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遭遇職場侵犯,該如何應對?

Jennifer Mizgata
2021-09-05

職場文化必須有所改變,尤其是要打破男性主導的職場準則。

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圖片來源:Photo Illustration by Fortune; original photograph by Byron Cohen—NBCU Photo Bank/NBCUniversal via Getty Images

問題:有一名同事讓我很苦惱,我不知道應該怎么跟他說,或者我該為此做些什么。與許多人一樣,自從去年突然改為遠程辦公之后,我一直在家里工作,我要花很多時間參加公司的視頻電話會議,而這讓我覺得越來越尷尬。在會議期間,有一位資格較老的同事(他不是我的上司,但卻是公司管理人員之一)開始在Zoom上用一種閑聊的方式給我發私信,我覺得這不太妥當。

他總是談論一些私人話題。我們在工作中不常打交道,他給我發私信從來不是因為工作需要。他還會在會議期間對我和其他女性品頭論足。或許他認為自己只是在閑聊天或者想表現得親切一點,但他愛談論他人的外貌和住處,還會猜想我們的個人生活,這讓我很不舒服。我不確定他對我做的算不算過分,但我擔心他會得寸進尺,真希望這一切都沒有發生。

——米歇爾

親愛的米歇爾:

我上周在東海岸一個濱海小鎮度假的時候,一邊牽著狗穿過一個安靜的社區,一邊思考如何回答你的問題。當我沉浸在思考問題的時候,我的狗則在當地居民家的院子外興奮地跑來跑去,這時有人對我大喊。我嚇了一跳,抬頭看到一個陌生人從一輛正在行駛的卡車里對著我飛吻。我過了一會兒才意識到我被人搭訕了。我低下頭走開,習慣性地表現得若無其事。

然后我像動畫片里一樣恍然大悟,回頭看了一眼那輛遠去的卡車,這時我才明白過來,當我在大街上思考你提出的是否要對工作中面臨的潛在騷擾采取行動這個問題時,我竟然被騷擾了。

我很生氣。不只是對那個陌生人生氣,也在生我自己的氣,因為我已經習慣了在大街上被人喊叫,當時竟然沒有做出反應。如果不是要給你回信,我甚至不會停下來,或者事后把這件事講給其他人聽,因為這件事情唯一值得注意的是它發生的時間,令我覺得諷刺。我的遭遇與你的相比不值一提,但它卻提醒我,如果我們在面對不良行為或者性騷擾時,總是沒有態度的話,這種騷擾就會正常化。

你面臨的情況更加復雜,因為它發生在工作當中,而且是來自一名比你更有權勢的男性。他或許不是你的上司,但顯然你一直在權衡他在公司的地位和他對你的表現之間的關系。與街上的陌生人不同,你的事業和信譽都與每天一起共事的人息息相關。你做出應對或者忍氣吞聲都可能會影響你的前途,而且我感覺這也是你對此搖擺不定的原因。如果你對這個人采取行動,你可能遭到報復,但與此同時,不回復私信似乎也不是一個好的選擇。

從我的角度來看,顯然你正在遭遇職場騷擾。他可能會做一些(或者要求你做一些)更糟糕的事情,但這與他現在的行為并不矛盾。很可惜,騷擾在我們的文化中根深蒂固,人們早已司空見慣,因此我們經常會對騷擾事件視而不見,并且不會特意拿出時間討論這些問題。你的遭遇中有一些跡象。你的同事談論你的方式令你不舒服,你“真希望沒發生過這種事情”,而且它正在形成一種令人分心的工作環境。

除此之外,這件事發生在Zoom上,這又增加了另外一個跡象:不僅你在思考如何處理這個人對你說的話,他的信息正在通過一種新的傳播方式傳播給你的所有同事,這加劇了遠程辦公的情緒負擔。

雖然這種情況在你開始遠程辦公之后才出現,但實際上網絡騷擾比你想象的更加普遍。諾維奇大學(Norwich University)的經濟學副教授杰奎琳·斯特雷尼諾發表了研究遠程辦公和新冠疫情影響的論文。她一直在跟蹤網絡騷擾現象增多的原因以及新的方式,比如你的遭遇。

她對我說:“遠程辦公產生或者增強了許多職場性騷擾的風險因素。新出現的信息通信技術(或者其日益普及)是一個重要的風險因素(例如Zoom、WhatsApp、Slack等)。這些通信技術都有一對一側信道通信選項,這類通信缺少監督或者監督有限,而且沒有旁觀者。”

皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)多年來一直在研究網絡騷擾問題。該中心指出,“41%的美國人經歷過某種形式的網絡騷擾”,而且近幾年,騷擾變得更加露骨。

盡管你的遭遇非常普遍,但我們通常沒有意識到這是一個問題。騷擾現象頻發意味著人們忽視了這類現象,就像我對待搭訕者一樣,或者人們沒有重視其真正的影響,比如我擔心你現在還不確定這是否構成騷擾。但騷擾是一個聯合國(United Nations)都非常重視的嚴重問題。聯合國婦女署(UN Women)曾經專門研究過女性在新冠疫情期間遭遇更多網絡暴力的現象,并為組織和個人提供了建議。我采訪了聯合國婦女署副總干事兼副執行主任阿妮塔·巴蒂亞。她解釋了在新冠疫情期間網絡暴力增加的情況,這與基于性別的身體暴力的情況類似,但網絡暴力實際曝光的情況可能更少。她說:“這類暴力更難跟蹤,因為施暴者往往隱藏在暗處。女性甚至經常沒有意識到自己遭到了性騷擾,以及如何來界定這種現象。她們知道這種情況不正常,知道某些做法是錯誤的,但她們無法判斷這種行為在什么情況下會演變成騷擾。”

不僅騷擾發生的方式令人很難抓到現行,而且工作環境也令女性變得更加弱勢。阿妮塔特別強調了虛擬會議給女性帶來的挑戰。她指出:“遠程辦公的問題之一是,從事某類工作的員工必須始終在線。你從早上到中午再到晚上,一整天都在開Zoom會議。就接近被騷擾者的機會來說,騷擾者接近被騷擾者的途徑變得越來越多。”

你不能起身走開。如果有人給你發私信,其他人并不知道發生了什么,這時候如果你離開虛擬會議室,你可能會錯過一些信息,或者讓其他人以為你沒有專心參加會議。

將你的遭遇定性為騷擾,并了解廣泛的背景信息,可以幫助你決定自己是否應該采取行動以及如何行動。雇主負有解決騷擾問題的最終責任,但他們通常會無動于衷,這增加了解決問題的難度。事實上,在2021年,公司管理層絕大多數為男性,而且與以往相比,今年很少有女性進入管理高層,這進一步影響了職場文化。

阿妮塔表示:“男權主義在我們的生活中有巨大的影響力,而且權力結構導致對女性的暴力很容易被忽視。網絡暴力尤其有挑戰性,因為你沒有切實的證據。”

盡管沒有實際證據,但你能夠記錄許多信息。如果你還沒有開始這么做,建議你從現在開始就記錄下被騷擾的過程。杰奎琳說:“在遠程辦公環境下遭遇職場性騷擾,唯一對你有利的一點可能是:你可以截屏和/或拍攝下來,將證據保存好或者轉交給相關舉報方。”

記錄行為本身就是一種負擔,你作為受害者不得不做多一件事情,這是不公平的。騷擾本身是一種侮辱,而將騷擾過程記錄下來,意味著你在決定如何處理記錄內容時,要拿出更多時間閱讀這些內容。但不做記錄也存在風險。你所記錄的內容對于你的遭遇能否立案至關重要,它能夠證明一種行為模式,并且保護你免于遭到對方的反訴。

如果目前你覺得“立案”這個詞過于激進,你或許會想:“嗨,我可以直接跟對方談談,讓他冷靜下來。”如果你愿意這樣做當然可以,而且達特亞太中心(Dart Center)發布的一篇報告也建議首先與對方溝通,但在不確定對方可能如何回應的情況下,我不建議你這樣做。這份報告中提供了記錄同事或老板性騷擾的詳細建議。盡管你所面對的并不是像托德·帕克那樣的糟糕行為,但性騷擾在我們的文化中已經如此司空見慣,直面這種現象可能給舉報者帶來不良后果。如果你決定直接面對對方,你應該記錄下你們的交流過程。如果他能夠真正理解你的感受并從此放棄騷擾,那當然是好事。如果他依舊我行我素,假如他試圖報復或者你決定向其他人求助,你所記錄的內容就可以帶來幫助。

