TikTok已經(jīng)清醒地意識(shí)到,它不再只是一個(gè)充斥著年輕人斗舞視頻的平臺(tái)了——現(xiàn)在,它也是人們散布謠言、聳人聽(tīng)聞的地方。而這一愈發(fā)突出的問(wèn)題,其實(shí)早已困擾著它在社交媒體領(lǐng)域更為成熟的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手們。
TikTok平臺(tái)方于周三表示,公司正在采取新的措施來(lái)解決這一問(wèn)題。現(xiàn)在,它將為人們發(fā)布的一些帖子打上“未經(jīng)證實(shí)內(nèi)容”的標(biāo)簽加以限流,并減少分享次數(shù)。如果用戶仍嘗試分享視頻,他們將收到另一條警告,提醒稱(chēng)該視頻包含“未經(jīng)驗(yàn)證”的內(nèi)容。
但是社交媒體專(zhuān)家說(shuō),TikTok的新措施也帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題。
例如,哪些屬于“未經(jīng)證實(shí)的內(nèi)容”?最終是用戶負(fù)責(zé)標(biāo)記此類(lèi)帖子,還是TikTok會(huì)制定一個(gè)方案來(lái)主動(dòng)查找這些帖子?這部分工作有多少將由人工智能完成,多少將由人類(lèi)完成?它的內(nèi)容審核小組是否足具規(guī)模,能處理其用戶每天發(fā)布的數(shù)量龐大的帖子?TikTok的中國(guó)母公司字節(jié)跳動(dòng)(ByteDance)又對(duì)這些決定產(chǎn)生多大影響?
在布法羅大學(xué)從事謠言和不實(shí)信息研究的助理教授約坦?奧菲爾(Yotam Ophir)說(shuō):“我認(rèn)為這上面的信息有一些是故意產(chǎn)生歧義。” 并表示“我很難理解他們想要干嘛。”
截至發(fā)稿,TikTok尚未回復(fù)置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。
目前我們所知道的是,TikTok表示,一旦他們識(shí)別出不實(shí)信息或謠言,就會(huì)立即刪除——盡管我們不知道他們要如何識(shí)別。該平臺(tái)還說(shuō),在英國(guó),他們與Logically公司合作,后者是一家同時(shí)動(dòng)用人類(lèi)事實(shí)核查員與人工智能打擊不實(shí)信息的公司。當(dāng)Logically確定一條視頻包含不實(shí)信息時(shí),TikTok就會(huì)將其刪除。目前尚不清楚,他們是不是僅在英國(guó)這么做。
同時(shí),立法機(jī)關(guān)也一直在對(duì)社交媒體公司施加更大的壓力——他們對(duì)這些平臺(tái)上煽動(dòng)仇恨的言論、充滿暴力的帖子以及可能在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界造成負(fù)面影響憂心忡忡。對(duì)此,F(xiàn)acebook和Twitter迅速出臺(tái)了更嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則,對(duì)包含可疑內(nèi)容(如關(guān)于大選和疫情防治的謠言)的帖子越來(lái)越重拳出擊。而且,美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)大廈的暴動(dòng)似乎也讓社交媒體上的言論環(huán)境更加混亂,而這場(chǎng)暴動(dòng)本身又是由社交媒體上用來(lái)欺騙選民的假消息助長(zhǎng)的。
加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校研究?jī)?nèi)容審核的副教授莎拉?羅伯茨(Sarah Roberts)說(shuō):“這著實(shí)是個(gè)能讓人猛地一下清醒過(guò)來(lái)的時(shí)刻。這也再次證明,繼續(xù)認(rèn)為社交媒體空間是完全脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的其他方面是不可行的。”
TikTok打擊謠言的決定或?qū)殡S許多新的挑戰(zhàn),其落實(shí)過(guò)程也會(huì)受到更多審查。但是專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為,這對(duì)社會(huì)和企業(yè)而言,都是朝正確的方向邁進(jìn)了一步。羅伯茨指出,如果說(shuō)TikTok現(xiàn)在能給出什么承諾,那就是它可以說(shuō)自己正在盡最大努力管控這一問(wèn)題,并降低商業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
但是正如范德比爾特大學(xué)斯坦頓基金會(huì)第一修正案研究所主任豪塔姆?漢斯(Gautam Hans)所說(shuō),TikTok正步入了一塊言論監(jiān)管的灰色領(lǐng)域。并且最終可能導(dǎo)致輿論場(chǎng)“一片混亂”。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
編譯:陳聰聰
TikTok已經(jīng)清醒地意識(shí)到,它不再只是一個(gè)充斥著年輕人斗舞視頻的平臺(tái)了——現(xiàn)在,它也是人們散布謠言、聳人聽(tīng)聞的地方。而這一愈發(fā)突出的問(wèn)題,其實(shí)早已困擾著它在社交媒體領(lǐng)域更為成熟的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手們。
TikTok平臺(tái)方于周三表示,公司正在采取新的措施來(lái)解決這一問(wèn)題。現(xiàn)在,它將為人們發(fā)布的一些帖子打上“未經(jīng)證實(shí)內(nèi)容”的標(biāo)簽加以限流,并減少分享次數(shù)。如果用戶仍嘗試分享視頻,他們將收到另一條警告,提醒稱(chēng)該視頻包含“未經(jīng)驗(yàn)證”的內(nèi)容。
但是社交媒體專(zhuān)家說(shuō),TikTok的新措施也帶來(lái)了很多問(wèn)題。
例如,哪些屬于“未經(jīng)證實(shí)的內(nèi)容”?最終是用戶負(fù)責(zé)標(biāo)記此類(lèi)帖子,還是TikTok會(huì)制定一個(gè)方案來(lái)主動(dòng)查找這些帖子?這部分工作有多少將由人工智能完成,多少將由人類(lèi)完成?它的內(nèi)容審核小組是否足具規(guī)模,能處理其用戶每天發(fā)布的數(shù)量龐大的帖子?TikTok的中國(guó)母公司字節(jié)跳動(dòng)(ByteDance)又對(duì)這些決定產(chǎn)生多大影響?
