我和林君叡坐在紅杉資本位于舊金山的辦公室里,保持著合適的社交距離。辦公室里除了我們倆和這家風投公司的通訊副總裁,別無旁人。
自從2010年起成為紅杉合伙人的林君叡并不健談,對我提出的每一個問題,他都深思熟慮,言簡意賅,說完便停下來看著我,等待下一個問題。氣氛因此而愈發沉悶。
在我15年的商業記者生涯中,從未遇到過這樣的采訪對象,他似乎覺得完全沒有必要做任何補充。
不過,這種不露聲色的低調和空空蕩蕩的辦公室只是假象。林君叡和他所在的公司,這家硅谷最早、最聲名顯赫的風投公司在過去一年里經歷了大風大浪,對科技界內外產生了巨大影響。
回顧2020年,林君叡總結說:“回想起來,我腦海中蹦出的詞匯是‘既興奮又疲憊’,經歷過很多高潮,也走過不少低谷。”
他說的高潮很容易理解。2020年,紅杉資本投資的7家公司首次公開募股(第8家公司Clover Health采用SPAC的形式上市)。
其中愛彼迎和DoorDash是當年最大的兩宗IPO,為投資公司帶來了目前市值總價超過230億美元的股份。退出的巨額回報讓2020年成為紅杉歷史上回報率最高的一年。
這家成立于1972年、以加州巨大的紅杉樹命名的公司在過去幾十年里已經成功投資谷歌、領英、甲骨文和其他眾多科技企業,在2020年顯得格外輝煌。在紅杉呼風喚雨的這一年里,林君叡更是站在了風口浪尖,愛彼迎和DoorDash都是他的“寶貝兒”,他也擔任了這兩家公司的董事。(就此而言,紅杉更傾向于以公司主導的形式開展投資,而非依賴于某位合伙人。)
至于低谷,就一言難盡了。這個方面更難量化,也更難言說,尤其是遇到沉默寡言的講述者時。
在加入紅杉成為風險投資人之前,林君叡曾經與企業家謝家華共同經營過若干家公司,并于2009年將旗下最有名的鞋類電商平臺Zappos賣給了亞馬遜。當時,林君叡是公司的首席財務官,謝家華擔任首席執行官。
有報道稱,謝家華近年來一直在嘗試戒毒戒酒。去年11月,他在康涅狄格州新倫敦因為房屋失火而受傷,隨后去世。林君叡和謝家華是大學同學,曾經作為商業伙伴和密友一起工作了15年,用林君叡的話說:“在我人生相當長的一段時間里,每天都能夠見到他。”
悲劇發生在新冠疫情期間,傷痛尤難平復。謝家華去世幾天后,向來注重隱私的林君叡在《福布斯》上發表了致友人的“最后一封信”,回憶了老友對自己的鼓勵,并利用這個機會做最后的道別。
“想不到,在新冠病毒肆虐的世界里,這種哀悼、告別的方式竟然如此真實。”
疫情或許讓林君叡在哀悼友人之際顯得比平日里更公開,但他仍然刻意遠離公眾的目光。
與硅谷的其他許多風險投資家不同,林君叡不常公開講演。他在社交媒體上花的時間不多,在深受科技圈喜愛的音頻網絡應用程序Clubhouse上也不活躍,只注冊賬號“嘗試”了一下。
“他沒有百萬推特粉絲,我覺得這不是壞事。”愛彼迎的聯合創始人及首席執行官布萊恩?切斯基說。
在此之前,林君叡從來沒有接受過深度訪談。不過,我們有幸打過兩次交道,一次是在紅杉的辦公室里,另一次是在Zoom上。他愿意公開談談最近幾個月的瘋狂經歷,也就是那些創紀錄的經濟收益和痛徹的個人損失;也同意聊聊謝家華的意外死亡對自己的影響,以及自己從已故合伙人兼朋友身上學到的東西。
對于自己在紅杉異常輝煌的2020年中所扮演的角色,他十分坦率,沒有絲毫自吹自擂。
事實上,林君叡與紅杉的關系可以追溯到他與謝家華合作之初。那是1997年,紅杉投資了他們的第一家公司LinkExchange,隨后又投資了兩人的第二家公司Zappos。2010年離開Zappos后,林君叡以合伙人的身份加入了紅杉。
謝家華和紅杉或多或少地塑造了林君叡的職業生涯道路。不過,這種影響絕非是單向的。聚光燈效應讓外界往往忽視了林君叡對前合伙人和現就職公司的重要性,但林君叡以他特有的方式,不動聲色地給二者留下了無法磨滅的印記。
“安息吧,好時光”
2008年秋天,紅杉資本的合伙人給所投資的各公司的創始人發了一份電子郵件,通知他們前來參加緊急全體會議,不得缺席。會議在沙丘路的Quadrus會議中心舉行,距離紅杉在加州門洛帕克的辦公室不遠。
參會的創始人和創始團隊成員總共只有一百多人,但會上傳遞的信息卻飛出了會議中心的四壁,在硅谷乃至更廣闊的創業界激起千層浪。
會議的目的在于向紅杉投資的公司發出嚴肅警告,讓創始人們意識到眼下的經濟衰退將對全球經濟造成怎樣的打擊,并希望借此機會給他們提供一些生存建議。(一句話:凜冬將至。)
為了確保信息傳達到位,公司合伙人準備了一份共計56頁的幻燈材料,題為“安息吧,好時光”。在這份籠罩著不祥氣息的演示材料里,每一張經濟圖表數據都一落千丈,第三頁干脆不著一字,只有一把尖刀插在豬頭上。
結果可想而知,會議奏效了。
引起業界注意的不只是這些圖表和圖畫。紅杉是硅谷的王者,只要是被他們選上的公司,就一定會得到認真對待。畢竟,從甲骨文到谷歌,不少最成功的科技公司背后都有紅杉的功勞。
因此,事情很簡單:紅杉一呼,初創界百應。那份不祥的幻燈片一經發布上網,傳播速度比最新的手機應用程序測試邀請還快。硅谷新聞網站TechCrunch稱之為“末日陳述”。企業家們大驚失色。裁員隨之而來,不僅是紅杉投資的那些公司,整個行業都在裁員。
彼時,林君叡和謝家華就在沙丘路會議中心的這些企業家中。他們倆共同經營著Zappos,接到通知后即從Zappos總部所在地拉斯維加斯飛來。
雖然豬頭幻燈片觸目驚心,紅杉會議傳達出的悲觀信息卻并沒有讓他們驚訝。自2008年下半年起,兩人已經注意到Zappos上的銷量開始放緩。他們知道,此刻生死攸關。
“紅杉不會向創始人公布這一類內容,除非真的非常重要、非常嚴肅。”林君叡說。
回到拉斯維加斯,他們迅速行動,裁掉了大約100名員工,占當時Zappos總人數的8%。經濟衰退的結果正如紅杉資本所料。
“那段時間,我注意到其中有一天的銷售額同比下跌了30%。”林君叡回憶道。“要知道,當時我們的年增長率是30%,因此可想而知,下跌30%是相當驚人的。事先準備好應付這種情況實在太重要了。如果我們當初沒有看到那個演示幻燈,就不可能如此認真對待。”
最終,Zappos不僅熬過了凜冬,甚至愈發成功,并于2009年以12億美元的價格賣給了亞馬遜。林君叡和謝家華能夠度過那段艱難時期,固然要歸功于紅杉資本的指導,更要多虧了彼此的支持。
合作十五載
林君叡和謝家華是在哈佛大學的一次宿舍聚會上認識的。當時林君叡四年級,謝家華三年級,兩人有很多的共同點。
“我們都戴著大眼鏡,穿著卡其褲,寬寬大大的紐扣襯衫下擺散在褲腰外。”林君叡記得,他倆站在角落里,冷靜地看著其他人開懷暢飲。別的學生都在狂歡,他們卻討論起了商業創意。“
雖然我覺得謝家華的想法很瘋狂,但和他海闊天空地即興討論很有趣。”林君叡說。“即便他認為我的想法太保守。”
林君叡一直有種滿腦子數學的書呆子傾向,確切地說,不只是傾向。在談到兒時的樂趣時,他說:“我們經常玩涉及算術內容的紙牌游戲。”
現年48歲的林君叡出生在中國臺灣,6歲來到美國讀小學一年級。他的父親在一家國際銀行任職,當時被派往紐約開設分行。他的母親原本也在銀行工作,但為了孩子的教育,搬到美國后便辭了職,成為全職媽媽。林君叡有個弟弟,兄弟倆在小學期間轉過三次學。
“倒不是為了住進更好的公寓,而是為了進更好的學區。”
以學業為重心的緊張童年和志趣相投的書呆子氣讓謝家華與林君叡成了好友。林君叡有條不紊,善于分析,謝家華則富有創造力,甚至有時不切實際。不過,他們都有一個大夢想。這一切,始于比薩。
在他們兩人居住的哈佛大學學生宿舍的一樓有一家餐廳,名叫昆西燒烤,售賣漢堡和薯條。但謝家華覺得,學生們真正想要的是比薩,尤其是在深夜聚會之后。
這家餐廳每年都會通過競標的方式招募新管理者,于是謝家華投標了,而且要求兩年的管理權。至于報價,他填的是“最高價+1美元”。這一招奏效了。
改賣比薩的想法也同樣大獲成功。謝家華投資購買了幾臺比薩烤爐,消息傳開,餐廳門口立刻排起了長隊。
林君叡當時還不是謝家華的商業伙伴,但他找到了參與比薩投資的門路。謝家華曾經對這個故事津津樂道,甚至把它寫進了2010年出版的《傳遞幸福》(Delivering Happiness,這本書主要講述的是兩人創造Zappos文化的經歷)。不過,林君叡回憶的版本略有不同。
兩人的關系越來越親密,林君叡也成了昆西燒烤的最佳顧客。這倒不是因為他自己吃得多,而是因為他每次都會買一整張比薩,然后再一片一片分銷出去。
根據謝家華的說法,為了盈利,林君叡會將每片比薩加價轉賣。(也正是這一點,讓謝家華萌生了有朝一日請這位朋友做自己的首席財務官的想法。)