你所記錄的資料越詳細,它就更有可能給你帶來幫助。你的資料上一定要帶有時間戳;不要只保留一份沒有注明日期的流水賬。如果你用手寫的方式記錄,拍張照片發給自己,這樣照片上就會顯示事件發生的日期。在Zoom聊天中,你可以將信息截屏。該平臺的私信只有發送方或接收方能夠查看,因此你下載聊天記錄就可以查看私信內容,但其他人卻不能代表你下載聊天記錄。

你是否要分享自己的遭遇以及在什么時間分享,最終將取決于你自己,而你所掌握的證據的強度,可以幫助你做出最終的選擇。你會發現如果你決定繼續追究對方的責任,掌握一份證據記錄能夠給你帶來力量。最后,記錄自身遭遇的好處在于,你可以與能夠采取行動的人分享。

盡管遠程辦公增加了獲取幫助的難度,但你依然可以選擇向某人傾訴,并從他們那里得到哪些幫助。你無法直接來到某個人的辦公桌前,而是要預約然后透過屏幕與對方交流,這比面對面交流更加尷尬。你的朋友或值得信任的同事,或許會從不同的角度為你提供處理問題的建議。法律顧問能夠為你提供專業的法律支持。管理層有責任確立并維護公司的內部文化,但在實踐中往往難以預測管理者會如何回應員工個人的遭遇,尤其是當你投訴的對象與他們平級時。如果公司有人力資源部,那么你可以寄希望于該部門采取行動阻止對方的行為,特別是當你能夠證明對方違反了美國公平就業機會委員會(EEOC)有關性騷擾的規定時。

值得強調的是,歷史上,女性舉報這類行為,最終會遭到報復。杰奎琳說:“必須有更完善、更安全(不會使舉報人遭到報復)的舉報機制。20世紀90年代對美國聯邦雇員的一項調查發現,三分之二女性舉報者遭遇了變本加厲的騷擾、降級或失業。問題非常嚴重。”然而,現在人們更習慣了在線辦公,因此可以利用通信技術匿名舉報,或者設立虛擬監察辦公室,為性騷擾舉報者提供一個不必擔心遭到抵制的途徑。

雖然這樣說令人失望,但如果你選擇直面那位同事,或者他從其他同事那里得知你提出投訴,事情很有可能會升級。如果你還沒有這樣做,建議你慎重考慮整體網絡安全問題,以及你如何在網上更好地保護自己。米歇爾·費里爾的TrollBusters項目提供數字衛生課程,幫助避免騷擾、加強自我保護和防止侮辱行為從線上延伸到線下。羅里·派克信托基金會(Rory Peck Trust)也能夠指導你如何在網絡世界保護個人隱私信息,避免被人肉搜索。

我到目前為止一直在思考你的選擇以及你下一步需要慎重處理的事情,但我們不能因此忽視一個關鍵點:這種事情不應該發生在你身上。職場性騷擾是公司管理的失敗,騷擾者應該對他自己的行為負責。

杰奎琳指出:“歸根結底,職場文化必須有所改變,尤其是要打破男性主導的職場準則。更具體的行動包括更新政策和流程,提供識別和舉報性騷擾的明確指南。”

工作場所性騷擾問題必須得到積極地解決,并且我們需要反思,一個集體內部文化為什么會允許或鼓勵這類行為。阿妮塔說:“我認為領導者的重要性無需過多強調。他們應該以受害者為中心解決問題,真正認識到問題的存在,而不是試圖掩蓋問題。”

杰奎琳還表示,管理層應該思考Zoom等技術可能對職場文化產生的負面影響:“管理者/人力資源部門有責任管控公司采用的新信息通信技術,以確保它能夠為員工創造安全的工作環境,避免職場騷擾現象的出現。”

祝你有好心情。

珍(財富中文網)

問題:有一名同事讓我很苦惱,我不知道應該怎么跟他說,或者我該為此做些什么。與許多人一樣,自從去年突然改為遠程辦公之后,我一直在家里工作,我要花很多時間參加公司的視頻電話會議,而這讓我覺得越來越尷尬。在會議期間,有一位資格較老的同事(他不是我的上司,但卻是公司管理人員之一)開始在Zoom上用一種閑聊的方式給我發私信,我覺得這不太妥當。

他總是談論一些私人話題。我們在工作中不常打交道,他給我發私信從來不是因為工作需要。他還會在會議期間對我和其他女性品頭論足。或許他認為自己只是在閑聊天或者想表現得親切一點,但他愛談論他人的外貌和住處,還會猜想我們的個人生活,這讓我很不舒服。我不確定他對我做的算不算過分,但我擔心他會得寸進尺,真希望這一切都沒有發生。

