你會(huì)在黎明時(shí)分起床利用好白天的時(shí)間,還是發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在深夜精力充沛?許多人會(huì)根據(jù)自己的個(gè)人喜好、精力水平、遺傳基因甚至工作安排,自稱是早起的鳥兒、夜貓子,或者過(guò)著在兩者之間的生活方式。
9月12日在《內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)年鑒》(Annals of Internal Medicine)上發(fā)表的一篇論文顯示,早起的鳥兒可能不僅有蟲吃,他們還有更健康的生活習(xí)慣和更低的糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
論文的主要作者、布里格姆婦科醫(yī)院(Brigham and Women’s Hospital)和哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院(Harvard Medical School)的研究員西納·基亞納西博士對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“我們的研究證明了喜歡熬夜的夜貓子面臨明顯的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn),尤其是糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以及為什么生活習(xí)慣非常重要?!?/p>
而根據(jù)飲食、體育鍛煉、吸煙、飲酒和睡眠習(xí)慣等指標(biāo)判斷,夜貓子有不健康生活方式的概率高54%。在這項(xiàng)研究中,夜貓子是指有“明確的深夜睡眠模式”的人,他們?cè)谕砩细杏X更有精力而且往往很晚睡覺。
基亞納西說(shuō):“研究發(fā)現(xiàn),夜貓子普遍存在吸煙、酗酒、睡眠不足或運(yùn)動(dòng)不足……以及糟糕飲食等問(wèn)題。根據(jù)這種一致的模式,我們認(rèn)為我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果并不是因?yàn)榕既换蚯珊?。?/p>
夜貓子有害的習(xí)慣
布里格姆婦科醫(yī)院和哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員從2009年開始,在約八年時(shí)間內(nèi)研究了超過(guò)63,000名45歲至62歲護(hù)士的健康結(jié)果、生活習(xí)慣和睡眠類型。受訪者在研究開始時(shí)沒有健康問(wèn)題。
研究顯示,夜貓子患糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高72%。糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)升高的情況,在不上夜班的夜貓子們身上更加明顯。論文的作者解釋稱,體重指數(shù)、體育活動(dòng)水平和飲食,對(duì)熬夜與糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的關(guān)系有重要影響。
基亞納西表示:“我們發(fā)現(xiàn),夜貓子糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提高的主要原因是他們不健康的生活習(xí)慣?!?/p>
然而,基亞納西稱,19%的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能要?dú)w咎于遺傳基因、新陳代謝和其他生物學(xué)機(jī)制,但在這方面需要開展更多的研究。去年發(fā)布的一篇研究論文指出,夜貓子可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生更大的胰島素抗性。
基亞納西說(shuō):“這些研究結(jié)果對(duì)公共健康的意義重大……我們可以推廣和開發(fā)定向健康干預(yù)措施和有針對(duì)性地發(fā)布公共健康信息。”
基亞納西表示,雖然要養(yǎng)成早起的習(xí)慣可能很難,而且需要醫(yī)生的幫助,但還有其他方法能夠應(yīng)對(duì)熬夜帶來(lái)的健康后果。
這些方法包括每天晚上保證七至九個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠、健康飲食、在工作日?qǐng)?jiān)持運(yùn)動(dòng),以及避免酗酒等。
基亞納西說(shuō):“對(duì)夜貓子而言,這非常重要?!泵绹?guó)印第安納州睡眠中心(Indiana Sleep Center)的醫(yī)學(xué)總監(jiān)、SleepFoundation.org的專家,以及《睡眠治愈法:獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)睡眠的七個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單步驟》(Sleep to Heal: 7 Simple Steps to Better Sleep)一書的作者之一阿比納夫·辛格博士之前曾經(jīng)告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,午夜之前上床睡覺,可以保證最佳深度睡眠。
值得注意的是,這項(xiàng)研究的局限性在于其樣本規(guī)模,其受訪者主要是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位更高的中年白人女性。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
你會(huì)在黎明時(shí)分起床利用好白天的時(shí)間,還是發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在深夜精力充沛?許多人會(huì)根據(jù)自己的個(gè)人喜好、精力水平、遺傳基因甚至工作安排,自稱是早起的鳥兒、夜貓子,或者過(guò)著在兩者之間的生活方式。
9月12日在《內(nèi)科醫(yī)學(xué)年鑒》(Annals of Internal Medicine)上發(fā)表的一篇論文顯示,早起的鳥兒可能不僅有蟲吃,他們還有更健康的生活習(xí)慣和更低的糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
論文的主要作者、布里格姆婦科醫(yī)院(Brigham and Women’s Hospital)和哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院(Harvard Medical School)的研究員西納·基亞納西博士對(duì)《財(cái)富》雜志表示:“我們的研究證明了喜歡熬夜的夜貓子面臨明顯的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn),尤其是糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以及為什么生活習(xí)慣非常重要?!?/p>
而根據(jù)飲食、體育鍛煉、吸煙、飲酒和睡眠習(xí)慣等指標(biāo)判斷,夜貓子有不健康生活方式的概率高54%。在這項(xiàng)研究中,夜貓子是指有“明確的深夜睡眠模式”的人,他們?cè)谕砩细杏X更有精力而且往往很晚睡覺。
基亞納西說(shuō):“研究發(fā)現(xiàn),夜貓子普遍存在吸煙、酗酒、睡眠不足或運(yùn)動(dòng)不足……以及糟糕飲食等問(wèn)題。根據(jù)這種一致的模式,我們認(rèn)為我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果并不是因?yàn)榕既换蚯珊??!?/p>
夜貓子有害的習(xí)慣
布里格姆婦科醫(yī)院和哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員從2009年開始,在約八年時(shí)間內(nèi)研究了超過(guò)63,000名45歲至62歲護(hù)士的健康結(jié)果、生活習(xí)慣和睡眠類型。受訪者在研究開始時(shí)沒有健康問(wèn)題。
研究顯示,夜貓子患糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高72%。糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)升高的情況,在不上夜班的夜貓子們身上更加明顯。論文的作者解釋稱,體重指數(shù)、體育活動(dòng)水平和飲食,對(duì)熬夜與糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的關(guān)系有重要影響。
基亞納西表示:“我們發(fā)現(xiàn),夜貓子糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提高的主要原因是他們不健康的生活習(xí)慣?!?/p>
然而,基亞納西稱,19%的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能要?dú)w咎于遺傳基因、新陳代謝和其他生物學(xué)機(jī)制,但在這方面需要開展更多的研究。去年發(fā)布的一篇研究論文指出,夜貓子可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生更大的胰島素抗性。
