蛋白質是三種宏量營養素之一,幫助我們的身體修復肌肉、骨骼和細胞,對保持人體結構完整至關重要。事實上,我們的體內含有大約10,000種蛋白質幫助人體正常運轉。蛋白質由氨基酸鏈組成,因為有九種必需氨基酸無法由身體產生,所以我們必須從食物中獲取蛋白質。
但是我們每天到底需要多少蛋白質呢?理想的蛋白質攝入量取決于年齡、活動水平和體重,還取決于攝入蛋白質時食物同時提供的其它營養成分。所以可不是簡單地吃一塊西冷牛排或一大塊午餐肉就完事,算法要復雜得多。
多少蛋白質算夠?
一般的建議是,大多數健康的成年人每公斤體重需要0.8克蛋白質。你也能夠用你的體重(磅數)乘以0.36來計算理想的蛋白質攝入克數。例如,一個170磅重的人每天大約需要62克蛋白質,而一個190磅重的人每天大約需要69克蛋白質。
根據美國國家醫學院(National Academy of Medicine)的建議,蛋白質應該占你每天總熱量攝入的10%到35%,這個數值范圍之廣凸顯了不同人的蛋白質攝入量存在巨大差異。
一些專家說,與其糾結于復雜的計算,不如每頓飯都堅持吃富含蛋白質的食物,比如海鮮、瘦肉、家禽、雞蛋、豆類、堅果、種子和豆制品。要在一天中分散攝入蛋白質,同時注重水果、蔬菜、谷物和乳制品的平衡,這么做可能更簡單。
此外,俄亥俄州立大學韋克斯納醫學中心(The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center)的注冊營養師錫耶納·霍利向《財富》雜志表示,每日蛋白質建議攝入量并非“一成不變的”。她說,懷孕、運動量和年齡等因素都可能影響人們應該攝入的蛋白質含量。
你這個年紀需要多少蛋白質?
肌肉量從30歲開始減少。塔夫茨大學(Tufts University)的美國農業部人類衰老營養研究中心(Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging)的資深科學家羅格·菲爾丁說,這種現象被稱為肌肉衰減癥,指的是“與年齡相關的肌肉含量和功能的損失”。一般的建議攝入量可能沒有考慮到成年人隨著年紀見長,需要更多的蛋白質來彌補肌肉流失的損耗。研究表明,老年人蛋白質攝入量的增加與認知功能和身體健康的改善之間存在相關性。
根據2020年至2025年膳食指南,71歲及以上的人群中,大約50%的女性和30%的男性攝入的蛋白質都不夠。隨著年齡的增長,肌肉量開始減少,一些專家建議從40歲開始增加蛋白質攝入量至每公斤體重1克至1.2克。
如果你規律運動,需要多少蛋白質?
活動水平也會影響你需要多少蛋白質來生長和修復肌肉。菲爾丁說,如果你很活躍,經常做力量訓練,鍛煉后攝入更多的蛋白質就合情合理。
對于那些經常運動的人,可以考慮將蛋白質攝入量增加到每公斤體重1.2到2克。同樣應該在一天中分散攝入,不過運動后要優先攝入碳水化合物和蛋白質。
最優質的蛋白質是什么?
不要只想著多吃肉。要多吃飽和脂肪含量不高、加工程度不高的蛋白質,工業加工會損耗它們的核心營養價值。
例如,豆類富含蛋白質和纖維,所以它們消化得更慢,給你帶來更強的滿足感和飽腹感。這就是為什么蛋白質“包”很重要——指的是蛋白質中決定其健康程度的一系列特點。也可以考慮瘦肉、植物肉和海鮮。
富含蛋白質的食物:
? 三文魚:每5盎司三文魚含有27克蛋白質
? 瘦雞胸肉:每6盎司瘦雞胸肉含有54克蛋白質
? 白鮭魚:每片白鮭魚中含有38克蛋白質
? 火雞胸肉:每3.5盎司火雞胸肉含有29克蛋白質
富含蛋白質的素食食物:
? 小扁豆:半杯小扁豆含有12克蛋白質
? 希臘酸奶:每6盎司酸奶含有15克至20克蛋白質
? 雞蛋:一個雞蛋含有6克至8克蛋白質
? 鷹嘴豆:一杯鷹嘴豆含有14.5克蛋白質
什么時候攝入蛋白質效果最佳?
蛋白質代謝較慢,能夠幫助減少饑餓感。所以,應當在一天中分散蛋白質的攝入時間。
“研究表明,大多數人在晚餐時攝入了一天膳食中的大部分蛋白質,而在早餐和午餐時攝入的蛋白質要少得多。”菲爾丁說,“有證據表明,一天中分散攝入蛋白質可能比一頓飯攝入大部分蛋白質可以更好地維持肌肉含量?!?/p>
是否存在所謂的蛋白質攝入過量?
