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希臘也卷起來(lái)了:部分工人將實(shí)行每周6天工作制

CHRIS MORRIS
2024-06-28

希臘部分工人的一周工作時(shí)間或?qū)@著延長(zhǎng)。

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希臘總理基里亞科斯·米佐塔基斯。圖片來(lái)源:URS FLUEELER—AFP/GETTY IMAGES

希臘部分工人的一周工作時(shí)間或?qū)@著延長(zhǎng)。

從7月1日起,希臘一些私營(yíng)企業(yè)員工可能要每天上六天班了——因?yàn)橄ED要實(shí)行每周工作48小時(shí)制了。

根據(jù)希臘最新的勞動(dòng)法,部分工業(yè)和制造業(yè)企業(yè),以及部分提供全天候服務(wù)的企業(yè),可以將每周工作時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)至5天以上。但餐飲服務(wù)業(yè)和旅游業(yè)不在其中。

為了解決生產(chǎn)率的問(wèn)題,希臘于去年9月批準(zhǔn)修改勞動(dòng)法。因?yàn)橄ED事實(shí)上已經(jīng)有很多工人在加班工作,卻沒(méi)有拿到應(yīng)得的加班費(fèi)。有關(guān)官員指出,希臘還面臨著因人口下降導(dǎo)致的技術(shù)工人短缺的問(wèn)題。

實(shí)行48小時(shí)工作制后,工人多干的這8小時(shí)有權(quán)獲得1.4倍工資。如果是在周末工作,還能獲得1.15倍正常工資的加班費(fèi)。

如果雇主決定采用48小時(shí)工作制,必須在加班前至少提前24小時(shí)通知員工。而且不得在每周48時(shí)之外再超額加班。

這項(xiàng)新規(guī)則在通過(guò)之前,并未得到社會(huì)的廣泛認(rèn)同。就在該法案通過(guò)的前一天,一大批教師、醫(yī)生和運(yùn)輸工人等紛紛走上街頭抗議,稱(chēng)這項(xiàng)改革是對(duì)工人權(quán)利的踐踏,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致“野蠻”的工作條件。

希臘工人的工作時(shí)間已經(jīng)超過(guò)了美國(guó)和大部分歐洲國(guó)家的工人。經(jīng)合組織(OECD)指出,2022年,希臘人的平均工作時(shí)間為1886小時(shí),而美國(guó)為1811小時(shí),歐盟為1571小時(shí)。

就在希臘延長(zhǎng)工時(shí)的同時(shí),很多國(guó)家則在試行每周四天工作制。去年全球進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,在實(shí)行每周四天工作制后,人們的工作效率與每周工作五天的人一樣高。組織該實(shí)驗(yàn)的非營(yíng)利組織稱(chēng),該實(shí)驗(yàn)“幾乎在所有方面都取得了巨大成功”。

去年3月,在美國(guó)勞工聯(lián)合會(huì)-產(chǎn)業(yè)工會(huì)聯(lián)合會(huì)(AFL-CIO)和美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策研究所的支持下,加州一名議員也提議,就實(shí)行每周32小時(shí)工作制開(kāi)展全國(guó)性立法,但該法案未能獲得廣泛支持。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

希臘部分工人的一周工作時(shí)間或?qū)@著延長(zhǎng)。

從7月1日起,希臘一些私營(yíng)企業(yè)員工可能要每天上六天班了——因?yàn)橄ED要實(shí)行每周工作48小時(shí)制了。

根據(jù)希臘最新的勞動(dòng)法,部分工業(yè)和制造業(yè)企業(yè),以及部分提供全天候服務(wù)的企業(yè),可以將每周工作時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)至5天以上。但餐飲服務(wù)業(yè)和旅游業(yè)不在其中。