基亞納西說(shuō):“這些研究結(jié)果對(duì)公共健康的意義重大……我們可以推廣和開發(fā)定向健康干預(yù)措施和有針對(duì)性地發(fā)布公共健康信息?!?/p>
基亞納西表示,雖然要養(yǎng)成早起的習(xí)慣可能很難,而且需要醫(yī)生的幫助,但還有其他方法能夠應(yīng)對(duì)熬夜帶來(lái)的健康后果。
這些方法包括每天晚上保證七至九個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠、健康飲食、在工作日?qǐng)?jiān)持運(yùn)動(dòng),以及避免酗酒等。
基亞納西說(shuō):“對(duì)夜貓子而言,這非常重要。”美國(guó)印第安納州睡眠中心(Indiana Sleep Center)的醫(yī)學(xué)總監(jiān)、SleepFoundation.org的專家,以及《睡眠治愈法:獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)睡眠的七個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單步驟》(Sleep to Heal: 7 Simple Steps to Better Sleep)一書的作者之一阿比納夫·辛格博士之前曾經(jīng)告訴《財(cái)富》雜志,午夜之前上床睡覺,可以保證最佳深度睡眠。
值得注意的是,這項(xiàng)研究的局限性在于其樣本規(guī)模,其受訪者主要是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位更高的中年白人女性。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
Do you jump up at the crack of dawn to seize the day, or do you find yourself with a bundle of energy long into the evening hours? Many of us are self-proclaimed morning birds, night owls, or rest somewhere in the middle based on our personal preferences, energy levels, genetics, and even work schedules.
A recent study, published on September 12 in the Annals of Internal Medicine, suggests early birds may not only catch the worm but have healthier lifestyle habits and a lower risk for diabetes.
“Our findings underline the distinct health risks that night owls face, particularly concerning diabetes, and why lifestyle habits play a significant role,” Sina Kianersi, Ph.D., lead author on the study and research fellow at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, tells Fortune.
Night owls—referred to in the study as those with a “definite evening chronotype,” who feel more energetic at night and tend to go to bed later—were 54% more likely to engage in unhealthy lifestyle habits measured by diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol intake, and sleep habits.
“Night owls were consistently found to have patterns of smoking, excessive drinking, not getting enough sleep or exercise…and a poor diet,” Kianersi says. “This is this consistent pattern that we see with suggested results that are not just by chance or coincidence.”
Night owls’ harmful health habits
Researchers from Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School examined the health outcomes, lifestyle habits, and chronotypes of over 63,000 nurses from age 45 to 62 over about eight years starting in 2009. They had no previous health issues at the beginning of the study.
According to the study, night owls have a 72% increased risk of developing diabetes. The increased risk was also more pronounced in night owls who were not night shift workers. The authors explain that BMI, physical activity levels, and diet significantly contributed to the relationship between night owls and diabetes risk.
“Much of the increased risk that we saw in night owls for diabetes was because of their unhealthy habits,” Kianersi says.
However, 19% of the risk is likely attributed to genetics, metabolism, and other biological mechanisms, Kianersi says, but more research needs to be done here. One study published last year suggests night owls may be more insulin-resistant.
“These findings have public health implications…We can promote and develop targeted health interventions and targeted public health messaging,” Kianersi says.
While trying to become a morning bird may be extremely difficult and take the help of a doctor, Kianersi says there are other ways to combat the health consequences of the night owl.
This means sleeping between seven and nine hours each night, eating a healthy diet, moving during the week, and not binge drinking.
“For the night owls, that is particularly important,” Kianersi says. Going to bed before midnight also ensures you get optimal deep sleep, Dr. Abhinav Singh, medical director, Indiana Sleep Center, expert at SleepFoundation.org, and coauthor of Sleep to Heal: 7 Simple Steps to Better Sleep, previously told Fortune.
It’s important to note that the study’s limitation lies in the sample size, which consisted of predominantly middle-aged white females with higher socioeconomic statuses.