——米歇爾

親愛的米歇爾:

我上周在東海岸一個濱海小鎮度假的時候,一邊牽著狗穿過一個安靜的社區,一邊思考如何回答你的問題。當我沉浸在思考問題的時候,我的狗則在當地居民家的院子外興奮地跑來跑去,這時有人對我大喊。我嚇了一跳,抬頭看到一個陌生人從一輛正在行駛的卡車里對著我飛吻。我過了一會兒才意識到我被人搭訕了。我低下頭走開,習慣性地表現得若無其事。

然后我像動畫片里一樣恍然大悟,回頭看了一眼那輛遠去的卡車,這時我才明白過來,當我在大街上思考你提出的是否要對工作中面臨的潛在騷擾采取行動這個問題時,我竟然被騷擾了。

我很生氣。不只是對那個陌生人生氣,也在生我自己的氣,因為我已經習慣了在大街上被人喊叫,當時竟然沒有做出反應。如果不是要給你回信,我甚至不會停下來,或者事后把這件事講給其他人聽,因為這件事情唯一值得注意的是它發生的時間,令我覺得諷刺。我的遭遇與你的相比不值一提,但它卻提醒我,如果我們在面對不良行為或者性騷擾時,總是沒有態度的話,這種騷擾就會正常化。

你面臨的情況更加復雜,因為它發生在工作當中,而且是來自一名比你更有權勢的男性。他或許不是你的上司,但顯然你一直在權衡他在公司的地位和他對你的表現之間的關系。與街上的陌生人不同,你的事業和信譽都與每天一起共事的人息息相關。你做出應對或者忍氣吞聲都可能會影響你的前途,而且我感覺這也是你對此搖擺不定的原因。如果你對這個人采取行動,你可能遭到報復,但與此同時,不回復私信似乎也不是一個好的選擇。

從我的角度來看,顯然你正在遭遇職場騷擾。他可能會做一些(或者要求你做一些)更糟糕的事情,但這與他現在的行為并不矛盾。很可惜,騷擾在我們的文化中根深蒂固,人們早已司空見慣,因此我們經常會對騷擾事件視而不見,并且不會特意拿出時間討論這些問題。你的遭遇中有一些跡象。你的同事談論你的方式令你不舒服,你“真希望沒發生過這種事情”,而且它正在形成一種令人分心的工作環境。

除此之外,這件事發生在Zoom上,這又增加了另外一個跡象:不僅你在思考如何處理這個人對你說的話,他的信息正在通過一種新的傳播方式傳播給你的所有同事,這加劇了遠程辦公的情緒負擔。

雖然這種情況在你開始遠程辦公之后才出現,但實際上網絡騷擾比你想象的更加普遍。諾維奇大學(Norwich University)的經濟學副教授杰奎琳·斯特雷尼諾發表了研究遠程辦公和新冠疫情影響的論文。她一直在跟蹤網絡騷擾現象增多的原因以及新的方式,比如你的遭遇。

她對我說:“遠程辦公產生或者增強了許多職場性騷擾的風險因素。新出現的信息通信技術(或者其日益普及)是一個重要的風險因素(例如Zoom、WhatsApp、Slack等)。這些通信技術都有一對一側信道通信選項,這類通信缺少監督或者監督有限,而且沒有旁觀者。”

皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center)多年來一直在研究網絡騷擾問題。該中心指出,“41%的美國人經歷過某種形式的網絡騷擾”,而且近幾年,騷擾變得更加露骨。

盡管你的遭遇非常普遍,但我們通常沒有意識到這是一個問題。騷擾現象頻發意味著人們忽視了這類現象,就像我對待搭訕者一樣,或者人們沒有重視其真正的影響,比如我擔心你現在還不確定這是否構成騷擾。但騷擾是一個聯合國(United Nations)都非常重視的嚴重問題。聯合國婦女署(UN Women)曾經專門研究過女性在新冠疫情期間遭遇更多網絡暴力的現象,并為組織和個人提供了建議。我采訪了聯合國婦女署副總干事兼副執行主任阿妮塔·巴蒂亞。她解釋了在新冠疫情期間網絡暴力增加的情況,這與基于性別的身體暴力的情況類似,但網絡暴力實際曝光的情況可能更少。她說:“這類暴力更難跟蹤,因為施暴者往往隱藏在暗處。女性甚至經常沒有意識到自己遭到了性騷擾,以及如何來界定這種現象。她們知道這種情況不正常,知道某些做法是錯誤的,但她們無法判斷這種行為在什么情況下會演變成騷擾。”

