無(wú)人機(jī)已經(jīng)成為軍方空中偵察的首選技術(shù),但美國(guó)的五角大樓(Pentagon)似乎對(duì)一種傳統(tǒng)概念寄予厚望,那就是高空氣球。
與以前的軍用飛艇相比,這些高空氣球的科技含量更高。太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)的氣球可以借助60000英尺(約18288米)至90000英尺(約27432米)高空的氣流,使用算法在空中航行。
Politico的報(bào)道稱(chēng),五角大樓大幅增加了高空氣球的預(yù)算,希望它們能夠協(xié)助跟蹤和攔截俄羅斯與中國(guó)的高超音速導(dǎo)彈。
Politico分析預(yù)算文件發(fā)現(xiàn),在2023年的財(cái)政預(yù)算中,美國(guó)國(guó)防部(Department of Defense)預(yù)留出2710萬(wàn)美元繼續(xù)開(kāi)展氣球項(xiàng)目,而其過(guò)去兩年在該項(xiàng)目上的支出只有380萬(wàn)美元。
五角大樓之所以將高空氣球納入覆蓋范圍已經(jīng)很廣的監(jiān)視技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò),是由于美國(guó)對(duì)俄羅斯和中國(guó)的高超音速導(dǎo)彈的擔(dān)憂日益加劇。
今年3月,俄羅斯聲稱(chēng)在烏克蘭使用高超音速導(dǎo)彈發(fā)動(dòng)攻擊,這一說(shuō)法得到了美國(guó)的確認(rèn),這是該項(xiàng)技術(shù)首次用于實(shí)戰(zhàn)。之后,俄羅斯在對(duì)烏克蘭的攻擊中多次使用高超音速導(dǎo)彈。
2021年7月,中國(guó)成功測(cè)試可以攜帶核彈頭的高超音速導(dǎo)彈。據(jù)媒體報(bào)道稱(chēng),此次測(cè)試讓五角大樓深感意外,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)五角大樓認(rèn)為沒(méi)有任何國(guó)家具備這種能力。
據(jù)Politico報(bào)道,高空監(jiān)視氣球的生產(chǎn)商是Raven Industries旗下的航空航天和國(guó)防公司Raven Aerostar。這些氣球?qū)⒆鳛轱w機(jī)或衛(wèi)星等傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)視手段的補(bǔ)充,但成本更低。
氣球裝備了電池和使用太陽(yáng)能面板充電的飛行控制單元,以及用于控制飛行安全、導(dǎo)航和通信的有效載荷電子設(shè)備。氣球通過(guò)軟件程序駕駛,能夠由接受過(guò)培訓(xùn)的飛行工程師在任務(wù)操作中心操控,可以全天候飛行。
預(yù)算文件顯示,這些高空氣球還能夠通過(guò)攔截電子信號(hào)和通訊內(nèi)容,跟蹤地面移動(dòng)目標(biāo)。
這并非美國(guó)國(guó)防部首次使用高空氣球。2019年,美國(guó)國(guó)防部在旨在搜尋販毒執(zhí)行的“秘密長(zhǎng)期平流層架構(gòu)”(Covert Long-Dwell Stratospheric Architecture)項(xiàng)目中,在南達(dá)科他州部署了25個(gè)監(jiān)視氣球。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為“冷星”(COLD STAR)項(xiàng)目。
但現(xiàn)在,美國(guó)國(guó)防部正在將這些氣球轉(zhuǎn)為軍用。
Politico報(bào)道稱(chēng),五角大樓證實(shí),“冷星”項(xiàng)目及其氣球已經(jīng)被轉(zhuǎn)為軍事用途。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
無(wú)人機(jī)已經(jīng)成為軍方空中偵察的首選技術(shù),但美國(guó)的五角大樓(Pentagon)似乎對(duì)一種傳統(tǒng)概念寄予厚望,那就是高空氣球。
與以前的軍用飛艇相比,這些高空氣球的科技含量更高。太陽(yáng)能驅(qū)動(dòng)的氣球可以借助60000英尺(約18288米)至90000英尺(約27432米)高空的氣流,使用算法在空中航行。
Politico的報(bào)道稱(chēng),五角大樓大幅增加了高空氣球的預(yù)算,希望它們能夠協(xié)助跟蹤和攔截俄羅斯與中國(guó)的高超音速導(dǎo)彈。
Politico分析預(yù)算文件發(fā)現(xiàn),在2023年的財(cái)政預(yù)算中,美國(guó)國(guó)防部(Department of Defense)預(yù)留出2710萬(wàn)美元繼續(xù)開(kāi)展氣球項(xiàng)目,而其過(guò)去兩年在該項(xiàng)目上的支出只有380萬(wàn)美元。
五角大樓之所以將高空氣球納入覆蓋范圍已經(jīng)很廣的監(jiān)視技術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò),是由于美國(guó)對(duì)俄羅斯和中國(guó)的高超音速導(dǎo)彈的擔(dān)憂日益加劇。
今年3月,俄羅斯聲稱(chēng)在烏克蘭使用高超音速導(dǎo)彈發(fā)動(dòng)攻擊,這一說(shuō)法得到了美國(guó)的確認(rèn),這是該項(xiàng)技術(shù)首次用于實(shí)戰(zhàn)。之后,俄羅斯在對(duì)烏克蘭的攻擊中多次使用高超音速導(dǎo)彈。
2021年7月,中國(guó)成功測(cè)試可以攜帶核彈頭的高超音速導(dǎo)彈。據(jù)媒體報(bào)道稱(chēng),此次測(cè)試讓五角大樓深感意外,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)五角大樓認(rèn)為沒(méi)有任何國(guó)家具備這種能力。
據(jù)Politico報(bào)道,高空監(jiān)視氣球的生產(chǎn)商是Raven Industries旗下的航空航天和國(guó)防公司Raven Aerostar。這些氣球?qū)⒆鳛轱w機(jī)或衛(wèi)星等傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)視手段的補(bǔ)充,但成本更低。
氣球裝備了電池和使用太陽(yáng)能面板充電的飛行控制單元,以及用于控制飛行安全、導(dǎo)航和通信的有效載荷電子設(shè)備。氣球通過(guò)軟件程序駕駛,能夠由接受過(guò)培訓(xùn)的飛行工程師在任務(wù)操作中心操控,可以全天候飛行。
預(yù)算文件顯示,這些高空氣球還能夠通過(guò)攔截電子信號(hào)和通訊內(nèi)容,跟蹤地面移動(dòng)目標(biāo)。