但林君叡說,那些利潤完全是意外所得。他說自己從謝家華的餐廳里買比薩時就談好了折扣。因為購買量大,餐廳里一片比薩通常賣2美元,但賣給他則是1.25或1.5美元。然后他再把比薩送上樓按片售賣。但加價并不是為了賺取利潤。
“我并沒有抬高價格。但25美分的硬幣是稀缺物,要留著用于自助洗衣機投幣。”于是,學生們付給他2美元,而非1.25或1.5美元。
無論故事的真相如何,比薩連接起了二人的長期友誼和商業伙伴關系。他們尊重彼此的商業頭腦,相互取長補短,合作了15年。
畢業后,林君叡和謝家華去了西海岸。謝家華在甲骨文找了一份工作,但未能做長久;林君叡進入斯坦福大學攻讀博士學位,也未能堅持下來。他們都一門心思想創業。
1996年,謝家華創辦了在線廣告平臺LinkExchange,林君叡隨即加入,成了公司的首席財務官。1998年,他們將LinkExchange賣給微軟,然后成立了一家風投基金公司。
他們通過一宗小規模投資發現了一直在努力尋找增長點的Zappos,決定收購。謝家華擔任首席執行官,林君叡任首席財務官。兩人停下其余的風投基金項目,把所有資金都押在了鞋子上。
投資Zappos不僅是一項商業努力,它也給了兩人一個機會,去定義和創造心目中的理想企業文化。(相比之下,LinkExchange則讓他們有機會意識到什么樣的企業文化是自己不認同的。)他們的理念是要讓顧客和員工都滿意。這是一個革命性的想法。
Zappos呼叫中心的工作人員并不會因為快速結束與問題顧客的通話而受到獎勵。恰恰相反,他們與顧客溝通的時間越長,得到的認可就越高(最長的客服電話記錄為10小時51分鐘,至今仍然為公司稱道)。
他們為Zappos設立的使命包含一些非傳統的價值觀,比如“創造樂趣,與眾不同”和“敢于冒險,富于創造,思維開闊”。憑借這種獨特的文化和創新的客服方式,公司成了行業分析的經典案例。與此同時,林君叡和謝家華也建起了價值數十億美元的網上鞋店。
Zappos被亞馬遜收購后不久,林君叡離開公司加入紅杉資本,謝家華則繼續留任首席執行官直到2020年8月,也就是他去世前的幾個月。林君叡說,是謝家華幫助自己學會了如何與企業家共事,并且他的影響至今猶存。
“我覺得,我可以和謝家華愉快共事,與我擅長同許多創始人合作,這背后的原因是一樣的。因為我會試著分析他們的想法,并找出完善的途徑。我試著成為他們的搭檔和教練。這種嘗試,從我與謝家華共事時就開始了。”
圍繞謝家華的死,仍然有不明朗之處,林君叡不愿意對細節發表評論。但謝家華去世后的一些文章提到了他濫用毒品和行為不穩定的情況,以及他對火的迷戀。(謝家華嚴重受傷正是因為吸入了濃煙,他當時就住在康涅狄格州的那棟失火房屋內。)
謝家華去世后,林君叡受邀參加了一場在Zoom上舉行的親友追思會。但他說,此舉并不能夠寄托他的哀思,也未能讓悲傷終結。于是,盡管向來行事低調,他還是在網上發布了致謝家華的一封信。
“我想讓其他人讀到的,是我眼中的謝家華,是他身上的方方面面。有些人在謝家華一生的某個階段看到了他的某些部分。而我有幸看到他經歷的不同階段,從一個對商業感興趣、想在宿舍樓里開辦最佳餐廳的計算機專業的書呆子,到建立自己的第一個互聯網帝國,再到愛上Zappos。”
林君叡見證了謝家華將瘋狂的想法從概念變為現實,見證了他一次又一次籌措資金、一次又一次被拒絕。親身參與的經歷促使林君叡成長為一名企業家、一位投資者。
2020年的黑天鵝
2020年3月9日周一,紅杉資本的合伙人齊聚一堂,而這也是新冠疫情前合伙人的最后一次碰面。
早在1988年就加入紅杉資本的合伙人道格?萊昂內表示:“我敢說7月1日前復工無望,我賭20美元。但我希望自己不是贏家。”
2008年,萊昂內與資深投資者邁克爾?莫里茨牽頭發起了《R.I.P. Good Times》報告。如今,主角換成了紅杉資本年輕一代的合伙人:以林君叡和羅洛夫?博塔為主要推手的《黑天鵝備忘錄》再一次引起了人們的注意。該電子郵件于3月5日發出,幾天后就是紅杉資本合伙人最后一次碰頭的日子。
只是這一次,信息并未遭到泄露。紅杉資本在Medium平臺上公開發布了電子郵件的內容。
備忘錄的開篇第一句話就非常不吉利:“冠狀病毒是2020年的那只黑天鵝。你們(以及我們)當中的某些人已經受到了這種病毒的影響。我們了解你們所承受的壓力,我們愿意為你們提供幫助。鑒于生命受到威脅,我們希望情況可以盡快好轉。在此期間,我們應該做好應對動蕩的防范,并做好可能出現情況的思想準備。”
備忘錄最后的署名是“紅杉團隊”。但結尾部分被單獨拎出來的合伙人卻只有林君叡。
《黑天鵝備忘錄》引用了林君叡的一段話:“2008年金融危機之前,我被叫到紅杉辦公室聽取那個臭名昭著的《R.I.P. Good Times》報告,那時候我正擔任Zappos的首席運營官/首席財務官。和現在一樣,那時我們不知道將要面對的衰退會持續多久,也不清楚是急劇衰退還是緩慢下行。我能夠確認的是,那次報告讓我們的團隊和企業變得更加強大了。競爭對手遭到重創,而Zappos則挺過了金融危機,已經準備好抓住他們留下的機遇。”
紅杉資本和林君叡的預測基本上是正確的。但他們肯定會因為這個標題(以及其他幾個預言,我們將在后面進行討論)而遭到詬病。
林君叡稱:“有人說(疫情)是完全可以預見的,所以它不是一只黑天鵝。”他還補充道,那么多人因為疫情突然來襲而措手不及,這個事實就能夠用標題來加以凸顯。
不僅如此,他還表示:“這個標題可以吸引人眼球。”
紅杉資本對疫情給投資組合公司帶來直接沖擊的影響范圍或持續時間一無所知。但該公司認為,這種病毒的影響至少會持續幾個季度,供應鏈將受到極大影響。
和2008年一樣,紅杉資本再次建議其投資組合公司低調行事,重新評估員工數量和其他支出。
擔任愛彼迎、DoorDash等十多家公司董事會成員的林君叡與幾位企業家一起經歷了數次重大危機。在2009年紅杉資本早期押注愛彼迎之際,林君叡還未加入紅杉資本。2012年,擔任愛彼迎董事的合伙人離開了紅杉資本,留出了一個職位空缺。愛彼迎的首席執行官及聯合創始人切斯基請求莫里茨讓林君叡擔任公司董事。
切斯基說:“我是藝術學校出身,沒有公司運營經驗。(林君叡)懂運營,具有非常出色的分析能力。我們之間有點類似陰和陽的那種共生關系。”
林君叡還幫助Zappos打造了令愛彼迎創始人欽佩的企業文化。他和謝家華共同經歷了兩次經濟衰退(除2008年金融危機外,“9?11”事件后Zappos的銷售額也受到了沖擊)。事實證明,對切斯基而言,這些經驗和知識都非常寶貴。
2013年左右,林君叡實際上每周都會有一天時間在愛彼迎辦公。當時正值愛彼迎的高速增長期,切斯基也在努力壯大與之相匹配的高管團隊。除此之外,切斯基還需要應付監管訴訟和平臺上的歧視事件,急需一位幫助他處理日常管理事務的首席運營官。此時,林君叡登場了,他至少能夠臨時性協助切斯基加強客戶服務和內部運營。
切斯基稱:“我和他一起經歷了很多。”但此次新冠疫情將會以一種全新的方式考驗愛彼迎。
2020年3月,愛彼迎的業務量下降了80%。
切斯基說:“危機也是識人的機會。林君叡的身上具備了所有我期望的特質。他樂觀而穩重。他支持我們,并且實際上也以捍衛者的身份挺身而出。”
為了應對營收大幅下降的困境,愛彼迎必須做出舉債或股本融資的決定。舉債風險更高,但成本相對較低。林君叡是舉債的堅定支持者。他不想讓愛彼迎經歷增發股票帶來的一輪“降價融資”:股本增加,但公司估值降低。他對公司后續反彈能力充滿信心。
切斯基在談到董事會和林君叡處理這一決定的方式時指出:“這有點像是羅夏測試,看你站在哪一方。”
愛彼迎最終選擇舉債20億美元。該公司推遲了原定于2020年早些時候的首次公開募股,并最終在去年12月上市。紅杉資本共計向愛彼迎投資了3.75億美元。如今,紅杉資本持有的愛彼迎在短租市場的股份價值高達150億美元。IPO后,林君叡應允了切斯基讓其繼續擔任董事會成員的邀約。
在新冠疫情最嚴重的時候,兩人每周會交談數次,有時是每天都交流,也有時一天交談好幾個小時。
切斯基稱:“我們的關系非常密切。”兩人之間也從最初的商業關系發展成了友誼。
切斯基說:“他總是一本正經,表情嚴肅。他說話的時候聲音起伏不大。初次見面根本無法判斷他對你項目的喜好程度。但他非常有激情,而且他實際上是一個很感性的人。”
即便是面對面交流,一般人也很難在林君叡身上看到這些特點,至少對那些沒有切斯基那么了解他的人來說是這樣。
但為了證明林君叡更情緒化的一面,切斯基還提供了另一個證據:“謝家華不會讓非人文主義者做他的合伙人。”
從最初的拒絕到后來的欣然同意
