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借助生成式AI和數(shù)字化優(yōu)勢(shì),亞洲生產(chǎn)力可能大幅提高

移動(dòng)技術(shù)、社交媒體和電子商務(wù)改變了亞洲的小企業(yè),這讓亞洲地區(qū)在采用人工智能時(shí)占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

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圖片來(lái)源:DIMAS ARDIAN—BLOOMBERG VIA GETTY IMAGES

亞洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)前景一片光明。根據(jù)國(guó)際貨幣基金組織(IMF)的數(shù)據(jù),亞洲地區(qū)今年的增長(zhǎng)率預(yù)計(jì)將達(dá)到4.5%,比六個(gè)月前的預(yù)測(cè)高出0.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。但這個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)依舊低于2023年公布的5%的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率。

但仔細(xì)研究亞洲地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)該地區(qū)的生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)不足,而經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為,生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)是長(zhǎng)期改善生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、技能水平和就業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)。

世界銀行(World Bank)2024年4月發(fā)布的《東亞與太平洋地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)半年報(bào)》指出,該地區(qū)領(lǐng)先企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)落后于全球領(lǐng)先企業(yè)。該報(bào)告將生產(chǎn)率落后歸咎于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)障礙、工人的技能不均衡以及管理不善等。

人工智能正在蓬勃發(fā)展。

評(píng)論家們稱贊人工智能是提高生產(chǎn)率和效率、培養(yǎng)新技能和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的一種方法。根據(jù)20世紀(jì)90年代IT技術(shù)興起時(shí)生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)的程度和速度,安永(EY)估計(jì),未來(lái)十年,生成式人工智能有望將生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)提高50%至100%。

然而,生成式人工智能可能無(wú)法達(dá)到工業(yè)革命或電力應(yīng)用所帶來(lái)的生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)翻一倍或兩倍的效果。例如,1974年至2004年,美國(guó)非農(nóng)業(yè)部門的勞動(dòng)力生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng),有一半來(lái)自IT部門。基于保守的前景預(yù)測(cè),安永預(yù)計(jì)生成式人工智能將帶來(lái)類似的增益效果。

亞洲的數(shù)字原住民推動(dòng)人工智能的應(yīng)用

幸運(yùn)的是,亞洲地區(qū)已經(jīng)做好準(zhǔn)備,可以利用生成式人工智能創(chuàng)造的機(jī)會(huì)提高生產(chǎn)率。亞洲人是數(shù)字原住民,該地區(qū)規(guī)模龐大、持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的年輕人口,在應(yīng)用數(shù)字服務(wù)方面已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先于其他地區(qū)。據(jù)國(guó)際數(shù)據(jù)公司(International Data Corporation,IDC)統(tǒng)計(jì),迄今為止,亞洲的生成式人工智能投資已高達(dá)約7億美元,有44%的亞洲數(shù)字原生企業(yè)(DNB)正在探索生成式人工智能的潛在應(yīng)用。這對(duì)于未來(lái)提高生產(chǎn)率是個(gè)好消息。

IDC預(yù)測(cè),生成式人工智能能夠自動(dòng)執(zhí)行和增強(qiáng)編程與內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作等重復(fù)性任務(wù),將對(duì)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、研發(fā)、客戶參與、銷售和市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷等部門產(chǎn)生最大影響。

盡管一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)(例如個(gè)人電腦)提高生產(chǎn)率的效果有時(shí)需要十年才能顯現(xiàn)出來(lái),但生成式人工智能將很快發(fā)揮出顯著的效果。數(shù)字原住民將比前輩們更快地接受和采用人工智能,這意味著他們可能在短短三年內(nèi)享受到人工智能對(duì)生產(chǎn)率和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的提升。

不僅亞洲人精通數(shù)字技術(shù),服務(wù)他們的企業(yè)同樣善于利用技術(shù)。中小企業(yè)的快速增長(zhǎng),以及消費(fèi)者對(duì)新型電子商務(wù)、社交媒體和移動(dòng)技術(shù)的追捧,造就了一個(gè)豐富和成熟的數(shù)字化商業(yè)環(huán)境。而且與西方國(guó)家相比,亞洲的數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)展迅速,面臨的傳統(tǒng)挑戰(zhàn)較少,因此亞洲市場(chǎng)特別是亞洲企業(yè),具備了比其他地區(qū)更早挖掘生成式人工智能潛力的理想條件。

但是,在將人工智能的增益最大化之前,企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者依舊需要解決許多問(wèn)題。其中最緊迫的問(wèn)題是:在哪些情況下以及如何以最好的方式利用人工智能服務(wù)他們的企業(yè)?

