與前輩們不同,千禧一代的年輕人既要承擔高昂房價,又要為即將到期的助學貸款和不斷攀升的信用卡債務煩心,財務壓力尤為嚴峻。但他們不僅是最愛錢的一代,也是最愛炫富的一代。
富國銀行(Wells Fargo)最近的一項調(diào)查顯示,雖然超過半數(shù)的千禧一代富裕群體認為生活成本的大幅攀升已對自己產(chǎn)生“嚴重影響”,但仍有59%認為,在他人面前一定要“看起來或顯得”自己很有錢。這也是“金錢畸形癥”的一種表現(xiàn),即因沉迷“擺闊”而忽略了自己的實際財務狀況。
更能說明問題的是,富國銀行的研究實際上關注的是年收入至少25萬美元的千禧一代“富裕”群體,這意味著,并非只有低收入年輕人才覺得有必要跟周圍人攀比。在參與調(diào)查的約1000名受訪者中,超過40%表示,一定要擁有明顯的財富標志,比如購買豪華汽車,添置高檔服裝,或者購置氣派豪宅。相比之下,在X世代、嬰兒潮一代和沉默一代中,擁有相同看法的人群占比分別僅為21%、8%和7%。
富國銀行咨詢與規(guī)劃部董事總經(jīng)理艾米麗·歐文在接受《財富》雜志采訪時表示:“實際上,千禧一代中的富裕群體工作非常努力,也賺到了很多錢。但他們卻在為維持這種外在形象而苦惱,因此,‘裝富’的人越來越多。有些人甚至已經(jīng)形成了一種‘演久成真’的心態(tài)。”
富國銀行調(diào)查顯示,即便是千禧一代中最富裕的那部分人,也面臨著金錢畸形癥的問題,他們中有超過40%必須依靠信用卡或貸款才能維持自己的生活方式,而且債務還在不斷積累。根據(jù)LendingTree的數(shù)據(jù),2023年第四季度,全美信用卡卡主的平均債務為6864美元。其中欠款問題最為嚴重的群體就包括千禧一代的消費者。
在2023年11月的新聞電話會議上,紐約聯(lián)儲的研究人員稱,“千禧一代的債務拖欠率增幅最大,現(xiàn)在肯定高于疫情前水平。考慮到勞動力市場和總體經(jīng)濟的強勁表現(xiàn),這種情況頗為出人意料。”
社交媒體加劇千禧一代的消費焦慮
但如果我們了解千禧一代有多容易、多頻繁地受到社交媒體(無論是廣告,還是網(wǎng)紅們或直接或間接的暗示)的影響,就不會對他們高昂的開支感到意外了。
第一基金銀行(First Foundation Bank)執(zhí)行副總裁兼首席運營官克里斯托弗·M·納吉比在接受《財富》雜志采訪時表示:“我們生活在一個過度性別化、注意力分散、視覺化的社會,所有東西都被放到了狹小的屏幕上。觀眾面前放著看不完的圖片和視頻,而人類的天性就是希望自己也能像畫中人一樣外形靚麗、周游四方,還有最重要的,和他們一樣富有。”
數(shù)據(jù)顯示,千禧一代中的富裕群體也不例外。富國銀行的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),將近30%的受訪者表示,為了給他人留下好印象或“融入”某種生活方式,他們會購買超出自己承受范圍的物品,還有三分之一的受訪者表示,為了維持外表光鮮,他們會對自己的財務狀況撒謊或夸大其詞。
凱斯西儲大學(Case Western Reserve University)經(jīng)濟學副教授喬納森·歐內(nèi)斯特在接受《財富》雜志采訪時表示:“就千禧一代而言,作為第一代‘互聯(lián)網(wǎng)原住民’,‘與周圍人攀比’不僅意味著你的東西要比周圍鄰里要好,還要追上一眾網(wǎng)紅的消費水平。不過這也意味著千禧一代可能會從擁有奢侈品中獲得更多好處,因為他們不僅可以贏得同齡人艷羨的目光,還能讓朋友、家人和更多網(wǎng)絡粉絲對自己刮目相看。”
但歐文警告說,這種“裝富的把戲”終有玩不下去的一天。
歐文說:“這是一個惡性循環(huán),因為大多數(shù)人都不愿意談論自己的實際情況,而是在精心維護自己‘過著最美好生活’的假象。如果‘分享自己如何量入為出’能夠成為潮流,那么情況將會好很多。如果大家都能亮出底牌,還不用擔心被他人品頭論足或感到尷尬,大家都能解脫不少。”
千禧一代不愿因通脹、債務和助學貸款放棄奢侈的生活方式
專家們一致認為,盡管千禧一代因接受高等教育而背負著沉重的助學貸款,他們卻對這些長期支出視而不見,而是選擇活在當下。