除了弄錯《黑天鵝備忘錄》的標題外,紅杉資本還誤判了疫情引發的一個經濟影響:它預測民間借貸會像2001年以及2008年到2009年那樣,出現“顯著疲軟”。最終,雖然眾多企業和生命因為疫情而遭受重創,但疫情也對其他方面起到了推動作用。并且風投資金非但沒有枯竭,其流動性反而更勝以往。
在這場疫情風暴中,除了愛彼迎很快挽回頹勢外,紅杉資本的另一項投資,以及林君叡的董事會職位,實際上最終從疫情中獲得了豐厚回報,并因此誕生了年度第二大IPO:外賣應用程序DoorDash。
在談到這款外賣應用程序面對疫情的最初反應時,林君叡稱:“他們真的很害怕餐廳會難以存續。那段時期一切都充滿了不確定性。”
但林君叡從未動搖過。他和DoorDash的首席執行官及創始人徐訊已經成了朋友;自2014年紅杉投資DoorDash以來,林君叡一直是徐訊的董事會成員。林君叡花好幾個小時和徐訊一起研究數據,尋找趨勢,并對財務預測進行建模。
DoorDash不僅沒有迎來末日,與去年同期相比,2020年前9個月DoorDash的營收還翻了三番。究其原因,宅在家中的美國人訂購的外賣比以往任何時候都多。
與愛彼迎一樣,DoorDash也于去年12月上市。上市首日,公司股價收于190美元,比102美元的IPO價格足足上漲了86%。
然而,當林君叡第一次見到徐訊時,他并未堅定看好DoorDash這筆投資。當時,徐訊正在試圖籌集種子輪融資,并向林君叡提出了這筆交易。但林君叡認為,外賣市場已經非常擁擠,競爭過于激烈,還有Postmates、Caviar、Grubhub等一大批老牌競爭對手。他打電話給徐訊,告知了自己準備放棄這個投資機會的決定。
林君叡表示:“我真的感到很抱歉,因為我并不知道當時他在參加婚禮。”雖然那并不是徐訊的婚禮(兩周后徐訊也結婚了)。但當徐訊接到電話時,他正在給朋友做伴郎。
徐訊回憶道:“感覺就像是:‘好吧,對著鏡頭微笑。’要接受被拒絕的現實真的很難,特別是在你的公司急需資金的情況下。”
林君叡表示,雖然他已經放棄了這筆投資,但徐訊給他留下了深刻的印象:“我始終對此耿耿于懷。”
徐訊在公司情況分析中極盡細致地分析了餐廳廚房的運營方式,以及如何優化流程(從烹飪流水線到送貨上門)。這給林君叡留下了深刻的印象。而徐訊的堅韌同樣也讓林君叡印象深刻。
林君叡說:“創始人在創辦公司的時候通常不會理會別人的建議。如果他們認真聽取所有反饋意見,那么他們就辦不成公司。”
謝家華創辦Zappos就是如此,林君叡也多次見證過這一點。
林君叡稱:“在謝家華帶領紅杉資本投資LinkExchange前,LinkExchange被投資人和機構拒絕了太多次。我想可能不下十幾次。”
距離與徐訊的初次碰面又過去了幾年,在風險投資家艾琳?李舉辦的晚宴上,林君叡碰巧與這位企業家比鄰而坐。這一次,徐訊成功說服了他。在拒絕種子輪融資后,紅杉資本參與了DoorDash的A輪融資。(艾琳?李說:“天哪,那天的晚宴我也在場。我為什么沒有投資DoorDash?”)
最終,紅杉資本共計向DoorDash投資了4.15億美元,持有該公司的股份價值超過85億美元。
風投公司Cowboy Ventures的創始人艾琳?李也是林君叡的朋友。在被問及林君叡業績記錄的時候,艾琳?李開玩笑說:“我的理想就是把工作做得足夠出色,從而有機會可以和林君叡一起投資。”
把握當下
林君叡擅于挑選贏家,并以此而聞名。但與他共事過的企業家表示,他不僅僅是一位擅長數據處理的成功人士,在他的身上還有更多閃光的特質。
徐訊表示:“私底下,說到真正關心企業家的人,我首先想到的就是林君叡。順便說一句,我認為他在某種程度上必須這么做,因為你單純只看數字,那么當這些數字不存在、當你不得不懷著某種程度的堅信去相信一些東西的時候,你就會面臨太多棘手的時刻。”
林君叡還是Houzz的董事會成員,這是一家由聯合創始人阿迪?塔塔科運營的家居設計網站。
塔塔科說:“從外表上看,他是一個強硬的人,他非常擅長分析、絕頂聰明。但我相信在內心深處他還是一個善良的人。他會與你并肩奮斗。他會大力幫助和支持他投資的創始人,并以我們希望的方式給我們提供支持。”
與林君叡密切合作的紅杉合伙人杰斯?李表示,林君叡之所以能夠吸引企業家,在很大程度上歸功于他對人和文化的關注。
杰斯?李說:“Zappos堪稱范本地展示了如何打造成功的公司文化。而且,我認為就這一點而言,林君叡可以與謝家華平分秋色。”
在《黑天鵝備忘錄》發布大約一年后,紅杉資本又向包括塔塔科、徐訊和切斯基在內的創始人發出了另一條信息。
這條信息被貼上了《新冠疫情讓未來提前到來:現在抓住這個機遇》的標簽。這一特殊信息采取了更為樂觀的語氣,預計美國將在2021年下半年迎來幾十年來“更為強勁的經濟增長”。
也許是因為壞消息總比好消息傳播得快,這份特別的宣言并沒有像之前的《R.I.P. Good Times》和《黑天鵝備忘錄》那樣掀起太大的波瀾。還有一個不同之處在于,紅杉資本對初創公司創始人的建議還有另一個要素:關注其團隊的福祉。
《備忘錄》中寫道:“我們看到,業務指標的表現與這些公司中敏感人員的數量各有不同。開誠布公地討論員工面臨的挑戰。以人為本的有力領導將繼續發揮關鍵作用。”
這種論調不無道理,不僅僅是因為疫情對許多人的心理和身體健康造成了明顯的損害,同時也因為,特別是對林君叡而言,這是喜憂參半的一年。史無前例的職業巔峰與前所未有的個人低谷并存。
紅杉資本的《黑天鵝備忘錄》簽署人一欄又是簡簡單單的“紅杉團隊”。但就像愛彼迎和DoorDash,以及林君叡與已故合伙人謝家華運營的那些公司一樣,即使他的名字沒有出現在最醒目的位置,我們還是不難從中辨別出林君叡的風格。(財富中文網)
譯者:胡萌琦、唐塵
我和林君叡坐在紅杉資本位于舊金山的辦公室里,保持著合適的社交距離。辦公室里除了我們倆和這家風投公司的通訊副總裁,別無旁人。
自從2010年起成為紅杉合伙人的林君叡并不健談,對我提出的每一個問題,他都深思熟慮,言簡意賅,說完便停下來看著我,等待下一個問題。氣氛因此而愈發沉悶。
在我15年的商業記者生涯中,從未遇到過這樣的采訪對象,他似乎覺得完全沒有必要做任何補充。
不過,這種不露聲色的低調和空空蕩蕩的辦公室只是假象。林君叡和他所在的公司,這家硅谷最早、最聲名顯赫的風投公司在過去一年里經歷了大風大浪,對科技界內外產生了巨大影響。
回顧2020年,林君叡總結說:“回想起來,我腦海中蹦出的詞匯是‘既興奮又疲憊’,經歷過很多高潮,也走過不少低谷。”
他說的高潮很容易理解。2020年,紅杉資本投資的7家公司首次公開募股(第8家公司Clover Health采用SPAC的形式上市)。
其中愛彼迎和DoorDash是當年最大的兩宗IPO,為投資公司帶來了目前市值總價超過230億美元的股份。退出的巨額回報讓2020年成為紅杉歷史上回報率最高的一年。
這家成立于1972年、以加州巨大的紅杉樹命名的公司在過去幾十年里已經成功投資谷歌、領英、甲骨文和其他眾多科技企業,在2020年顯得格外輝煌。在紅杉呼風喚雨的這一年里,林君叡更是站在了風口浪尖,愛彼迎和DoorDash都是他的“寶貝兒”,他也擔任了這兩家公司的董事。(就此而言,紅杉更傾向于以公司主導的形式開展投資,而非依賴于某位合伙人。)
至于低谷,就一言難盡了。這個方面更難量化,也更難言說,尤其是遇到沉默寡言的講述者時。
在加入紅杉成為風險投資人之前,林君叡曾經與企業家謝家華共同經營過若干家公司,并于2009年將旗下最有名的鞋類電商平臺Zappos賣給了亞馬遜。當時,林君叡是公司的首席財務官,謝家華擔任首席執行官。
有報道稱,謝家華近年來一直在嘗試戒毒戒酒。去年11月,他在康涅狄格州新倫敦因為房屋失火而受傷,隨后去世。林君叡和謝家華是大學同學,曾經作為商業伙伴和密友一起工作了15年,用林君叡的話說:“在我人生相當長的一段時間里,每天都能夠見到他。”
悲劇發生在新冠疫情期間,傷痛尤難平復。謝家華去世幾天后,向來注重隱私的林君叡在《福布斯》上發表了致友人的“最后一封信”,回憶了老友對自己的鼓勵,并利用這個機會做最后的道別。
“想不到,在新冠病毒肆虐的世界里,這種哀悼、告別的方式竟然如此真實。”
疫情或許讓林君叡在哀悼友人之際顯得比平日里更公開,但他仍然刻意遠離公眾的目光。
與硅谷的其他許多風險投資家不同,林君叡不常公開講演。他在社交媒體上花的時間不多,在深受科技圈喜愛的音頻網絡應用程序Clubhouse上也不活躍,只注冊賬號“嘗試”了一下。
“他沒有百萬推特粉絲,我覺得這不是壞事。”愛彼迎的聯合創始人及首席執行官布萊恩?切斯基說。