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不能只把人工智能視為一款新應(yīng)用或技術(shù)工具,而是真正的游戲規(guī)則的改變者——為了充分發(fā)揮人工智能的潛力,需要有新的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、流程和文化。

如何將數(shù)據(jù)處理與交付變成真正實(shí)時(shí)的和無(wú)縫銜接的過(guò)程,讓人工智能充分發(fā)揮它的價(jià)值?如何妥善和公平地分配人工智能技能,使技能提升成為所有人的機(jī)會(huì),而不是只有少數(shù)人受益?隨著人工智能和自動(dòng)化不可避免地改變和重塑任務(wù)與角色,同時(shí)催生新的任務(wù)和角色,就業(yè)又會(huì)受到哪些影響?

但亞洲企業(yè)不應(yīng)該等到找到這些問(wèn)題的確切答案才有所行動(dòng)。相反,他們應(yīng)該盡量抓住此次機(jī)會(huì)。在應(yīng)用這種顛覆性技術(shù)的競(jìng)賽中,亞洲是理想的先行者,而企業(yè)應(yīng)該發(fā)揮帶頭作用。

目前就有兩個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。第一是在內(nèi)部,通過(guò)采用人工智能幫助員工和組織在效率和生產(chǎn)率方面領(lǐng)先于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。其次是在外部,利用生成式人工智能,為客戶帶來(lái)新的體驗(yàn)和服務(wù)。

目前,對(duì)于生成式人工智能等新技術(shù),還沒(méi)有成功的劇本可以參考。需要由商界領(lǐng)袖尤其是亞洲的商界領(lǐng)袖們?nèi)?shū)寫(xiě),開(kāi)辟新領(lǐng)域,引領(lǐng)這一變革性技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

本文作者帕特里克·溫特現(xiàn)任安永亞太區(qū)主管合伙人。金松妍博士現(xiàn)任安永亞太區(qū)人工智能技術(shù)咨詢負(fù)責(zé)人。

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

亞洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)前景一片光明。根據(jù)國(guó)際貨幣基金組織(IMF)的數(shù)據(jù),亞洲地區(qū)今年的增長(zhǎng)率預(yù)計(jì)將達(dá)到4.5%,比六個(gè)月前的預(yù)測(cè)高出0.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。但這個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)依舊低于2023年公布的5%的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率。

但仔細(xì)研究亞洲地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)該地區(qū)的生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)不足,而經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為,生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)是長(zhǎng)期改善生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、技能水平和就業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)。

世界銀行(World Bank)2024年4月發(fā)布的《東亞與太平洋地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)半年報(bào)》指出,該地區(qū)領(lǐng)先企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)落后于全球領(lǐng)先企業(yè)。該報(bào)告將生產(chǎn)率落后歸咎于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)障礙、工人的技能不均衡以及管理不善等。

人工智能正在蓬勃發(fā)展。

評(píng)論家們稱贊人工智能是提高生產(chǎn)率和效率、培養(yǎng)新技能和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的一種方法。根據(jù)20世紀(jì)90年代IT技術(shù)興起時(shí)生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)的程度和速度,安永(EY)估計(jì),未來(lái)十年,生成式人工智能有望將生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)提高50%至100%。

然而,生成式人工智能可能無(wú)法達(dá)到工業(yè)革命或電力應(yīng)用所帶來(lái)的生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)翻一倍或兩倍的效果。例如,1974年至2004年,美國(guó)非農(nóng)業(yè)部門的勞動(dòng)力生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng),有一半來(lái)自IT部門。基于保守的前景預(yù)測(cè),安永預(yù)計(jì)生成式人工智能將帶來(lái)類似的增益效果。