歐內(nèi)斯特說:“在付出努力、成為美國史上受教育程度最高的一代人后,千禧一代或許更能體會到享受生活的價值,再加上擺在他們面前的還有沉重的助學貸款和住房開支,在奢侈品上浪費的那一點小錢也就顯得微不足道了。”
而在某些情況下,由于儲蓄賬戶收益率相對較低,進行一些高額消費(比如在抵押貸款利率高企的情況下買房)也不失為合理選擇。
歐文說:“千禧一代可能認為,與其把錢存入利息并不高的儲蓄賬戶,還不如為‘夢中情屋’搏一把。而且只要他們?yōu)閼獙Σ粫r之需留出了資金,而不是拆東墻補西墻(比如透支信用卡來還錢),這么做也并無不妥。”
就解決“金錢畸形癥”而言,專家一致建議,在買東西時,我們應該考慮得更長遠一些。歐文說,她建議千禧一代不要沉溺于購買新東西帶來的“消費撫慰感”或“消費快感”,其他人則鼓勵千禧一代多做一些長期的財務規(guī)劃。
歐內(nèi)斯特說:“首先要還清高息貸款,而且要想清楚,今天把錢花了出去,就相當于失去了明天用這些錢進行投資、賺取收益的能力,要考慮其中的機會成本,如此可以幫助千禧一代在以后購買奢侈品時重新考慮是否真的物有所值。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
與前輩們不同,千禧一代的年輕人既要承擔高昂房價,又要為即將到期的助學貸款和不斷攀升的信用卡債務煩心,財務壓力尤為嚴峻。但他們不僅是最愛錢的一代,也是最愛炫富的一代。
富國銀行(Wells Fargo)最近的一項調(diào)查顯示,雖然超過半數(shù)的千禧一代富裕群體認為生活成本的大幅攀升已對自己產(chǎn)生“嚴重影響”,但仍有59%認為,在他人面前一定要“看起來或顯得”自己很有錢。這也是“金錢畸形癥”的一種表現(xiàn),即因沉迷“擺闊”而忽略了自己的實際財務狀況。
更能說明問題的是,富國銀行的研究實際上關注的是年收入至少25萬美元的千禧一代“富裕”群體,這意味著,并非只有低收入年輕人才覺得有必要跟周圍人攀比。在參與調(diào)查的約1000名受訪者中,超過40%表示,一定要擁有明顯的財富標志,比如購買豪華汽車,添置高檔服裝,或者購置氣派豪宅。相比之下,在X世代、嬰兒潮一代和沉默一代中,擁有相同看法的人群占比分別僅為21%、8%和7%。
富國銀行咨詢與規(guī)劃部董事總經(jīng)理艾米麗·歐文在接受《財富》雜志采訪時表示:“實際上,千禧一代中的富裕群體工作非常努力,也賺到了很多錢。但他們卻在為維持這種外在形象而苦惱,因此,‘裝富’的人越來越多。有些人甚至已經(jīng)形成了一種‘演久成真’的心態(tài)。”
富國銀行調(diào)查顯示,即便是千禧一代中最富裕的那部分人,也面臨著金錢畸形癥的問題,他們中有超過40%必須依靠信用卡或貸款才能維持自己的生活方式,而且債務還在不斷積累。根據(jù)LendingTree的數(shù)據(jù),2023年第四季度,全美信用卡卡主的平均債務為6864美元。其中欠款問題最為嚴重的群體就包括千禧一代的消費者。
在2023年11月的新聞電話會議上,紐約聯(lián)儲的研究人員稱,“千禧一代的債務拖欠率增幅最大,現(xiàn)在肯定高于疫情前水平。考慮到勞動力市場和總體經(jīng)濟的強勁表現(xiàn),這種情況頗為出人意料。”
社交媒體加劇千禧一代的消費焦慮
但如果我們了解千禧一代有多容易、多頻繁地受到社交媒體(無論是廣告,還是網(wǎng)紅們或直接或間接的暗示)的影響,就不會對他們高昂的開支感到意外了。
第一基金銀行(First Foundation Bank)執(zhí)行副總裁兼首席運營官克里斯托弗·M·納吉比在接受《財富》雜志采訪時表示:“我們生活在一個過度性別化、注意力分散、視覺化的社會,所有東西都被放到了狹小的屏幕上。觀眾面前放著看不完的圖片和視頻,而人類的天性就是希望自己也能像畫中人一樣外形靚麗、周游四方,還有最重要的,和他們一樣富有。”
數(shù)據(jù)顯示,千禧一代中的富裕群體也不例外。富國銀行的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),將近30%的受訪者表示,為了給他人留下好印象或“融入”某種生活方式,他們會購買超出自己承受范圍的物品,還有三分之一的受訪者表示,為了維持外表光鮮,他們會對自己的財務狀況撒謊或夸大其詞。