在此之前,林君叡從來沒有接受過深度訪談。不過,我們有幸打過兩次交道,一次是在紅杉的辦公室里,另一次是在Zoom上。他愿意公開談談最近幾個月的瘋狂經歷,也就是那些創紀錄的經濟收益和痛徹的個人損失;也同意聊聊謝家華的意外死亡對自己的影響,以及自己從已故合伙人兼朋友身上學到的東西。
對于自己在紅杉異常輝煌的2020年中所扮演的角色,他十分坦率,沒有絲毫自吹自擂。
事實上,林君叡與紅杉的關系可以追溯到他與謝家華合作之初。那是1997年,紅杉投資了他們的第一家公司LinkExchange,隨后又投資了兩人的第二家公司Zappos。2010年離開Zappos后,林君叡以合伙人的身份加入了紅杉。
謝家華和紅杉或多或少地塑造了林君叡的職業生涯道路。不過,這種影響絕非是單向的。聚光燈效應讓外界往往忽視了林君叡對前合伙人和現就職公司的重要性,但林君叡以他特有的方式,不動聲色地給二者留下了無法磨滅的印記。
“安息吧,好時光”
2008年秋天,紅杉資本的合伙人給所投資的各公司的創始人發了一份電子郵件,通知他們前來參加緊急全體會議,不得缺席。會議在沙丘路的Quadrus會議中心舉行,距離紅杉在加州門洛帕克的辦公室不遠。
參會的創始人和創始團隊成員總共只有一百多人,但會上傳遞的信息卻飛出了會議中心的四壁,在硅谷乃至更廣闊的創業界激起千層浪。
會議的目的在于向紅杉投資的公司發出嚴肅警告,讓創始人們意識到眼下的經濟衰退將對全球經濟造成怎樣的打擊,并希望借此機會給他們提供一些生存建議。(一句話:凜冬將至。)
為了確保信息傳達到位,公司合伙人準備了一份共計56頁的幻燈材料,題為“安息吧,好時光”。在這份籠罩著不祥氣息的演示材料里,每一張經濟圖表數據都一落千丈,第三頁干脆不著一字,只有一把尖刀插在豬頭上。
結果可想而知,會議奏效了。
引起業界注意的不只是這些圖表和圖畫。紅杉是硅谷的王者,只要是被他們選上的公司,就一定會得到認真對待。畢竟,從甲骨文到谷歌,不少最成功的科技公司背后都有紅杉的功勞。
因此,事情很簡單:紅杉一呼,初創界百應。那份不祥的幻燈片一經發布上網,傳播速度比最新的手機應用程序測試邀請還快。硅谷新聞網站TechCrunch稱之為“末日陳述”。企業家們大驚失色。裁員隨之而來,不僅是紅杉投資的那些公司,整個行業都在裁員。
彼時,林君叡和謝家華就在沙丘路會議中心的這些企業家中。他們倆共同經營著Zappos,接到通知后即從Zappos總部所在地拉斯維加斯飛來。
雖然豬頭幻燈片觸目驚心,紅杉會議傳達出的悲觀信息卻并沒有讓他們驚訝。自2008年下半年起,兩人已經注意到Zappos上的銷量開始放緩。他們知道,此刻生死攸關。
“紅杉不會向創始人公布這一類內容,除非真的非常重要、非常嚴肅。”林君叡說。
回到拉斯維加斯,他們迅速行動,裁掉了大約100名員工,占當時Zappos總人數的8%。經濟衰退的結果正如紅杉資本所料。
“那段時間,我注意到其中有一天的銷售額同比下跌了30%。”林君叡回憶道。“要知道,當時我們的年增長率是30%,因此可想而知,下跌30%是相當驚人的。事先準備好應付這種情況實在太重要了。如果我們當初沒有看到那個演示幻燈,就不可能如此認真對待。”
最終,Zappos不僅熬過了凜冬,甚至愈發成功,并于2009年以12億美元的價格賣給了亞馬遜。林君叡和謝家華能夠度過那段艱難時期,固然要歸功于紅杉資本的指導,更要多虧了彼此的支持。
合作十五載
林君叡和謝家華是在哈佛大學的一次宿舍聚會上認識的。當時林君叡四年級,謝家華三年級,兩人有很多的共同點。
“我們都戴著大眼鏡,穿著卡其褲,寬寬大大的紐扣襯衫下擺散在褲腰外。”林君叡記得,他倆站在角落里,冷靜地看著其他人開懷暢飲。別的學生都在狂歡,他們卻討論起了商業創意。“
雖然我覺得謝家華的想法很瘋狂,但和他海闊天空地即興討論很有趣。”林君叡說。“即便他認為我的想法太保守。”
林君叡一直有種滿腦子數學的書呆子傾向,確切地說,不只是傾向。在談到兒時的樂趣時,他說:“我們經常玩涉及算術內容的紙牌游戲。”
現年48歲的林君叡出生在中國臺灣,6歲來到美國讀小學一年級。他的父親在一家國際銀行任職,當時被派往紐約開設分行。他的母親原本也在銀行工作,但為了孩子的教育,搬到美國后便辭了職,成為全職媽媽。林君叡有個弟弟,兄弟倆在小學期間轉過三次學。
“倒不是為了住進更好的公寓,而是為了進更好的學區。”
以學業為重心的緊張童年和志趣相投的書呆子氣讓謝家華與林君叡成了好友。林君叡有條不紊,善于分析,謝家華則富有創造力,甚至有時不切實際。不過,他們都有一個大夢想。這一切,始于比薩。
在他們兩人居住的哈佛大學學生宿舍的一樓有一家餐廳,名叫昆西燒烤,售賣漢堡和薯條。但謝家華覺得,學生們真正想要的是比薩,尤其是在深夜聚會之后。
這家餐廳每年都會通過競標的方式招募新管理者,于是謝家華投標了,而且要求兩年的管理權。至于報價,他填的是“最高價+1美元”。這一招奏效了。
改賣比薩的想法也同樣大獲成功。謝家華投資購買了幾臺比薩烤爐,消息傳開,餐廳門口立刻排起了長隊。
林君叡當時還不是謝家華的商業伙伴,但他找到了參與比薩投資的門路。謝家華曾經對這個故事津津樂道,甚至把它寫進了2010年出版的《傳遞幸福》(Delivering Happiness,這本書主要講述的是兩人創造Zappos文化的經歷)。不過,林君叡回憶的版本略有不同。
兩人的關系越來越親密,林君叡也成了昆西燒烤的最佳顧客。這倒不是因為他自己吃得多,而是因為他每次都會買一整張比薩,然后再一片一片分銷出去。
根據謝家華的說法,為了盈利,林君叡會將每片比薩加價轉賣。(也正是這一點,讓謝家華萌生了有朝一日請這位朋友做自己的首席財務官的想法。)
但林君叡說,那些利潤完全是意外所得。他說自己從謝家華的餐廳里買比薩時就談好了折扣。因為購買量大,餐廳里一片比薩通常賣2美元,但賣給他則是1.25或1.5美元。然后他再把比薩送上樓按片售賣。但加價并不是為了賺取利潤。
“我并沒有抬高價格。但25美分的硬幣是稀缺物,要留著用于自助洗衣機投幣。”于是,學生們付給他2美元,而非1.25或1.5美元。
無論故事的真相如何,比薩連接起了二人的長期友誼和商業伙伴關系。他們尊重彼此的商業頭腦,相互取長補短,合作了15年。
畢業后,林君叡和謝家華去了西海岸。謝家華在甲骨文找了一份工作,但未能做長久;林君叡進入斯坦福大學攻讀博士學位,也未能堅持下來。他們都一門心思想創業。
1996年,謝家華創辦了在線廣告平臺LinkExchange,林君叡隨即加入,成了公司的首席財務官。1998年,他們將LinkExchange賣給微軟,然后成立了一家風投基金公司。
他們通過一宗小規模投資發現了一直在努力尋找增長點的Zappos,決定收購。謝家華擔任首席執行官,林君叡任首席財務官。兩人停下其余的風投基金項目,把所有資金都押在了鞋子上。
投資Zappos不僅是一項商業努力,它也給了兩人一個機會,去定義和創造心目中的理想企業文化。(相比之下,LinkExchange則讓他們有機會意識到什么樣的企業文化是自己不認同的。)他們的理念是要讓顧客和員工都滿意。這是一個革命性的想法。
Zappos呼叫中心的工作人員并不會因為快速結束與問題顧客的通話而受到獎勵。恰恰相反,他們與顧客溝通的時間越長,得到的認可就越高(最長的客服電話記錄為10小時51分鐘,至今仍然為公司稱道)。
他們為Zappos設立的使命包含一些非傳統的價值觀,比如“創造樂趣,與眾不同”和“敢于冒險,富于創造,思維開闊”。憑借這種獨特的文化和創新的客服方式,公司成了行業分析的經典案例。與此同時,林君叡和謝家華也建起了價值數十億美元的網上鞋店。
Zappos被亞馬遜收購后不久,林君叡離開公司加入紅杉資本,謝家華則繼續留任首席執行官直到2020年8月,也就是他去世前的幾個月。林君叡說,是謝家華幫助自己學會了如何與企業家共事,并且他的影響至今猶存。
“我覺得,我可以和謝家華愉快共事,與我擅長同許多創始人合作,這背后的原因是一樣的。因為我會試著分析他們的想法,并找出完善的途徑。我試著成為他們的搭檔和教練。這種嘗試,從我與謝家華共事時就開始了。”
圍繞謝家華的死,仍然有不明朗之處,林君叡不愿意對細節發表評論。但謝家華去世后的一些文章提到了他濫用毒品和行為不穩定的情況,以及他對火的迷戀。(謝家華嚴重受傷正是因為吸入了濃煙,他當時就住在康涅狄格州的那棟失火房屋內。)
謝家華去世后,林君叡受邀參加了一場在Zoom上舉行的親友追思會。但他說,此舉并不能夠寄托他的哀思,也未能讓悲傷終結。于是,盡管向來行事低調,他還是在網上發布了致謝家華的一封信。