確實有可能攝入過多蛋白質。蛋白質攝入過量會導致口臭、心臟病和腎臟疾病。對于那些已經患有腎病或患腎病風險較高的人來說,過多的蛋白質可能是有害的,所以你應該咨詢醫生了解你的蛋白質需求。
如果沒有具體的限制,就要注意一天中分散蛋白質的攝入時間,選擇飽和脂肪含量不高的瘦肉。紅肉含量較高的飲食會增加患心臟病和結腸癌的風險。(財富中文網)
譯者:Agatha
蛋白質是三種宏量營養素之一,幫助我們的身體修復肌肉、骨骼和細胞,對保持人體結構完整至關重要。事實上,我們的體內含有大約10,000種蛋白質幫助人體正常運轉。蛋白質由氨基酸鏈組成,因為有九種必需氨基酸無法由身體產生,所以我們必須從食物中獲取蛋白質。
但是我們每天到底需要多少蛋白質呢?理想的蛋白質攝入量取決于年齡、活動水平和體重,還取決于攝入蛋白質時食物同時提供的其它營養成分。所以可不是簡單地吃一塊西冷牛排或一大塊午餐肉就完事,算法要復雜得多。
多少蛋白質算夠?
一般的建議是,大多數健康的成年人每公斤體重需要0.8克蛋白質。你也能夠用你的體重(磅數)乘以0.36來計算理想的蛋白質攝入克數。例如,一個170磅重的人每天大約需要62克蛋白質,而一個190磅重的人每天大約需要69克蛋白質。
根據美國國家醫學院(National Academy of Medicine)的建議,蛋白質應該占你每天總熱量攝入的10%到35%,這個數值范圍之廣凸顯了不同人的蛋白質攝入量存在巨大差異。
一些專家說,與其糾結于復雜的計算,不如每頓飯都堅持吃富含蛋白質的食物,比如海鮮、瘦肉、家禽、雞蛋、豆類、堅果、種子和豆制品。要在一天中分散攝入蛋白質,同時注重水果、蔬菜、谷物和乳制品的平衡,這么做可能更簡單。
此外,俄亥俄州立大學韋克斯納醫學中心(The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center)的注冊營養師錫耶納·霍利向《財富》雜志表示,每日蛋白質建議攝入量并非“一成不變的”。她說,懷孕、運動量和年齡等因素都可能影響人們應該攝入的蛋白質含量。
你這個年紀需要多少蛋白質?
肌肉量從30歲開始減少。塔夫茨大學(Tufts University)的美國農業部人類衰老營養研究中心(Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging)的資深科學家羅格·菲爾丁說,這種現象被稱為肌肉衰減癥,指的是“與年齡相關的肌肉含量和功能的損失”。一般的建議攝入量可能沒有考慮到成年人隨著年紀見長,需要更多的蛋白質來彌補肌肉流失的損耗。研究表明,老年人蛋白質攝入量的增加與認知功能和身體健康的改善之間存在相關性。
根據2020年至2025年膳食指南,71歲及以上的人群中,大約50%的女性和30%的男性攝入的蛋白質都不夠。隨著年齡的增長,肌肉量開始減少,一些專家建議從40歲開始增加蛋白質攝入量至每公斤體重1克至1.2克。
如果你規律運動,需要多少蛋白質?
活動水平也會影響你需要多少蛋白質來生長和修復肌肉。菲爾丁說,如果你很活躍,經常做力量訓練,鍛煉后攝入更多的蛋白質就合情合理。
對于那些經常運動的人,可以考慮將蛋白質攝入量增加到每公斤體重1.2到2克。同樣應該在一天中分散攝入,不過運動后要優先攝入碳水化合物和蛋白質。
最優質的蛋白質是什么?
不要只想著多吃肉。要多吃飽和脂肪含量不高、加工程度不高的蛋白質,工業加工會損耗它們的核心營養價值。
例如,豆類富含蛋白質和纖維,所以它們消化得更慢,給你帶來更強的滿足感和飽腹感。這就是為什么蛋白質“包”很重要——指的是蛋白質中決定其健康程度的一系列特點。也可以考慮瘦肉、植物肉和海鮮。
富含蛋白質的食物:
? 三文魚:每5盎司三文魚含有27克蛋白質
? 瘦雞胸肉:每6盎司瘦雞胸肉含有54克蛋白質
? 白鮭魚:每片白鮭魚中含有38克蛋白質
? 火雞胸肉:每3.5盎司火雞胸肉含有29克蛋白質
富含蛋白質的素食食物:
? 小扁豆:半杯小扁豆含有12克蛋白質
? 希臘酸奶:每6盎司酸奶含有15克至20克蛋白質
? 雞蛋:一個雞蛋含有6克至8克蛋白質
? 鷹嘴豆:一杯鷹嘴豆含有14.5克蛋白質
什么時候攝入蛋白質效果最佳?
蛋白質代謝較慢,能夠幫助減少饑餓感。所以,應當在一天中分散蛋白質的攝入時間。
“研究表明,大多數人在晚餐時攝入了一天膳食中的大部分蛋白質,而在早餐和午餐時攝入的蛋白質要少得多。”菲爾丁說,“有證據表明,一天中分散攝入蛋白質可能比一頓飯攝入大部分蛋白質可以更好地維持肌肉含量?!?/p>
是否存在所謂的蛋白質攝入過量?
