豆蔻青春：尼克?阿洛伊西奧

????有多少臉上長著青春痘的少年少女們對尼克?阿洛伊西奧的故事向往不已？他在12歲時自學編程，15歲時打造出新聞摘要應用，促使投資者李嘉誠的維港投資（Horizons Ventures）向這項技術投資了30萬美元。經過了其他幾輪融資并更名為Summly之后，阿洛伊西奧在2013年3月以3,000萬美元的價格，把這款應用出售給了雅虎（Yahoo），加入了這個總部位于加州森尼維爾的科技巨頭，在英格蘭的家中辦公。現年17歲的他已經與阿什頓?庫徹、艾維?尼沃和Yoko Oko等投資者和顧問稱兄道弟。

????“我想保持某種程度的謙遜，”他對《衛報》（Guardian）說，他的動機不只是金錢。“我的動機是技術和產品，對于我想做的事，現在這些只是一個開始。”

????芝加哥大學（University of Chicago）經濟學家大衛?加倫森的研究顯示，不同于那些通過實驗和辛勤研究來創新（這可能需要數十年）的人，在職業生涯早期就嶄露頭角的創新者往往能實現觀念性的突破。

????“有兩種截然不同的創新者。傳統上被視為天才的人就是我所說的實現觀念性突破的人。他們擁有全新的創意，”《高齡大師和年輕天才》（Old Masters and Young Geniuses）的作者加倫森說。“形成全新抽象概念的能力在職業生涯早期往往最為重要。”

Adolescence: Nick D'Aloisio

????How many pimply-faced adolescents salivate over a story like Nick D'Aloisio's? He taught himself to code at 12 and at 15 created a news summary app that prompted investor Li Ka Shing's Horizons Ventures to invest $300,000 in the technology. After a few more rounds of funding and a name change to Summly, D'Aloisio sold the app to Yahoo (YHOO, Fortune 500) for a reported $30 million in March 2013, joining the Sunnyvale, Calif.-based tech giant from his home base in England. Now 17, he hobnobs with investors and advisers like Ashton Kutcher, Vivi Nevo, and Yoko Oko.

????"I try to maintain a level of humbleness to this," he told the Guardian newspaper, adding that his motivation wasn't simply monetary reward. "Because the motivation was technology and product, this is just the beginning of what I want to do."

????Research by University of Chicago economist David Galenson finds that innovators who make their mark early on in their careers tend to accomplish conceptual breakthroughs, as opposed to those who innovate through experimentation and laborious research -- which can take decades.

????"There are two very different kinds of people who make innovations. The people who are traditionally regarded as geniuses are the people I refer to as conceptual. They have a brand-new idea," says Galenson, author of Old Masters and Young Geniuses. "The ability to form new abstractions tends to be greatest early in your career."