“我想讓其他人讀到的,是我眼中的謝家華,是他身上的方方面面。有些人在謝家華一生的某個階段看到了他的某些部分。而我有幸看到他經歷的不同階段,從一個對商業感興趣、想在宿舍樓里開辦最佳餐廳的計算機專業的書呆子,到建立自己的第一個互聯網帝國,再到愛上Zappos。”
林君叡見證了謝家華將瘋狂的想法從概念變為現實,見證了他一次又一次籌措資金、一次又一次被拒絕。親身參與的經歷促使林君叡成長為一名企業家、一位投資者。
2020年的黑天鵝
2020年3月9日周一,紅杉資本的合伙人齊聚一堂,而這也是新冠疫情前合伙人的最后一次碰面。
早在1988年就加入紅杉資本的合伙人道格?萊昂內表示:“我敢說7月1日前復工無望,我賭20美元。但我希望自己不是贏家。”
2008年,萊昂內與資深投資者邁克爾?莫里茨牽頭發起了《R.I.P. Good Times》報告。如今,主角換成了紅杉資本年輕一代的合伙人:以林君叡和羅洛夫?博塔為主要推手的《黑天鵝備忘錄》再一次引起了人們的注意。該電子郵件于3月5日發出,幾天后就是紅杉資本合伙人最后一次碰頭的日子。
只是這一次,信息并未遭到泄露。紅杉資本在Medium平臺上公開發布了電子郵件的內容。
備忘錄的開篇第一句話就非常不吉利:“冠狀病毒是2020年的那只黑天鵝。你們(以及我們)當中的某些人已經受到了這種病毒的影響。我們了解你們所承受的壓力,我們愿意為你們提供幫助。鑒于生命受到威脅,我們希望情況可以盡快好轉。在此期間,我們應該做好應對動蕩的防范,并做好可能出現情況的思想準備。”
備忘錄最后的署名是“紅杉團隊”。但結尾部分被單獨拎出來的合伙人卻只有林君叡。
《黑天鵝備忘錄》引用了林君叡的一段話:“2008年金融危機之前,我被叫到紅杉辦公室聽取那個臭名昭著的《R.I.P. Good Times》報告,那時候我正擔任Zappos的首席運營官/首席財務官。和現在一樣,那時我們不知道將要面對的衰退會持續多久,也不清楚是急劇衰退還是緩慢下行。我能夠確認的是,那次報告讓我們的團隊和企業變得更加強大了。競爭對手遭到重創,而Zappos則挺過了金融危機,已經準備好抓住他們留下的機遇。”
紅杉資本和林君叡的預測基本上是正確的。但他們肯定會因為這個標題(以及其他幾個預言,我們將在后面進行討論)而遭到詬病。
林君叡稱:“有人說(疫情)是完全可以預見的,所以它不是一只黑天鵝。”他還補充道,那么多人因為疫情突然來襲而措手不及,這個事實就能夠用標題來加以凸顯。
不僅如此,他還表示:“這個標題可以吸引人眼球。”
紅杉資本對疫情給投資組合公司帶來直接沖擊的影響范圍或持續時間一無所知。但該公司認為,這種病毒的影響至少會持續幾個季度,供應鏈將受到極大影響。
和2008年一樣,紅杉資本再次建議其投資組合公司低調行事,重新評估員工數量和其他支出。
擔任愛彼迎、DoorDash等十多家公司董事會成員的林君叡與幾位企業家一起經歷了數次重大危機。在2009年紅杉資本早期押注愛彼迎之際,林君叡還未加入紅杉資本。2012年,擔任愛彼迎董事的合伙人離開了紅杉資本,留出了一個職位空缺。愛彼迎的首席執行官及聯合創始人切斯基請求莫里茨讓林君叡擔任公司董事。
切斯基說:“我是藝術學校出身,沒有公司運營經驗。(林君叡)懂運營,具有非常出色的分析能力。我們之間有點類似陰和陽的那種共生關系。”
林君叡還幫助Zappos打造了令愛彼迎創始人欽佩的企業文化。他和謝家華共同經歷了兩次經濟衰退(除2008年金融危機外,“9?11”事件后Zappos的銷售額也受到了沖擊)。事實證明,對切斯基而言,這些經驗和知識都非常寶貴。
2013年左右,林君叡實際上每周都會有一天時間在愛彼迎辦公。當時正值愛彼迎的高速增長期,切斯基也在努力壯大與之相匹配的高管團隊。除此之外,切斯基還需要應付監管訴訟和平臺上的歧視事件,急需一位幫助他處理日常管理事務的首席運營官。此時,林君叡登場了,他至少能夠臨時性協助切斯基加強客戶服務和內部運營。
切斯基稱:“我和他一起經歷了很多。”但此次新冠疫情將會以一種全新的方式考驗愛彼迎。
2020年3月,愛彼迎的業務量下降了80%。
切斯基說:“危機也是識人的機會。林君叡的身上具備了所有我期望的特質。他樂觀而穩重。他支持我們,并且實際上也以捍衛者的身份挺身而出。”
為了應對營收大幅下降的困境,愛彼迎必須做出舉債或股本融資的決定。舉債風險更高,但成本相對較低。林君叡是舉債的堅定支持者。他不想讓愛彼迎經歷增發股票帶來的一輪“降價融資”:股本增加,但公司估值降低。他對公司后續反彈能力充滿信心。
切斯基在談到董事會和林君叡處理這一決定的方式時指出:“這有點像是羅夏測試,看你站在哪一方。”
愛彼迎最終選擇舉債20億美元。該公司推遲了原定于2020年早些時候的首次公開募股,并最終在去年12月上市。紅杉資本共計向愛彼迎投資了3.75億美元。如今,紅杉資本持有的愛彼迎在短租市場的股份價值高達150億美元。IPO后,林君叡應允了切斯基讓其繼續擔任董事會成員的邀約。
在新冠疫情最嚴重的時候,兩人每周會交談數次,有時是每天都交流,也有時一天交談好幾個小時。
切斯基稱:“我們的關系非常密切。”兩人之間也從最初的商業關系發展成了友誼。
切斯基說:“他總是一本正經,表情嚴肅。他說話的時候聲音起伏不大。初次見面根本無法判斷他對你項目的喜好程度。但他非常有激情,而且他實際上是一個很感性的人。”
即便是面對面交流,一般人也很難在林君叡身上看到這些特點,至少對那些沒有切斯基那么了解他的人來說是這樣。
但為了證明林君叡更情緒化的一面,切斯基還提供了另一個證據:“謝家華不會讓非人文主義者做他的合伙人。”
從最初的拒絕到后來的欣然同意
除了弄錯《黑天鵝備忘錄》的標題外,紅杉資本還誤判了疫情引發的一個經濟影響:它預測民間借貸會像2001年以及2008年到2009年那樣,出現“顯著疲軟”。最終,雖然眾多企業和生命因為疫情而遭受重創,但疫情也對其他方面起到了推動作用。并且風投資金非但沒有枯竭,其流動性反而更勝以往。
在這場疫情風暴中,除了愛彼迎很快挽回頹勢外,紅杉資本的另一項投資,以及林君叡的董事會職位,實際上最終從疫情中獲得了豐厚回報,并因此誕生了年度第二大IPO:外賣應用程序DoorDash。
在談到這款外賣應用程序面對疫情的最初反應時,林君叡稱:“他們真的很害怕餐廳會難以存續。那段時期一切都充滿了不確定性。”
但林君叡從未動搖過。他和DoorDash的首席執行官及創始人徐訊已經成了朋友;自2014年紅杉投資DoorDash以來,林君叡一直是徐訊的董事會成員。林君叡花好幾個小時和徐訊一起研究數據,尋找趨勢,并對財務預測進行建模。
DoorDash不僅沒有迎來末日,與去年同期相比,2020年前9個月DoorDash的營收還翻了三番。究其原因,宅在家中的美國人訂購的外賣比以往任何時候都多。
與愛彼迎一樣,DoorDash也于去年12月上市。上市首日,公司股價收于190美元,比102美元的IPO價格足足上漲了86%。
然而,當林君叡第一次見到徐訊時,他并未堅定看好DoorDash這筆投資。當時,徐訊正在試圖籌集種子輪融資,并向林君叡提出了這筆交易。但林君叡認為,外賣市場已經非常擁擠,競爭過于激烈,還有Postmates、Caviar、Grubhub等一大批老牌競爭對手。他打電話給徐訊,告知了自己準備放棄這個投資機會的決定。
林君叡表示:“我真的感到很抱歉,因為我并不知道當時他在參加婚禮。”雖然那并不是徐訊的婚禮(兩周后徐訊也結婚了)。但當徐訊接到電話時,他正在給朋友做伴郎。
徐訊回憶道:“感覺就像是:‘好吧,對著鏡頭微笑。’要接受被拒絕的現實真的很難,特別是在你的公司急需資金的情況下。”
林君叡表示,雖然他已經放棄了這筆投資,但徐訊給他留下了深刻的印象:“我始終對此耿耿于懷。”
徐訊在公司情況分析中極盡細致地分析了餐廳廚房的運營方式,以及如何優化流程(從烹飪流水線到送貨上門)。這給林君叡留下了深刻的印象。而徐訊的堅韌同樣也讓林君叡印象深刻。
林君叡說:“創始人在創辦公司的時候通常不會理會別人的建議。如果他們認真聽取所有反饋意見,那么他們就辦不成公司。”
謝家華創辦Zappos就是如此,林君叡也多次見證過這一點。
林君叡稱:“在謝家華帶領紅杉資本投資LinkExchange前,LinkExchange被投資人和機構拒絕了太多次。我想可能不下十幾次。”
距離與徐訊的初次碰面又過去了幾年,在風險投資家艾琳?李舉辦的晚宴上,林君叡碰巧與這位企業家比鄰而坐。這一次,徐訊成功說服了他。在拒絕種子輪融資后,紅杉資本參與了DoorDash的A輪融資。(艾琳?李說:“天哪,那天的晚宴我也在場。我為什么沒有投資DoorDash?”)