為了解決生產(chǎn)率的問(wèn)題,希臘于去年9月批準(zhǔn)修改勞動(dòng)法。因?yàn)橄ED事實(shí)上已經(jīng)有很多工人在加班工作,卻沒(méi)有拿到應(yīng)得的加班費(fèi)。有關(guān)官員指出,希臘還面臨著因人口下降導(dǎo)致的技術(shù)工人短缺的問(wèn)題。

實(shí)行48小時(shí)工作制后,工人多干的這8小時(shí)有權(quán)獲得1.4倍工資。如果是在周末工作,還能獲得1.15倍正常工資的加班費(fèi)。

如果雇主決定采用48小時(shí)工作制,必須在加班前至少提前24小時(shí)通知員工。而且不得在每周48時(shí)之外再超額加班。

這項(xiàng)新規(guī)則在通過(guò)之前,并未得到社會(huì)的廣泛認(rèn)同。就在該法案通過(guò)的前一天,一大批教師、醫(yī)生和運(yùn)輸工人等紛紛走上街頭抗議,稱(chēng)這項(xiàng)改革是對(duì)工人權(quán)利的踐踏,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致“野蠻”的工作條件。

希臘工人的工作時(shí)間已經(jīng)超過(guò)了美國(guó)和大部分歐洲國(guó)家的工人。經(jīng)合組織(OECE)指出,2022年,希臘人的平均工作時(shí)間為1886小時(shí),而美國(guó)為1811小時(shí),歐盟為1571小時(shí)。

就在希臘延長(zhǎng)工時(shí)的同時(shí),很多國(guó)家則在試行每周四天工作制。去年全球進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,在實(shí)行每周四天工作制后,人們的工作效率與每周工作五天的人一樣高。組織該實(shí)驗(yàn)的非營(yíng)利組織稱(chēng),該實(shí)驗(yàn)在“幾乎在所有方面都取得了巨大成功”。

去年3月,在美國(guó)勞工聯(lián)合會(huì)-產(chǎn)業(yè)工會(huì)聯(lián)合會(huì)(AFL-CIO)和美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策研究所的支持下,加州一名議員也提議,就實(shí)行每周32小時(shí)工作制開(kāi)展全國(guó)性立法,但該法案未能獲得廣泛支持。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

譯者:樸成奎

The workweek is about to get a lot longer for some employees in Greece.

Starting July 1, workers in the private sector could be going into the office six days a week—as the 48-hour workweek goes into effect.

Select industrial and manufacturing facilities, along with businesses that provide 24/7 services, are eligible to extend the workweek beyond five days under new labor laws. Food service and tourism workers are not included in the longer workweeks.

The change to the labor laws was approved last September following productivity issues in the country, which have led many workers to put in extra hours and often not be compensated for the time. Officials also note there has been a shortage of skilled workers due to a shrinking population.

Workers who do put in the extra time will receive 40% extra during the additional eight hours—and 115% of their normal salary if they work on a holiday.

Employers who decide to embrace the 48-hour workweek will be required to notify employees at least 24 hours before the shift begins. No additional overtime beyond the eight hours is allowed.

The new rules were not met with widespread acceptance ahead of their approval. The day before the bill was passed, public sector workers, such as teachers, doctors, and transportation workers, walked off the job in protest, calling the overhaul an affront to workers’ rights that could create “barbaric” conditions.

Workers in Greece already work more than those in the U.S. and most of Europe. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) notes Greeks worked an average of 1,886 hours in 2022, compared to 1,811 in the U.S. and the European Union average of 1,571.

Greece’s unorthodox approach to labor comes as many other regions are experimenting with a four-day workweek. Last year, the results of the world’s largest trial of the shorter schedule showed workers who put in four days were just as productive as they were during a five-day week. The nonprofit that ran the pilot program called it a “resounding success on virtually every dimension.”

Last March, one member of California’s legislature floated legislation for a 32-hour workweek to become national law, with the backing of the AFL-CIO and the Economic Policy Institute. The bill failed to find traction.

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