不僅騷擾發生的方式令人很難抓到現行,而且工作環境也令女性變得更加弱勢。阿妮塔特別強調了虛擬會議給女性帶來的挑戰。她指出:“遠程辦公的問題之一是,從事某類工作的員工必須始終在線。你從早上到中午再到晚上,一整天都在開Zoom會議。就接近被騷擾者的機會來說,騷擾者接近被騷擾者的途徑變得越來越多。”

你不能起身走開。如果有人給你發私信,其他人并不知道發生了什么,這時候如果你離開虛擬會議室,你可能會錯過一些信息,或者讓其他人以為你沒有專心參加會議。

將你的遭遇定性為騷擾,并了解廣泛的背景信息,可以幫助你決定自己是否應該采取行動以及如何行動。雇主負有解決騷擾問題的最終責任,但他們通常會無動于衷,這增加了解決問題的難度。事實上,在2021年,公司管理層絕大多數為男性,而且與以往相比,今年很少有女性進入管理高層,這進一步影響了職場文化。

阿妮塔表示:“男權主義在我們的生活中有巨大的影響力,而且權力結構導致對女性的暴力很容易被忽視。網絡暴力尤其有挑戰性,因為你沒有切實的證據。”

盡管沒有實際證據,但你能夠記錄許多信息。如果你還沒有開始這么做,建議你從現在開始就記錄下被騷擾的過程。杰奎琳說:“在遠程辦公環境下遭遇職場性騷擾,唯一對你有利的一點可能是:你可以截屏和/或拍攝下來,將證據保存好或者轉交給相關舉報方。”

記錄行為本身就是一種負擔,你作為受害者不得不做多一件事情,這是不公平的。騷擾本身是一種侮辱,而將騷擾過程記錄下來,意味著你在決定如何處理記錄內容時,要拿出更多時間閱讀這些內容。但不做記錄也存在風險。你所記錄的內容對于你的遭遇能否立案至關重要,它能夠證明一種行為模式,并且保護你免于遭到對方的反訴。

如果目前你覺得“立案”這個詞過于激進,你或許會想:“嗨,我可以直接跟對方談談,讓他冷靜下來。”如果你愿意這樣做當然可以,而且達特亞太中心(Dart Center)發布的一篇報告也建議首先與對方溝通,但在不確定對方可能如何回應的情況下,我不建議你這樣做。這份報告中提供了記錄同事或老板性騷擾的詳細建議。盡管你所面對的并不是像托德·帕克那樣的糟糕行為,但性騷擾在我們的文化中已經如此司空見慣,直面這種現象可能給舉報者帶來不良后果。如果你決定直接面對對方,你應該記錄下你們的交流過程。如果他能夠真正理解你的感受并從此放棄騷擾,那當然是好事。如果他依舊我行我素,假如他試圖報復或者你決定向其他人求助,你所記錄的內容就可以帶來幫助。

你所記錄的資料越詳細,它就更有可能給你帶來幫助。你的資料上一定要帶有時間戳;不要只保留一份沒有注明日期的流水賬。如果你用手寫的方式記錄,拍張照片發給自己,這樣照片上就會顯示事件發生的日期。在Zoom聊天中,你可以將信息截屏。該平臺的私信只有發送方或接收方能夠查看,因此你下載聊天記錄就可以查看私信內容,但其他人卻不能代表你下載聊天記錄。

你是否要分享自己的遭遇以及在什么時間分享,最終將取決于你自己,而你所掌握的證據的強度,可以幫助你做出最終的選擇。你會發現如果你決定繼續追究對方的責任,掌握一份證據記錄能夠給你帶來力量。最后,記錄自身遭遇的好處在于,你可以與能夠采取行動的人分享。

盡管遠程辦公增加了獲取幫助的難度,但你依然可以選擇向某人傾訴,并從他們那里得到哪些幫助。你無法直接來到某個人的辦公桌前,而是要預約然后透過屏幕與對方交流,這比面對面交流更加尷尬。你的朋友或值得信任的同事,或許會從不同的角度為你提供處理問題的建議。法律顧問能夠為你提供專業的法律支持。管理層有責任確立并維護公司的內部文化,但在實踐中往往難以預測管理者會如何回應員工個人的遭遇,尤其是當你投訴的對象與他們平級時。如果公司有人力資源部,那么你可以寄希望于該部門采取行動阻止對方的行為,特別是當你能夠證明對方違反了美國公平就業機會委員會(EEOC)有關性騷擾的規定時。