最終,紅杉資本共計向DoorDash投資了4.15億美元,持有該公司的股份價值超過85億美元。
風投公司Cowboy Ventures的創始人艾琳?李也是林君叡的朋友。在被問及林君叡業績記錄的時候,艾琳?李開玩笑說:“我的理想就是把工作做得足夠出色,從而有機會可以和林君叡一起投資。”
把握當下
林君叡擅于挑選贏家,并以此而聞名。但與他共事過的企業家表示,他不僅僅是一位擅長數據處理的成功人士,在他的身上還有更多閃光的特質。
徐訊表示:“私底下,說到真正關心企業家的人,我首先想到的就是林君叡。順便說一句,我認為他在某種程度上必須這么做,因為你單純只看數字,那么當這些數字不存在、當你不得不懷著某種程度的堅信去相信一些東西的時候,你就會面臨太多棘手的時刻。”
林君叡還是Houzz的董事會成員,這是一家由聯合創始人阿迪?塔塔科運營的家居設計網站。
塔塔科說:“從外表上看,他是一個強硬的人,他非常擅長分析、絕頂聰明。但我相信在內心深處他還是一個善良的人。他會與你并肩奮斗。他會大力幫助和支持他投資的創始人,并以我們希望的方式給我們提供支持。”
與林君叡密切合作的紅杉合伙人杰斯?李表示,林君叡之所以能夠吸引企業家,在很大程度上歸功于他對人和文化的關注。
杰斯?李說:“Zappos堪稱范本地展示了如何打造成功的公司文化。而且,我認為就這一點而言,林君叡可以與謝家華平分秋色。”
在《黑天鵝備忘錄》發布大約一年后,紅杉資本又向包括塔塔科、徐訊和切斯基在內的創始人發出了另一條信息。
這條信息被貼上了《新冠疫情讓未來提前到來:現在抓住這個機遇》的標簽。這一特殊信息采取了更為樂觀的語氣,預計美國將在2021年下半年迎來幾十年來“更為強勁的經濟增長”。
也許是因為壞消息總比好消息傳播得快,這份特別的宣言并沒有像之前的《R.I.P. Good Times》和《黑天鵝備忘錄》那樣掀起太大的波瀾。還有一個不同之處在于,紅杉資本對初創公司創始人的建議還有另一個要素:關注其團隊的福祉。
《備忘錄》中寫道:“我們看到,業務指標的表現與這些公司中敏感人員的數量各有不同。開誠布公地討論員工面臨的挑戰。以人為本的有力領導將繼續發揮關鍵作用。”
這種論調不無道理,不僅僅是因為疫情對許多人的心理和身體健康造成了明顯的損害,同時也因為,特別是對林君叡而言,這是喜憂參半的一年。史無前例的職業巔峰與前所未有的個人低谷并存。
紅杉資本的《黑天鵝備忘錄》簽署人一欄又是簡簡單單的“紅杉團隊”。但就像愛彼迎和DoorDash,以及林君叡與已故合伙人謝家華運營的那些公司一樣,即使他的名字沒有出現在最醒目的位置,我們還是不難從中辨別出林君叡的風格。(財富中文網)
譯者:胡萌琦、唐塵
Alfred Lin and I are seated—at an acceptable social distance—in Sequoia Capital’s San Francisco office. It’s empty. No one is here except for me, Lin, and the venture capital firm’s VP of communications. The quiet is even more pronounced because Lin, a partner at Sequoia since 2010, isn’t a big talker. He answers each of the questions I pose thoughtfully and economically. When he’s finished, he stops. He looks at me, waits for the next question. Unlike almost every other person I’ve interviewed in the past 15 years of my career as a business journalist, he feels no need to fill the silent gaps in conversation.
But Lin’s disarmingly low-key presence—and his vacant office—are misleading. Both the man and the firm, one of the oldest and most venerable venture capital shops in Silicon Valley, have had a hell of a year, generating plenty of noise in the tech world and beyond. “Reflecting on it, the words that come out of my head are ‘both exhilarating and exhausting at the same time,’” Lin says when asked how he would sum up his 2020. “There were a lot of highs and a lot of lows.”
The highs are easy enough to unpack. Seven of Sequoia’s portfolio companies IPOed in 2020 (an eighth, Clover Health, joined the public markets via a SPAC). Two of those, Airbnb and DoorDash, were the biggest IPOs of the year, earning the investment firm stakes currently worth more than $23 billion, collectively. These so-called exits helped make 2020 one of Sequoia’s strongest years ever in terms of returns, a notable achievement especially when you consider that the firm, founded in 1972 and named after California’s giant redwood trees, has invested in the likes of Google, LinkedIn, Oracle, and many other humongous tech successes over the decades. Lin was at the forefront of Sequoia’s monster year: Airbnb and DoorDash are his “babies,” and he sits on the boards of both. (Sequoia, for its part, prefers to present its investments as firm-led as opposed to affiliated with any one particular partner.)
The lows are more complicated. They are also harder to quantify—and much harder to talk about, particularly if you’re someone who is not prone to talking much.
Before becoming a venture capitalist at Sequoia, Lin had run several businesses with the entrepreneur Tony Hsieh—their most famous venture was the online footwear marketplace Zappos, which they sold to Amazon in 2009. Lin was the company’s CFO; Hsieh was its CEO. Hsieh, who had reportedly been struggling with drug and alcohol use in recent years, died last November, after suffering injuries in a house fire in New London, Conn. The two had been college classmates and spent 15 years working together as business partners—and close friends. “This is someone that, for a period of my life, I saw every single day,” says Lin. The fact that the personal tragedy struck in the midst of a pandemic made it that much harder to digest and heal. Lin, who tends to be very private, published a “final letter” to Hsieh in Forbes just days after his friend’s death, in which he highlighted some of the ways Hsieh had inspired him. He also used the opportunity to say a final goodbye. “It was a surprisingly authentic way of mourning and grieving and getting closure in the COVID world,” says Lin.
But while the pandemic may have pushed Lin to be more public than usual in his healing process, he remains very much out of the limelight—by design. Unlike a lot of other Silicon Valley venture capitalists, Lin doesn’t do a lot of public speaking. He doesn’t spend much time on social media. He’s never been been active on Clubhouse, the audio-based networking app that went viral in tech circles. (He set up an account just to “test” it out.) “He doesn’t have a million followers on Twitter, and I don’t think that’s a bad thing,” says Brian Chesky, cofounder and CEO of Airbnb.
Lin has never participated in an in-depth profile; this is his first. But he sat down with me twice, once in Sequoia’s office and once over Zoom, and was willing to talk openly about the wild ride he has been on in recent months, the record financial gains and deep personal loss. He agreed to talk about the impact Hsieh’s unexpected death had on him, and what he learned from his late partner and friend. And he was open, though definitely not boastful, about the part he played in Sequoia’s exceptionally fruitful 2020.
Lin’s relationship with Sequoia actually started back in the days when he was first working with Hsieh, after the VC firm invested in their first company, LinkExchange, in 1997. Sequoia also invested in Zappos, the duo’s second company. And then, after leaving Zappos in 2010, Lin joined Sequoia as a partner.
Both Hsieh and Sequoia have shaped Lin’s career in ways large and small. But that influence has been far from a one-way street. It’s easy to miss in the blinding spotlight that has shone on his former partner and his current firm. But Lin, in his characteristically quiet way, made an indelible mark on each of them as well.
“R.I.P. Good Times”
In the fall of 2008, Sequoia’s partners sent an email to the founders of all of their portfolio companies, asking them to come in for a mandatory, all-hands emergency meeting. More than 100 founders and founding team members gathered for the event, which took place in the Quadrus Conference Center on Sand Hill Road, close to the firm’s office in Menlo Park, Calif. But the message that was relayed at the meeting reverberated way beyond those four walls—prompting a sonic boom throughout Silicon Valley and the broader startup world.