亞洲的數(shù)字原住民推動(dòng)人工智能的應(yīng)用

幸運(yùn)的是,亞洲地區(qū)已經(jīng)做好準(zhǔn)備,可以利用生成式人工智能創(chuàng)造的機(jī)會(huì)提高生產(chǎn)率。亞洲人是數(shù)字原住民,該地區(qū)規(guī)模龐大、持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的年輕人口,在應(yīng)用數(shù)字服務(wù)方面已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先于其他地區(qū)。據(jù)國(guó)際數(shù)據(jù)公司(International Data Corporation,IDC)統(tǒng)計(jì),迄今為止,亞洲的生成式人工智能投資已高達(dá)約7億美元,有44%的亞洲數(shù)字原生企業(yè)(DNB)正在探索生成式人工智能的潛在應(yīng)用。這對(duì)于未來(lái)提高生產(chǎn)率是個(gè)好消息。

IDC預(yù)測(cè),生成式人工智能能夠自動(dòng)執(zhí)行和增強(qiáng)編程與內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作等重復(fù)性任務(wù),將對(duì)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、研發(fā)、客戶參與、銷售和市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷等部門產(chǎn)生最大影響。

盡管一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)(例如個(gè)人電腦)提高生產(chǎn)率的效果有時(shí)需要十年才能顯現(xiàn)出來(lái),但生成式人工智能將很快發(fā)揮出顯著的效果。數(shù)字原住民將比前輩們更快地接受和采用人工智能,這意味著他們可能在短短三年內(nèi)享受到人工智能對(duì)生產(chǎn)率和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的提升。

不僅亞洲人精通數(shù)字技術(shù),服務(wù)他們的企業(yè)同樣善于利用技術(shù)。中小企業(yè)的快速增長(zhǎng),以及消費(fèi)者對(duì)新型電子商務(wù)、社交媒體和移動(dòng)技術(shù)的追捧,造就了一個(gè)豐富和成熟的數(shù)字化商業(yè)環(huán)境。而且與西方國(guó)家相比,亞洲的數(shù)字基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)展迅速,面臨的傳統(tǒng)挑戰(zhàn)較少,因此亞洲市場(chǎng)特別是亞洲企業(yè),具備了比其他地區(qū)更早挖掘生成式人工智能潛力的理想條件。

但是,在將人工智能的增益最大化之前,企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者依舊需要解決許多問(wèn)題。其中最緊迫的問(wèn)題是:在哪些情況下以及如何以最好的方式利用人工智能服務(wù)他們的企業(yè)?

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不能只把人工智能視為一款新應(yīng)用或技術(shù)工具,而是真正的游戲規(guī)則的改變者——為了充分發(fā)揮人工智能的潛力,需要有新的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、流程和文化。

如何將數(shù)據(jù)處理與交付變成真正實(shí)時(shí)的和無(wú)縫銜接的過(guò)程,讓人工智能充分發(fā)揮它的價(jià)值?如何妥善和公平地分配人工智能技能,使技能提升成為所有人的機(jī)會(huì),而不是只有少數(shù)人受益?隨著人工智能和自動(dòng)化不可避免地改變和重塑任務(wù)與角色,同時(shí)催生新的任務(wù)和角色,就業(yè)又會(huì)受到哪些影響?

但亞洲企業(yè)不應(yīng)該等到找到這些問(wèn)題的確切答案才有所行動(dòng)。相反,他們應(yīng)該盡量抓住此次機(jī)會(huì)。在應(yīng)用這種顛覆性技術(shù)的競(jìng)賽中,亞洲是理想的先行者,而企業(yè)應(yīng)該發(fā)揮帶頭作用。

目前就有兩個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。第一是在內(nèi)部,通過(guò)采用人工智能幫助員工和組織在效率和生產(chǎn)率方面領(lǐng)先于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。其次是在外部,利用生成式人工智能,為客戶帶來(lái)新的體驗(yàn)和服務(wù)。

目前,對(duì)于生成式人工智能等新技術(shù),還沒(méi)有成功的劇本可以參考。需要由商界領(lǐng)袖尤其是亞洲的商界領(lǐng)袖們?nèi)?shū)寫(xiě),開(kāi)辟新領(lǐng)域,引領(lǐng)這一變革性技術(shù)的應(yīng)用。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))