值得強調的是,歷史上,女性舉報這類行為,最終會遭到報復。杰奎琳說:“必須有更完善、更安全(不會使舉報人遭到報復)的舉報機制。20世紀90年代對美國聯邦雇員的一項調查發現,三分之二女性舉報者遭遇了變本加厲的騷擾、降級或失業。問題非常嚴重。”然而,現在人們更習慣了在線辦公,因此可以利用通信技術匿名舉報,或者設立虛擬監察辦公室,為性騷擾舉報者提供一個不必擔心遭到抵制的途徑。

雖然這樣說令人失望,但如果你選擇直面那位同事,或者他從其他同事那里得知你提出投訴,事情很有可能會升級。如果你還沒有這樣做,建議你慎重考慮整體網絡安全問題,以及你如何在網上更好地保護自己。米歇爾·費里爾的TrollBusters項目提供數字衛生課程,幫助避免騷擾、加強自我保護和防止侮辱行為從線上延伸到線下。羅里·派克信托基金會(Rory Peck Trust)也能夠指導你如何在網絡世界保護個人隱私信息,避免被人肉搜索。

我到目前為止一直在思考你的選擇以及你下一步需要慎重處理的事情,但我們不能因此忽視一個關鍵點:這種事情不應該發生在你身上。職場性騷擾是公司管理的失敗,騷擾者應該對他自己的行為負責。

杰奎琳指出:“歸根結底,職場文化必須有所改變,尤其是要打破男性主導的職場準則。更具體的行動包括更新政策和流程,提供識別和舉報性騷擾的明確指南。”

工作場所性騷擾問題必須得到積極地解決,并且我們需要反思,一個集體內部文化為什么會允許或鼓勵這類行為。阿妮塔說:“我認為領導者的重要性無需過多強調。他們應該以受害者為中心解決問題,真正認識到問題的存在,而不是試圖掩蓋問題。”

杰奎琳還表示,管理層應該思考Zoom等技術可能對職場文化產生的負面影響:“管理者/人力資源部門有責任管控公司采用的新信息通信技術,以確保它能夠為員工創造安全的工作環境,避免職場騷擾現象的出現。”

祝你有好心情。

珍(財富中文網)

Q: I’m creeped out by one of my coworkers, and I’m not sure if I should say or do something about it. Like many people, I’ve been working from home since we unexpectedly switched to remote work last year, and I spend a lot of time on company video calls, which have gotten increasingly awkward for me. One of the more senior men in the office (he’s not my boss, but he is in management) has started direct-messaging me over Zoom during meetings in a chatty way that feels inappropriate.

The messages are always personal. We don’t work closely together, and he’s never reaching out because he needs something for work. He’s also the kind of guy that often comments in meetings about me and other women. Maybe he thinks he’s making small talk or being friendly, but the way he talks about people’s appearance and their homes and makes assumptions about our personal lives makes me uncomfortable. I’m not sure that he’s crossed a line yet with me, but I’m afraid of encouraging him and really wish this wasn’t happening.

—Michelle

Dear Michelle,

Last week on vacation, I was walking my dog through a quiet neighborhood in a small East Coast beach town, thinking about how to respond to your question. Lost in my thoughts as my little pug enthusiastically explored the edges of people’s yards, someone yelled out at me. I jumped and looked up in time to see a stranger blowing me kisses from a passing truck. It took me a moment to realize I had been catcalled, and when I did, I looked down and away and brushed it off by habit.

Then I did a cartoonish double take and looked back at the departing truck as it dawned on me that I’d just been harassed in the street while weighing your concerns about whether or not to take action on the potential harassment you’re facing at work.

I felt annoyed. Not just at the stranger but also at myself, for being so used to being yelled at on the street that it almost didn’t register at first. If I hadn’t been working on writing back to you, I wouldn’t have paused or brought it up to anyone later, since the only thing that seemed notable was the ironic timing. My incident was minor in comparison with yours, but it is a good reminder that bad behavior—harassment, frankly—can become so normalized we don’t always even register it as such.