這并非美國(guó)國(guó)防部首次使用高空氣球。2019年,美國(guó)國(guó)防部在旨在搜尋販毒執(zhí)行的“秘密長(zhǎng)期平流層架構(gòu)”(Covert Long-Dwell Stratospheric Architecture)項(xiàng)目中,在南達(dá)科他州部署了25個(gè)監(jiān)視氣球。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為“冷星”(COLD STAR)項(xiàng)目。
但現(xiàn)在,美國(guó)國(guó)防部正在將這些氣球轉(zhuǎn)為軍用。
Politico報(bào)道稱(chēng),五角大樓證實(shí),“冷星”項(xiàng)目及其氣球已經(jīng)被轉(zhuǎn)為軍事用途。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
譯者:劉進(jìn)龍
審校:汪皓
Drones have become the military's go-to technology for aerial surveillance, but the Pentagon appears to have big hopes for an older concept: high-altitude balloons.
These balloons are far more high-tech than the military blimps of the past. The solar-powered balloons use algorithms to navigate the skies, drafting off of wind currents at between 60,000 and 90,000 feet above the ground.
According to a report in Politico, the Pentagon is giving the balloons a big bump in spending in hopes that they could aid in tracking and deterring Russian and Chinese hypersonic missiles.
The Department of Defense has set aside $27.1 million in the 2023 fiscal budget to continue work on its balloon projects, up from the $3.8 million it spent on balloons over the past two years, according to a Politico review of budget documents.
The Pentagon’s effort to incorporate the balloons into its already extensive network of surveillance technology comes amid growing concerns over Russia and China’s arsenals of hypersonic missiles.
In March, the U.S. confirmed Russia’s claim that it used a hypersonic missile in an attack in Ukraine, marking the first time the technology has been used in combat. Russia has since followed up with several more hypersonic missile deployments in different attacks against Ukraine.
In July 2021, China successfully tested its nuclear-capable hypersonic missile, reportedly surprising the Pentagon, which did not think any nation at the time had the capability.
The high-altitude surveillance balloons are produced by Raven Aerostar, an aerospace and defense company owned by Raven Industries, and will supplement work traditionally done by aircraft or satellite at a much cheaper cost, Politico reported.
The balloons are equipped with a battery and solar panel-charged flight control unit, as well as a payload electronics package to control flight safety, navigation and communication, are piloted by a software program and manned 24/7 by trained flight engineers at a missions operation center.
According to budget documents, the balloons will also be used to track moving ground targets by intercepting electronic signals and communications.
It’s not the first time the Department of Defense has used high-altitude balloons. In 2019, the DoD made headlines when it deployed 25 surveillance balloons from South Dakota as part of its Covert Long-Dwell Stratospheric Architecture (COLD STAR) project aimed at finding drug traffickers.
But now, the DoD is transitioning its use of balloons to the military.
The Pentagon confirmed that the COLD STAR program and its balloons have been transitioned to be used for military services, according to Politico.