確實有可能攝入過多蛋白質。蛋白質攝入過量會導致口臭、心臟病和腎臟疾病。對于那些已經患有腎病或患腎病風險較高的人來說,過多的蛋白質可能是有害的,所以你應該咨詢醫生了解你的蛋白質需求。
如果沒有具體的限制,就要注意一天中分散蛋白質的攝入時間,選擇飽和脂肪含量不高的瘦肉。紅肉含量較高的飲食會增加患心臟病和結腸癌的風險。(財富中文網)
譯者:Agatha
Protein, one of three types of macronutrients, helps our bodies repair the muscles, bones, and cells vital to keeping our bodies structurally intact. In fact, we are made up of roughly 10,000 various proteins that help us function. Protein is made up of chains of amino acids, and because the nine essential amino acids are not made by the body, we must get protein from food.
But how much protein do we actually need every day? Ideal protein intake varies by age, activity level, and weight. It also depends on the nutrients consumed alongside a protein source, so it may be more complex than merely packing in a sirloin steak or a load of lunch meat and calling it a day.
How much protein is enough?
The general recommendation is that most healthy adults need about 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. You can also multiply your weight in pounds by 0.36 to calculate the rounded ideal number of grams. For example, a person who weighs 170 pounds would need around 62 grams of protein per day or about 69 grams for someone who weighs 190 pounds.
Anywhere from 10% to 35% of your daily caloric intake should be protein, according to the National Academy of Medicine, a wide range that underscores how protein intake varies greatly depending on the individual.
Rather than getting caught up in complicated calculations, some experts say to just focus on eating?protein rich foods?throughout the day, such as seafood, lean meats, poultry, eggs, legumes, nuts, seeds, and soy products. Incorporating protein throughout your day, along with a balance of fruits, vegetables, grains and dairy may be an easier way think about it.
Additionally, the recommended daily allowance of protein is not a “one-size fits all” approach, Siera Holley, a registered dietician at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center tells Fortune. Factors such as pregnancy, amount of exercise, and age all may play a factor in how much protein people should aim for, she says.
How much protein do you need as you age?
Muscle mass begins to reduce starting in your 30s. Known as sarcopenia, it’s “the age-associated loss of muscle mass and function,” says Roger Fielding, senior scientist in nutrition, exercise physiology, and sarcopenia at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University. The general recommendation may not account for the fact that older adults need more protein to counter this muscle loss. Studies have shown a correlation between increased protein intake for older adults and improved cognitive function and physical health.
Roughly 50% of women and 30% of men 71 and older don’t get enough protein, according to the 2020-2025 dietary guidelines. As you age and muscle mass begins to shrink, some experts recommend increasing protein intake to 1–1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight beginning at age 40.
How much protein do you need if you exercise regularly?
Activity level can also alter how much protein you need to build and repair muscles. If you’re active and do strength training, consuming more protein post workout makes sense, Fielding says.
For those regularly active, consider upping protein intake to 1.2 to 2 grams?per kilogram of body weight. And this protein should also be spaced out during the day, with a prioritization of carbohydrates and protein following exercise.
What’s the best type of protein?
Don’t just think about eating more meat. Consider proteins that are not high in saturated fats?and not highly processed, which can strip them of core nutrients.
Legumes provide protein and are rich in fiber, so they are digested slower and make you feel more satisfied and full, for example. This is why the protein “package” matters—the host of qualities within a protein that determines how healthy it is. Consider lean meats, plant-based meats and seafood as well.
Protein-rich foods:
? Salmon: 27 grams of protein for a 5 oz salmon
? Lean chicken breast: 54 grams of protein for a 6 oz lean chicken breast
? Whitefish: 38 grams of protein for one filet of whitefish
? Turkey breast: 29 grams of protein for 3 ? oz of turkey breast
Vegetarian protein-rich foods:
? Lentils: 12 grams of protein for a ? cup of lentils
? Greek yogurt: 15-20 grams of protein for a 6 oz cup of yogurt
? Eggs: 6-8 grams of protein in one egg
? Chickpeas (garbanzo beans): 14.5 grams of protein for one cup of chickpeas
When’s the best time to have protein?
Protein can help decrease hunger because it metabolizes slowly. Therefore, spreading protein intake throughout the day is beneficial.
“Studies have shown that most people consume the bulk of their dietary protein at the evening meal with far less being consumed at breakfast and lunch,” Fielding says. “There is evidence that the distribution of protein intake throughout the day may be better for maintenance of muscle mass than consuming the majority of protein at one meal.”
Is there such a thing as too much protein?
It is indeed possible to eat too much protein. Excess protein can lead to bad breath, heart disease and kidney disease. For those with kidney disease already, or at higher risk for the disease, too much protein can be harmful so you should talk to your doctor to understand your protein needs.
While there isn’t a specific limit, it’s important to spread protein throughout the day and choose lean sources that are not high in saturated fats. A diet rich in red meats can raise your risk of heart disease and colon cancer.