The aim of the meeting was to issue a dire warning to Sequoia’s portfolio companies about just how far south the unfolding recession might send the global economy and, hopefully, provide some tips for how to survive. (In a nutshell: Hunker down.) To drive the message home, the firm’s partners had prepared an ominous, 56-slide presentation, titled “R.I.P Good Times,” which featured all sorts of economic charts sloping downward precipitously. The third slide was simply a knife plunged into a pig’s head—nothing else. Not surprisingly, the deck was effective.
It wasn’t just the visuals that got the industry’s attention. Sequoia was a kingmaker in Silicon Valley—if the firm invested in your company, you were taken seriously. After all, Sequoia was behind some of the biggest tech successes around, from Oracle to Google. So it was simple: When the firm spoke, the startup world listened. The foreboding slide deck was posted online, spreading faster than a beta invite for the latest mobile app. Silicon Valley news site TechCrunch called it a “presentation of doom.” Entrepreneurs freaked out. Layoffs ensued, not just at Sequoia portfolio companies but across the industry.
Lin, who was running Zappos with Hsieh at that time, was one of the entrepreneurs who had piled into the Sand Hill Road conference center. So was Hsieh—the two had flown out together from Las Vegas, where Zappos is headquartered.
But while the Sequoia presentation rattled them—it’s hard to ignore a pig head—its pessimistic message didn’t come as a surprise. The two had already seen sales at Zappos begin to soften in the second half of 2008. They knew it was a dire moment. “Sequoia doesn’t publish any of this stuff to founders unless it’s super important and serious,” says Lin.
Back in Las Vegas, they acted quickly, laying off around 100 employees, 8% of the Zappos workforce at that time. The downturn turned out to be as bad as Sequoia had predicted. “During that time, I noticed there was one day where our sales dropped 30% year over year,” Lin recalls. “I mean, we were growing 30% year over year. To see sales drop 30%, it was quite jarring. And to be able to be prepared for that was quite important. I think if we had not seen that presentation, we wouldn’t have taken it as seriously.”
In the end, Zappos was able to weather the storm. The company even managed to come out stronger, selling to Amazon for $1.2 billion in 2009. But it wasn’t just Sequoia’s guidance that had gotten Lin and Hsieh through the tough times. It was also each other.
A 15-year partnership
The two met as college students, at a dorm party at Harvard University. Lin was a senior, Hsieh was a junior. They had a lot in common. “We were both wearing big glasses and khakis, oversized button-down shirts that were hanging out,” says Lin. As he remembers it, the two of them stood toward the back of the room, observing the others as the crowd got more and more tipsy. While the other students partied, they discussed business ideas. “It was entertaining just to riff with him even if I thought [Hsieh’s ideas] were crazy,” says Lin. “And even if he thought I was thinking too conventionally.”
Lin had always had a nerdy, mathematical streak—okay, more than a streak. “We did a lot of card games that involved a lot of math,” Lin says when asked what he did for fun as a kid.
The 48-year-old moved from Taiwan to the United States when he was just 6, in first grade. His dad had been sent out to New York to open a branch for the international bank where he worked. Lin’s mom had a career in banking too, but she stopped working and became a stay-at-home mom when they moved to the U.S., in order to focus on her children’s education. Lin has a younger brother, and the two boys switched elementary schools three times. “It wasn’t for a better apartment, it was just for a better school district,” he recalls.
Hsieh and Lin bonded over their academically intense childhoods and their nerdy proclivities. But while Lin was methodical and analytical, Hsieh was creative and, sometimes, unrealistic. They both dreamed big, though. Starting with pizza.
There was a restaurant on the ground floor of their dormitory at Harvard, called the Quincy House Grille. It served burgers and fries. Hsieh believed that what college students really wanted, especially after a late night of partying, was pizza. He put in a bid to manage the restaurant; it was up for new management every year. But he did it his way. Instead of the usual one-year deal, he asked for two. For his offer price, meanwhile, he entered, “highest bid + $1.” It worked. And so did the pizza. Hsieh invested in a couple of pizza ovens for the restaurant; word spread, and soon the place had a line out the door.
Lin wasn’t Hsieh’s business partner—yet. But he found a way to get in on the pizza venture anyway. It’s a story Hsieh used to recall often. He even told it in the book he published in 2010, Delivering Happiness, which highlighted the culture the two had created at Zappos. But Lin has a slightly different version.
The two had grown close, and Lin had become Hsieh’s best customer at the Quincy House Grille. It wasn’t because he ate a lot himself. He would buy a full pie, then resell the individual pizza slices. The way Hsieh told the story, Lin charged more money for each slice in order to turn a profit. (And that’s how Hsieh knew he wanted his friend to someday become his CFO.) But as Lin tells it, he kind of fell into the profit part. He says he had negotiated a discount for the pizzas he bought from Hsieh, because he was purchasing such large quantities. So instead of the $2 per slice that the restaurant typically charged, he was getting his pies for about $1.25 or $1.50 per slice. Then he’d run the pizzas upstairs to sell by the slice. But the price hike wasn’t about profits. “I didn’t mark it up, but quarters were a prized commodity because they were needed for washing machines,” says Lin. So instead of $1.25 or $1.50, students gave him $2 per slice.
Whatever the real story is, the pizza connection helped solidify a long-standing friendship and business partnership between the two. They respected each other’s business acumen immensely. They complemented each other. And they would end up working together for 15 years.
Lin and Hsieh eventually ventured West. Hsieh took a job at Oracle, which didn’t last long, and Lin started a Ph.D. program at Stanford University, which also didn’t last long. They both caught the startup bug. Hsieh founded LinkExchange, an online ad marketplace, in 1996. Lin came on board to be his CFO shortly after. After selling LinkExchange to Microsoft in 1998, they started a venture fund. Then they discovered Zappos, which was one of their smaller investments, and decided to take it over; it had been struggling to figure out how to grow. Hsieh came in as CEO, and Lin as CFO. They wound down their venture fund and went all in on shoes.
Zappos wasn’t just a business endeavor. It also gave the two entrepreneurs an opportunity to define and create the kind of culture they wanted to immerse themselves in. (LinkExchange, meanwhile, had given them an opportunity to discover the kind of culture they didn't necessarily want to create.) Their idea? To make both customers and employees happy. It was revolutionary. At Zappos, call center workers weren’t rewarded for getting off the phone quickly with problem customers. It was the opposite—the more time they dedicated to talking through issues with customers, the more they were recognized (the longest customer service call logged in at 10 hours, 51 minutes, and is still celebrated by the company). And the broader mission at Zappos? It included unconventional values like “Create fun and a little weirdness” and “Be adventurous, creative, and open-minded.” The company became a case study for its unique culture and innovative approach to customer service. And in the process, Lin and Hsieh also built a multibillion-dollar online shoe store.
Lin left Zappos and joined Sequoia shortly after the Amazon acquisition, while Hsieh stayed on as CEO until August 2020, just months before his death. But Lin says the impact Hsieh had on him is lasting, and helps inform how he works with entrepreneurs to this day. “I think the reason I was good at working with Tony Hsieh, is the same reason I’m good at working with a lot of founders,” says Lin. “Because I try to parse their ideas and figure out how to make them better. I try to be a partner and a coach to them. And that started early on with Tony.”
The circumstances around Hsieh’s death are still murky—and Lin did not want to comment on the details. But articles that were published after Hsieh’s passing painted a picture of drug abuse and all sorts of erratic behavior, including a reported fascination with fire. (Hsieh’s fatal injuries were a result of smoke inhalation from the house fire in Connecticut, where he was staying at the time of his death.)
After Hsieh passed away, Lin was invited to join a memorial for friends and family, an attempt to commemorate the entrepreneur over Zoom. He says it didn’t provide him with the kind of forum he needed to grieve or get closure. That’s why, even though he’s usually very private, he published his letter to Hsieh online.
“I think what I wanted to get across for other people to read, is just the different facets of Tony that I saw,” says Lin. “I think there are certain people that saw certain pieces of Tony throughout different parts of his life. And I had the privilege of seeing him through many different phases, from a nerdy computer science person who was interested in business and wanted to create the best restaurant in a dorm building, to building a first Internet empire, to falling in love with Zappos.”
Lin had watched Hsieh take a crazy idea from concept to reality; he had watched him fundraise and deal with rejection, over and over again. And being exposed to that process, and very much a part of it, helped define him as an entrepreneur—and as an investor.
The Black Swan of 2020
The last time Sequoia’s partners all gathered in person, pre-COVID, was Monday, March 9, 2020. “I made a $20 bet that we wouldn’t be back in the office by July 1st,” says Doug Leone, a partner at Sequoia since 1988. “It was a bet I was hoping I would lose.”
Along with veteran investor Michael Moritz, Leone had been one of the lead instigators of the “R.I.P. Good Times” presentation back in 2008. Now, it was Lin and Roelof Botha, another of the firm’s younger generation of partners who would be the main drivers in Sequoia’s next message to go viral: the “Black Swan” memo. The email went out on March 5, just a few days before the firm’s last in-person gathering. Only this time, it wasn’t leaked. Sequoia published it on Medium.
“Coronavirus is the black swan of 2020,” were the ominous first words in the memo. “Some of you (and some of us) have already been personally impacted by the virus. We know the stress you are under and are here to help. With lives at risk, we hope that conditions improve as quickly as possible. In the interim, we should brace ourselves for turbulence and have a prepared mindset for the scenarios that may play out.”