凱斯西儲大學(Case Western Reserve University)經(jīng)濟學副教授喬納森·歐內(nèi)斯特在接受《財富》雜志采訪時表示:“就千禧一代而言,作為第一代‘互聯(lián)網(wǎng)原住民’,‘與周圍人攀比’不僅意味著你的東西要比周圍鄰里要好,還要追上一眾網(wǎng)紅的消費水平。不過這也意味著千禧一代可能會從擁有奢侈品中獲得更多好處,因為他們不僅可以贏得同齡人艷羨的目光,還能讓朋友、家人和更多網(wǎng)絡粉絲對自己刮目相看。”
但歐文警告說,這種“裝富的把戲”終有玩不下去的一天。
歐文說:“這是一個惡性循環(huán),因為大多數(shù)人都不愿意談論自己的實際情況,而是在精心維護自己‘過著最美好生活’的假象。如果‘分享自己如何量入為出’能夠成為潮流,那么情況將會好很多。如果大家都能亮出底牌,還不用擔心被他人品頭論足或感到尷尬,大家都能解脫不少。”
千禧一代不愿因通脹、債務和助學貸款放棄奢侈的生活方式
專家們一致認為,盡管千禧一代因接受高等教育而背負著沉重的助學貸款,他們卻對這些長期支出視而不見,而是選擇活在當下。
歐內(nèi)斯特說:“在付出努力、成為美國史上受教育程度最高的一代人后,千禧一代或許更能體會到享受生活的價值,再加上擺在他們面前的還有沉重的助學貸款和住房開支,在奢侈品上浪費的那一點小錢也就顯得微不足道了。”
而在某些情況下,由于儲蓄賬戶收益率相對較低,進行一些高額消費(比如在抵押貸款利率高企的情況下買房)也不失為合理選擇。
歐文說:“千禧一代可能認為,與其把錢存入利息并不高的儲蓄賬戶,還不如為‘夢中情屋’搏一把。而且只要他們?yōu)閼獙Σ粫r之需留出了資金,而不是拆東墻補西墻(比如透支信用卡來還錢),這么做也并無不妥。”
就解決“金錢畸形癥”而言,專家一致建議,在買東西時,我們應該考慮得更長遠一些。歐文說,她建議千禧一代不要沉溺于購買新東西帶來的“消費撫慰感”或“消費快感”,其他人則鼓勵千禧一代多做一些長期的財務規(guī)劃。
歐內(nèi)斯特說:“首先要還清高息貸款,而且要想清楚,今天把錢花了出去,就相當于失去了明天用這些錢進行投資、賺取收益的能力,要考慮其中的機會成本,如此可以幫助千禧一代在以后購買奢侈品時重新考慮是否真的物有所值。”(財富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:梁宇
審校:夏林
More than 40% of affluent millennials say it’s important to have visible signs of wealth.
Fraught with worry over high housing costs, impending student loan payments, and compounding credit card debt, millennials face financial challenges unlike other generations. Yet they’re still the generation that’s most money obsessed—and the one that wants to show it off.
While more than half of affluent millennials say they’ve been “greatly affected” by the cost-of-living crisis, 59% feel it is important to “l(fā)ook or appear” financially successful to others, according to a recent Wells Fargo study. This is yet another sign of “money dysmorphia” (as Intuit Credit Karma dubs it), in which people obsess over the idea of being rich so much so, that they lose sight of the actual state of their finances.