What makes your situation even more complicated is that it’s happening to you at work, and it’s coming from a man in a more powerful position than yours. This person might not be your manager, but it’s clear that you’ve been weighing what his position in the company means vis-à-vis how he’s acting toward you. Unlike a stranger in the street, your career and your reputation are connected to the people you work with daily. How you respond—or don’t—might impact your prospects, and I have a feeling that’s why you’re unsure of what to do. If you take action against this man, there may be repercussions for you, but at the same time it doesn’t feel like an option to just not respond to the direct messages.

From where I’m sitting, it pretty clearly looks like what you’re experiencing is harassment. The fact that there are so many worse things that he could be doing (or asking you to do) doesn’t negate the reality of what he’s actually doing now. Unfortunately, harassment is so normalized and ingrained in our culture that we often brush off incidents and don’t take the time to name them. Yet the signs are there. Your coworker is talking to you in a way that makes you uncomfortable, you “really wish this wasn’t happening,” and it’s creating a distracting work environment.

On top of that, this is happening on Zoom, which is adding another layer here: It’s not just that you’re questioning how to handle what this guy is saying to you, his messages are also arriving via a new way of communicating with all of your coworkers, compounding the emotional labor of working remotely.

While this situation seems to be a new development since you started working remotely, online harassment is more pervasive than you might think. Jacqueline Strenio, an assistant professor of economics at Norwich University who has published research on the impacts of remote work and the pandemic, has been tracking how online harassment is happening more and in new ways, as you’re experiencing.

“Remote work has introduced or enhanced many risk factors for workplace sexual harassment. New forms of information and communications technology (or increased use of them) are a key risk factor (think Zoom, WhatsApp, Slack),” she told me. “All of these forms of communication technology have options for one-on-one side-channel communication options with limited or no oversight or bystanders.”

Pew Research Center, which has been studying online harassment for years, notes that “41% of Americans have personally experienced some form of online harassment,” and in recent years, harassment has become more aggressive.

What you’re dealing with is so pervasive that we often don’t even recognize it as a problem at all. The regular exposure to harassment means that oftentimes people tune it out—as I did with my catcaller—or downplay the real impacts, as I worry you’re doing by wondering if this is harassment at all. But harassment is such a critical issue that the United Nations is taking it seriously. UN Women has produced research that specifically looks at the increase in online violence women faced during the pandemic, providing recommendations for organizations and individuals. I spoke with Anita Bhatia, assistant secretary-general and deputy executive director of UN Women, who explained how online violence, like physical gender-based violence, increased during the pandemic—and is likely underreported. “This kind of violence, because it is so insidious and hidden, is harder to track,” she told me. “Very often, women don’t even recognize that they’re being harassed and how to name it, what to call it. They know something’s off, they know something’s wrong, but at what point does it move from being x to y?”

It’s not just that the way this harassment happens makes it hard to see, it’s also that the working conditions make women more vulnerable. Anita stressed the challenges that are specific to virtual meetings. “One of the things about remote working is that it has, for certain classes of workers, meant that you are online all the time. You’re kind of trapped in that Zoom call after Zoom call, morning, noon, and night,” she said. “Just in terms of the sheer access that a harasser may have to somebody that they’re choosing to harass, they have more access.”

You can’t just get up and walk away. If someone is privately messaging you, others don’t see it happening, and by leaving a virtual meeting, you risk taking on the burden of missing information or appearing to not be engaged with the meeting.

Naming what you’re dealing with as harassment and understanding this broader context is all here to help prepare you to decide if, and how, you take action personally. Harassment is ultimately the responsibility of employers to address, though so often they do not, which can make this quite tricky to navigate. The fact that management is overwhelmingly male, and that fewer women are moving into senior positions in 2021 than they have in the past, further influences work cultures.

“Patriarchy has such a huge footprint in our lives, and power structures are such that it is very easy to ignore issues of violence against women, period. Online violence is particularly challenging because there is no physical evidence,” Anita said.

While there is no physical evidence, there is plenty to document. If you haven’t already started, now’s the time to begin documenting what’s happening. “This is perhaps the silver lining of workplace sexual harassment occurring in remote work settings—you can screenshot it and/or record it and then save it or forward it to the appropriate reporting party,” Jacqueline said.

