian rhythm. By acting as our body’s internal clock, it helps us know when to go to bed (thanks to higher levels at night) and when to wake up (thanks to lower levels in the morning). We can add more melatonin to our system in the hopes of promoting sleep through natural or synthetic versions of it in tablets, gummies, and the like.
Ashwagandha is an adaptogen, an herb that helps regulate the stress hormone cortisol. It comes from a shrub that grows in Africa and Asia, but you can often buy it as a capsule, powder, or tea. Research shows it can improve brain function and lower inflammation, plus help reduce stress and anxiety—which can make for a good night’s sleep.
Is melatonin or ashwagandha more effective for sleep?
The research is mixed on just how well melatonin and ashwagandha can knock us out at night. A January 2022 study published in the National Library of Medicine finds that melatonin positively affects our quality of sleep. But a study published the same year in Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) finds “weak” evidence in melatonin use for sleep disturbances.
As for ashwagandha, various studies find that it has a small, but significant effect in improving sleep, particularly when taken eight weeks in a row and by those suffering from insomnia.
When deciding between the two, “the key is to note if the key problem is just falling asleep or also staying asleep,” says Dr. Jacob Teitelbaum, who specializes in treating conditions such as chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and long COVID and who wrote From Fatigued to Fantastic, which addresses sleep disorders.
For those who have trouble falling asleep, he tells Fortune, he typically recommends starting with 5 mg of melatonin. For those who wake up in the middle of the night, he recommends a sustained release of a higher dose of melatonin. To reap the sleep benefits of ashwagandha, he says the supplement must be at least 5% potency, good quality, and a 600 mg dose. He adds that both can go well together.
When insomnia is the key issue, he typically begins with a sustained-release of 10 mg of melatonin, adding other treatments as needed. If severe daytime fatigue is present, then he adds high potency ashwagandha to help both energy and insomnia.
“Melatonin is most effective for helping sleep, but also helps with nighttime acid reflux, along with antioxidant, immune, and neuroprotective benefits,” he says. “Ashwagandha helps sleep as one of its modest components, but does also help energy, cognition, stress, and other functions. Both melatonin and ashwagandha improve sleep as well as energy.”
Is melatonin or ashwagandha safer for sleep?
Since sleep medications can cause significant problems, Teitelbaum likes to start with natural, safer alternatives like melatonin and ashwagandha. While one isn’t necessarily “safer” than the other, you should make sure they’re certified by NSF International, which verifies the purity of supplement ingredients. And, as with most things in life, they should be taken in moderation because there are risks to taking too much.
Although ashwagandha is safe for adults, according to the NIH, its side effects can show up as diarrhea, drowsiness, a headache, and upset stomach. Melatonin can also cause nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, and a headache, per the Cleveland Clinic. You shouldn’t take either if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding. While using them in the short-term is okay, little is known about using them long-term—although we can become psychologically dependent on melatonin, since some experts believe its effectiveness lies in a placebo effect.
Teitelbaum says it’s reasonable to use either intermittently during periods of stress or insomnia, or even indefinitely. But there’s little known about the effects of long-term melatonin use, so it’s best to run your specific sleeping problems by a specialist who can help you figure out a nighttime game plan. Many experts agree it’s important to not rely on either supplement as a cure-all for your sleep problems.
Dr. Jennifer Martin, a psychologist and immediate past president of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, previously told Fortune she doesn’t recommend supplements for sleep at all—rather, you should focus on boosting your sleep hygiene. And Dr. Ana Kreiger, medical director of the Center for Sleep Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian, explained to Fortune that supplements are best used in conjunction with enhancing your nighttime routine.
That looks like a dark and cool bedroom, a routine with a regular bedtime and wake-up time, limiting light exposure before bed, and learning “how to reduce stressors and underlying anxieties that may be affecting sleep,” Kreiger said.
As with any change to our health routine, it’s always important to talk to your doctor first to determine the best way to tackle your sleep problems and which supplement might be right for you, if at all.