The message was signed by “Team Sequoia.” But toward the bottom, just one of the firm’s partners was called out: Alfred Lin.
“I was serving as the COO/CFO of Zappos when I was summoned to Sequoia’s office for the infamous R.I.P. Good Times presentation in 2008, prior to the financial crisis,” Lin was quoted as saying in the Black Swan memo. “We didn’t know then, just like we don’t know now, how long or how sharp or shallow of a downturn we will face. What I can confirm is that the presentation made our team and our business stronger. Zappos emerged from the financial crisis ready to seize on opportunities after our competitors had been battered and bruised.”
Sequoia—and Lin—got their prognostications mostly right. But they definitely got dinged for the title (and a few other prophecies, which we’ll get into later).
“There are people who say [the pandemic] was completely foreseeable so therefore it’s not a black swan,” says Lin, adding that the fact that it caught so many people by surprise does merit the headline. Besides, says Lin, “it was catchy.”
Sequoia had no idea exactly how big or how long of a hit its portfolio companies would take as a direct result of the pandemic. But the firm thought the effect of the virus would last at least a few quarters, and that supply chains would be greatly impacted. Just as they had back in 2008, Sequoia again advised its portfolio companies to hunker down, to reevaluate headcount and other expenses.
Lin, who sits on more than 10 boards, including Airbnb and DoorDash, had already been through major crises with several of his entrepreneurs. Sequoia had initially invested in Airbnb in 2009, before Lin joined the firm. In 2012, the partner who had been on Airbnb’s board left Sequoia, leaving a position that needed to be filled. Chesky, Airbnb’s CEO and cofounder, asked Moritz to put Lin on his board. “I went to art school and had no operations experience,” says Chesky. “[Alfred] had operational discipline; he is highly analytical. We are a bit of yin and yang, a symbiotic relationship.”
Lin had also helped build a culture at Zappos that Airbnb’s founders admired. And he, along with Hsieh, had been through not just one but two downturns (in addition to the 2008 economic crisis, Zappos sales had taken a hit post-9/11). All of that experience and knowledge turned out to be very valuable for Chesky. Around 2013, Lin actually spent one day a week in the Airbnb office. It was a period of hypergrowth for the company, when Chesky was struggling to expand his executive leadership team at a clip to match. The CEO was also juggling regulatory lawsuits and instances of discrimination on the platform, and he didn’t have a chief operating officer to help him handle day-to-day management. Enter Lin, who, at least on a temporary basis, assisted Chesky with ramping up customer service and internal operations. “I went through a lot with him,” says Chesky. But the pandemic would test Airbnb in a whole new way.
In March 2020, the company’s business dropped by 80%.
“You learn a lot about people in a crisis,” says Chesky. “Alfred was everything I hoped he would be. He was optimistic and steady. He stood by us; he actually leaned in as a champion.”
Airbnb had to decide whether to raise debt or equity to get through the massive drop in sales. Debt was riskier but cheaper. Lin was a big proponent. He didn’t want Airbnb to take a “down round”—raising equity but lowering the company’s valuation. And he was confident in the company’s ability to rebound in the future. “It was a bit of a Rorschach test for which side you’re on,” Chesky says of the way his board, and Lin, handled the decision.
Airbnb eventually took on $2 billion in debt. It delayed its IPO, originally slated for earlier in 2020, and then finally went public at the end of the year, in December. Sequoia had invested a collective $375 million in Airbnb. Today, its stake in the vacation rental marketplace is worth a staggering $15 billion. After the IPO, Chesky asked Lin to remain on the Airbnb board. Lin agreed.
At the height of the pandemic, the two had talked multiple times a week, sometimes every single day, sometimes hours a day. “We have a very close relationship,” says Chesky. What began as a business relationship has also developed into a friendship.
“He has a poker-faced countenance,” says Chesky. “His voice doesn’t inflect very much when he talks. You don’t know how much he likes you when you first meet him. But he’s extremely passionate, and he’s actually emotional.”
It’s hard to see those characteristics in Lin, even when face-to-face, at least for those who don’t know him as well as Chesky does. But the Airbnb CEO has another proof point for Lin’s more emotive side: “Tony Hsieh would not have had a non-humanist as his partner.”
Saying no—then yes
It wasn’t just the title of the Black Swan memo that Sequoia got a little wrong. It also misjudged a financial aspect of the pandemic, predicting that private financing could “soften significantly,” as had happened in 2001 and 2008–09. In the end, while the virus wreaked havoc on many businesses and many lives, it provided a boon to others. And venture capital dollars, instead of drying up, flowed like never before. Amid the chaos, it wasn’t just Airbnb that bounced back. Another of Sequoia’s investments, and Lin’s board positions, actually ended up profiting immensely from the pandemic, resulting in the second-biggest IPO of the year: food delivery app DoorDash.
“They were really scared that restaurants wouldn’t survive,” Lin says of the takeout delivery app’s initial reaction to the virus. “It was a very uncertain time.”
But Lin never wavered. He and Tony Xu, CEO and founder of DoorDash, had already become close; Lin had been on Xu’s board since Sequoia invested in the company in 2014. Lin spent hours crunching the numbers with Xu, looking for trends and modeling financial projections. Instead of a doomsday scenario, another picture soon emerged: In the first nine months of 2020, DoorDash tripled its revenue, compared with the same time period a year before. The cause? Housebound Americans were ordering more food deliveries than ever before.
Like Airbnb, DoorDash ended up going public in December. In its first day of trading, shares of the company closed at $190, a full 86% above the IPO price of $102.
When Lin first met Xu, though, he wasn’t so sure that DoorDash would be a good investment. At the time, Xu was trying to raise a seed round of financing, and had pitched Lin on the deal. But Lin thought the food delivery space was already crowded and overly competitive, with a slew of well-established rivals like Postmates, Caviar, and Grubhub. He called Xu to tell him that he was passing on the opportunity. “I felt really bad because I didn’t realize he was at a wedding,” says Lin. It wasn’t Xu’s wedding—that came two weeks later. But he was one of the groomsmen at a friend’s ceremony when he got the call.
“It was like, ‘Okay, smile for the cameras,’” recalls Xu. “It was tough, tough to take that rejection, especially when your company doesn’t have much money.”
Though he’d passed on the investment, Lin says Xu made an impression on him: “There was something I just couldn’t get out of my head.”
Xu had been incredibly detailed in his analysis of his business, in the breakdown of how restaurant kitchens operate and how to optimize the process, from cooking lines to front-door delivery. That had impressed Lin. So had Xu’s tenacity. “Founders start companies by ignoring everybody’s advice,” says Lin. “If they listened carefully to all the feedback, they would just not start the companies.”
That certainly had been the case with Hsieh, as Lin had witnessed several times over. “With Tony [Hsieh], I don’t know how many people said no to LinkExchange before Sequoia invested,” says Lin. “I think it was probably a dozen.”
A few years after first meeting Xu, Lin happened to sit down next to the entrepreneur at a dinner put on by venture capitalist Aileen Lee. This time around, he was persuaded. Sequoia participated in DoorDash’s Series A funding round, after passing on the seed. (“God, I was at the same dinner,” says Lee. “Why didn’t I invest in DoorDash?”)
In the end, Sequoia invested a collective $415 million in DoorDash, and the firm’s stake is now worth over $8.5 billion. “I dream of being good enough at my job in order to invest with Alfred,” Lee, founder of investment firm Cowboy Ventures and a friend of Lin’s, jokes when asked about his track record.
Seize the day
Lin has made a name for himself by picking winners. But the entrepreneurs who have worked with him say there’s much more to him—that he’s more than a successful guy who knows how to crunch data.
“You know, behind the scenes, Alfred is a person who I think first and foremost genuinely cares about the entrepreneur,” says Xu. “I think he kind of has to, by the way, because there’s going to be too many tough moments if you’re just looking at the numbers when the numbers don’t exist, and when you have to believe in something with some level of conviction.”
Lin is also on the board of Houzz, a home design site run by cofounder Adi Tatarko. “From the outside he’s a tough person, he’s very analytical and supersmart,” says Tatarko. “But I believe inside he’s a soft person in a good way. He’s in it with you. He goes a very long way to support his founders and to support us the way we want him to support us.”
Jess Lee, a Sequoia partner who works closely with Lin, says his attention to people and culture is a huge part of his appeal to entrepreneurs. “Zappos literally wrote the book on how to build a great company culture,” says Lee. “And, you know, I think that was just as much Alfred as Tony [Hsieh].”
About a year after the Black Swan memo, Sequoia issued yet another message to its founders, including Tatarko, Xu, and Chesky. This one was labeled “COVID Accelerated the Future: Now Seize It.” This particular communication took a much more optimistic tone, projecting that the U.S. was poised for “stronger economic growth” in the second half of 2021 than we’ve seen in decades.
Perhaps because bad news travels faster than good news, this particular manifesto didn’t set off quite the same waves as the R.I.P. Good Times and Black Swan communications had in the past. And unlike those previous memos, there was another element to Sequoia’s advice to startup founders: a focus on the well-being of their teams.
“We’re seeing a difference between how business metrics are performing and how many people in those companies are feeling,” the memo read. “Keep an open dialogue about the challenges your employees face. Strong leadership that puts people first will continue to be critical.”
The tone made sense, not only because of the obvious toll the pandemic had taken on the mental and physical health of many. But also because, particularly for Lin, the year had been a mixed bag. Unprecedented professional highs had coexisted with unprecedented personal lows. Once again, the firm’s memo was simply signed by “Team Sequoia.” But just like Airbnb and DoorDash, and the companies he had run with his late partner, Hsieh, Lin’s touch was palpable, even if his name wasn’t front and center.