The act of documenting itself can be a burden, and it’s unfair that it’s one more thing you have to do. The harassment itself is an affront, and documenting it means spending more time with that content while making choices about how to handle the documentation. But it’s also a risk not to be documenting what’s happening at this point. Documenting is critical to build a case around what you’ve been experiencing, to show a pattern of behavior, and, unfortunately, to protect yourself against potential counter-allegations.

If “build a case” sounds too strong to you right now, maybe you’re thinking, “Hey, I could just talk to this guy and tell him to chill out.” You can if you feel comfortable, and a tip sheet from the Dart Center that provides detailed recommendations for documenting sexual harassment from colleagues or bosses encourages this as a first step, but it’s hard for me advocate for that when I can’t read how he might respond. Even if you’re not dealing with a Todd Packer level of bad behavior, harassment has become so normalized in our culture that confronting it can sometimes backfire on the person who calls it out. If you decide to confront him, you should document that interaction. It would be great if he took your feelings to heart and backed off. If he doesn’t, documentation will help you if he tries to retaliate or if you decide to get other people involved.

The better your documentation, the better chance you have that it will be helpful to you. Make sure that your documentation has time stamps; don’t just keep a running document without dating entries. If you take handwritten notes, take a photo and email it to yourself so it’s dated when the incident occurred. For Zoom chats, you can always screenshot the messages. The platform only makes direct messages available to people who sent or received them, so you’ll be able to see those if you download chat transcripts, though others can’t download them on your behalf.

You’re the one who will ultimately decide if and when you’ll share your experience, and the strength of the evidence you’re able to capture will likely inform your choice. You might find it empowering just to have a record in case you decide to pursue things further. Ultimately, the power in documenting your experience will be in sharing that with someone who can take action.

You have options in who you reach out to and what you expect from them, though the way remote work happens also makes it harder to access help. Instead of being able to drop by someone’s desk, you’ll need to make an appointment, then deal with someone through a screen, which is more awkward than being in person. A friend or trusted colleague might offer you perspective and space to process what’s been happening. A counselor can provide support for you. Management has responsibility for setting and tending to internal culture, though in practice, it can be unpredictable how managers might respond to individual situations, especially given that you want to complain about someone in their ranks. If you have a human resources department, hopefully it can take action to stop the behavior, especially if you show that it’s violating the EEOC definition of sexual harassment.

It’s important to point out that, historically, women have faced retaliation for reporting this type of behavior. “There needs to be better and safer (as in retaliation-free) reporting mechanisms. A classic study from the ’90s on U.S. federal workers found that two-thirds of women who filed complaints faced future harassment, demotion, or job loss. This is incredibly problematic,” Jacqueline said. “However, now that workers are more comfortable with working online, there’s an opportunity to leverage communication technology for anonymous reporting or virtual ombudsmen offices to provide backlash-free avenues to report harassment.”

This is a bummer to mention, but there’s a chance that things might escalate if you choose to confront your colleague or if he hears from someone at work that you’ve complained. If you haven’t yet, you should think about your overall digital security and how you can better protect yourself online. Michelle Ferrier’s TrollBusters project offers digital hygiene lessons to help prevent harassment, protect yourself online, and keep abuse from migrating offline. The Rory Peck Trust also has guides on protecting your private information online and protecting yourself against trolling and doxxing.

I’ve been focused on your options thus far, and have given lots of attention to the things that you need to be cautious about as you move forward, but let’s not let that obscure a crucial point: This shouldn’t be happening to you. Harassment at the office is a failure of management, and the person who has been harassing you should be the one held accountable for his own behavior.

“It’s ultimately workplace culture that must be changed and specifically the disruption of masculine workplace norms,” Jacqueline said. “More concrete actions include updating policies and procedures and providing clear guidance on identifying and reporting sexual harassment.”

Workplaces need to proactively address harassment and how their internal cultures may allow or encourage this type of behavior. “I can’t stress enough the importance of leadership taking a victim-centered approach, and of really recognizing this as an issue and not brushing it under the carpet,” Anita said.

Management, Jacqueline added, should also be thinking about how tech such as Zoom can negatively affect workplace culture: “Managers/HR have the responsibility of regulating new and emerging information and communication technology used by the firm to ensure that it allows for workers to work with safety and security, which means free of harassment.”

Sending you lots of good vibes,

Jen

財富中文網所刊載內容之知識產權為財富媒體知識產權有限公司及/或相關權利人專屬所有或持有。未經許可,禁止進行轉載、摘編、復制及建立鏡像等任何使用。
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