What’s even more telling is that Wells Fargo’s study actually focuses on “affluent” millennials who make at least $250,000 a year, which means it’s not just lower-income young people who feel the need to keep up with the Joneses, so to speak. More than 40% of the approximately 1,000 respondents said it’s important to have visible signs of wealth, whether it be purchasing a fancy car, clothing, or place to live. By comparison, just 21% of Gen Xers, 8% of baby boomers, and 7% of the silent generation feel the same.
“Affluent millennials are, in fact, working hard and gaining financial success,” Emily Irwin, managing director of advice and planning for Wells Fargo, tells Fortune. “Yet they’re grappling with this external image, and as a result, there’s a growing trend to present themselves with an image that isn’t reflective [of] their actual financial situation. For some, it could be even be a ‘fake it until you make it’ mentality.”
Even some of the wealthiest millennials face money dysmorphia, and more than 40% of them have to rely on credit cards or loans to fund their lifestyle—all while accumulating debt, the Wells Fargo survey shows. The national average debt among credit card holders during the fourth quarter of 2023 was $6,864, according to LendingTree. And millennials are among the consumers struggling most with unpaid balances.
“Millennials have seen the largest increase in their delinquency rates and now have rates definitely above pre-pandemic levels,” New York Federal Reserve researchers said in a November 2023 press call. “Given the strong labor market and general economy, these increases are somewhat surprising.”
Social media fuels spending anxiety among millennials
But it’s not so surprising how much millennials spend when we look at how easily and how often they’re influenced by social media—whether in the form of advertisements or subtle (or not so subtle) nudges from influencers.
“We live in a hyper-sexualized, distracted, visually curated society now all narrowly tailored into the confines of the infinite scroll,” Christopher M. Naghibi, executive vice president and chief operating officer at First Foundation Bank, tells Fortune. “Endless pictures and videos … are put in the face of the viewer, and it is simply human nature to want to be as beautiful, well-traveled, and more than anything else—rich.”
And the data shows that affluent millennials are no different. Nearly 30% said that they buy things they can’t afford in order to impress others or “fit in” with a certain lifestyle, the Wells Fargo survey found—and another third reported lying or exaggerating about their finances to keep up appearances.
“For millennials, being the first generation on the internet means that ‘keeping up with the Joneses’ isn’t just having the best of something on your block or in your neighborhood, it’s feeling pressure to match the level of consumption of a much wider net of online influencers,” Jonathan Ernest, an associate professor of economics at Case Western Reserve University, tells Fortune. “This also means that millennials may perceive more benefit from owning luxury items, as they earn the admiration of not only their peers, but also their friends, family, and followers from a larger online presence.”
But Irwin warns this “charade” isn’t sustainable.
“It’s a vicious cycle because most people are reluctant to talk about their actual circumstances, and instead it’s the image of ‘I’m living my best life,’” Irwin says. “Now, it would be great if the trend would segue into: Share what you’ve done to be so financially responsible. How freeing it would be if everyone ‘put their cards on the table,’ and not receive judgment or embarrassment.”
Millennials aren’t letting inflation, debt, and student loans get in their way of a lavish lifestyle
Despite being a highly educated generation with staggering student loan debt, millennials look past these longer-term costs and instead choose to live in the moment, experts agree.
“Coupled with the fact that millennials as a whole may find more value in indulgences after putting in the work to become the most educated generation in American history, it’s understandable how a small splurge on a luxury item can seem an insignificant cost in the face of seemingly insurmountable student loan and housing costs,” Ernest says.
But in some cases, making expensive purchases like buying a home despite high mortgage rates could make sense for millennials because savings account yield rates have been relatively lower.
Millennials “may have rationalized that it may have made sense to stretch for a dream home versus allocating dollars to a savings account that wasn’t yielding a high interest rate,” Irwin says. “And it may make sense—assuming they’re setting aside funds for emergencies and not incurring revolving debt, like credit card debt.”
In terms of tips for fighting money dysmorphia, experts agree that thinking long-term about purchases can make a difference. Irwin says she challenges millennials to not indulge the “consumer fix” or “purchasing high” from buying something new, and others encourage millennials to take a look at long-term financial planning.
“Paying off high-interest loans, and thinking of the opportunity cost of spending a dollar today as the lost ability to earn interest on investments for tomorrow can help millennials reconsider whether that next luxury purchase is truly worth the cost,” Ernest says.