本文作者帕特里克·溫特現(xiàn)任安永亞太區(qū)主管合伙人。金松妍博士現(xiàn)任安永亞太區(qū)人工智能技術(shù)咨詢負(fù)責(zé)人。

譯者:劉進(jìn)龍

審校:汪皓

Asia’s growth prospects are looking up. According to the IMF, the region is forecast to grow 4.5% this year, 0.3 percentage points more than the projection six months earlier. But this forecast is still below the 5% economic growth reported in 2023.

But look more closely at the region’s growth, and you’ll find that it lacks the underlying productivity gains that economists deem as the foundation for long-term improvements in living standards, skill levels, and employment.

The World Bank’s East Asia and Pacific April 2024 Economic Update noted that productivity growth among leading firms in the region lags that of leading global companies. The report blames impediments to competition, uneven skills among workers, and weak management for lagging productivity.

AI, step forward.

Commentators tout AI as a way to improve productivity and efficiency and foster the creation of new skills and jobs. Based on the level and speed of productivity growth during the rise of IT in the 1990s, EY estimates that GenAI has the potential to lift productivity growth by between 50% to 100% in the coming decade.

However, generative AI will likely fall short of the doubling or tripling of productivity growth resulting from the Industrial Revolution or the adoption of electricity. For reference, the IT sector accounted for half of labor productivity growth in the U.S. non-farm sector between 1974 and 2004. EY projects similar gains from GenAI, based on a conservative outlook.

Asia’s digital natives to supercharge AI adoption

Fortunately for Asia, the region is primed to capture the productivity opportunities from generative AI. Asians are digital natives, with the region’s large, growing—and young—populations leapfrogging other regions to embrace digital services. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC), around $700 million has been invested in GenAI in the region so far, with 44% of Asia’s digital native businesses (DNBs) exploring its potential use. That’s great news for future productivity.

GenAI’s ability to automate and augment repetitive tasks like coding and content creation will have the greatest effect on business functions like product design, R&D, customer engagement, sales, and marketing, predicts the IDC.

And while it can sometimes take a decade for the productivity effects of a new technology—like, say, the PC—to emerge, the benefits of generative AI will quickly become obvious. A population of digital natives will embrace and adopt AI more quickly than previous generations, meaning they might enjoy a boost to productivity and economic activity in as little as three years.

Not only are Asians digitally savvy, but so are the businesses that serve them. The rapid growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, combined with how consumers are embracing new e-commerce, social media, and mobile technologies has created a digitally rich and mature business landscape. Coupled with fast-advancing digital infrastructure and fewer legacy challenges than their Western counterparts, Asian markets and specifically their businesses are ideally equipped to extract GenAI’s potential earlier than other regions.

Still, many questions remain before business leaders can maximize the gains from AI. The most pressing of them: Where, and how, to best leverage AI for their businesses?

Leaders need to view AI as more than just a new application or technology tool, but instead as a true game-changer—one that requires new infrastructure, processes, and culture to tap fully.

How will data processing and delivery become truly real time and seamless to allow AI to deliver its full value? How will AI skills be properly and fairly distributed so upskilling is an opportunity for all and not just the few? How will jobs truly be impacted as AI and automation inevitably changes and reshapes tasks and roles, but also give birth to new ones?

But businesses in Asia shouldn’t wait for clear answers. Instead, they need to grasp this opportunity while they can. Asia is an ideal first mover in the race to tap this game-changing technology, and businesses will be the spearhead.

There are two immediate opportunities. The first is internal, where AI adoption can help employees and organizations get ahead of their competition regarding efficiency and productivity. The second is external, using GenAI to give customers new experiences and offerings.

Right now, there’s no playbook for success for a new technology like GenAI. It’ll be up to business leaders—and, potentially, business leaders in Asia—to write it, breaking new ground and leading the adoption of this transformative technology.

Patrick Winter is the Asia-Pacific area managing partner for EY. Dr. Sooyeon Kim is the Asia-Pacific technology consulting artificial intelligence leader for EY.

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