在布法羅大學(xué)從事謠言和不實(shí)信息研究的助理教授約坦?奧菲爾(Yotam Ophir)說(shuō):“我認(rèn)為這上面的信息有一些是故意產(chǎn)生歧義。” 并表示“我很難理解他們想要干嘛。”
截至發(fā)稿,TikTok尚未回復(fù)置評(píng)請(qǐng)求。
目前我們所知道的是,TikTok表示,一旦他們識(shí)別出不實(shí)信息或謠言,就會(huì)立即刪除——盡管我們不知道他們要如何識(shí)別。該平臺(tái)還說(shuō),在英國(guó),他們與Logically公司合作,后者是一家同時(shí)動(dòng)用人類(lèi)事實(shí)核查員與人工智能打擊不實(shí)信息的公司。當(dāng)Logically確定一條視頻包含不實(shí)信息時(shí),TikTok就會(huì)將其刪除。目前尚不清楚,他們是不是僅在英國(guó)這么做。
同時(shí),立法機(jī)關(guān)也一直在對(duì)社交媒體公司施加更大的壓力——他們對(duì)這些平臺(tái)上煽動(dòng)仇恨的言論、充滿暴力的帖子以及可能在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界造成負(fù)面影響憂心忡忡。對(duì)此,F(xiàn)acebook和Twitter迅速出臺(tái)了更嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則,對(duì)包含可疑內(nèi)容(如關(guān)于大選和疫情防治的謠言)的帖子越來(lái)越重拳出擊。而且,美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)大廈的暴動(dòng)似乎也讓社交媒體上的言論環(huán)境更加混亂,而這場(chǎng)暴動(dòng)本身又是由社交媒體上用來(lái)欺騙選民的假消息助長(zhǎng)的。
加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校研究?jī)?nèi)容審核的副教授莎拉?羅伯茨(Sarah Roberts)說(shuō):“這著實(shí)是個(gè)能讓人猛地一下清醒過(guò)來(lái)的時(shí)刻。這也再次證明,繼續(xù)認(rèn)為社交媒體空間是完全脫離現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的其他方面是不可行的。”
TikTok打擊謠言的決定或?qū)殡S許多新的挑戰(zhàn),其落實(shí)過(guò)程也會(huì)受到更多審查。但是專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為,這對(duì)社會(huì)和企業(yè)而言,都是朝正確的方向邁進(jìn)了一步。羅伯茨指出,如果說(shuō)TikTok現(xiàn)在能給出什么承諾,那就是它可以說(shuō)自己正在盡最大努力管控這一問(wèn)題,并降低商業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
但是正如范德比爾特大學(xué)斯坦頓基金會(huì)第一修正案研究所主任豪塔姆?漢斯(Gautam Hans)所說(shuō),TikTok正步入了一塊言論監(jiān)管的灰色領(lǐng)域。并且最終可能導(dǎo)致輿論場(chǎng)“一片混亂”。(財(cái)富中文網(wǎng))
編譯:陳聰聰
TikTok is well aware it’s no longer a service used solely by bubbly teens doing dance challenges. It’s also a place where people spread harmful misinformation—a problem that has proliferated on the platforms of its more mature rivals.
The service said on Wednesday that it’s taking new steps to crack down on the problem. It will now label posts with “unsubstantiated content” in an effort to reduce the number of times they're shared. If users still try to share the video, they’ll receive another warning reminding them that the video has “unverified” content before they can share it.
But social media experts say TikTok's new step raises a lot of questions.
For example, what is considered “unsubstantiated content”? Will users ultimately be responsible for flagging such posts or does TikTok have a plan in place to proactively find them? How much of this work will be done by artificial intelligence versus humans? Is its content moderation team big enough to handle the massive number of posts users publish every day? And how much does TikTok's Chinese owner ByteDance influence those decisions?
“I think there is some intentional ambiguity in the message here,” said Yotam Ophir, an assistant professor at the University of Buffalo who studies misinformation. “It’s hard for me to understand what they’re going to do.”
TikTok had not responded to a request for comment by the time this newsletter was published.
Here’s what we know. TikTok says it already removes misinformation as it identifies it, though we don’t know how that's identified. It also says that in the U.K., it partners with Logically, a company that combines human fact-checkers with artificial intelligence to fight misinformation. When Logically determines a video has misinformation, TikTok removes it. It’s unclear if this is only happening in the U.K.
Meanwhile, legislators and lawmakers have been turning up the pressure on social media companies, concerned about hate speech, violent posts, and misinformation that could lead to real-world harm. As a result, Facebook and Twitter have rapidly ramped up their rules, getting tougher on posts that contain problematic content like election misinformation and fake coronavirus cures. And they’ve all seemingly been rattled by the riots at the U.S. Capitol, which were fueled by false claims of voter fraud that were bolstered on social media.
“It’s certainly a come-to-Jesus moment,” said Sarah Roberts, an associate professor at the University of California, Los Angeles who studies content moderation. “It was yet again a demonstration of the ways in which it’s not feasible to pretend like the world of social media is somehow completely divorced from the rest of our reality.”
TikTok’s decision to crack down on misinformation will likely come with a host of new challenges and a lot more scrutiny over how it executes the plan. But experts agree it’s a step in the right direction, both for society and the business. Roberts points out that if anything, TikTok can now claim it's making a good-faith effort to control the problem and reduce its business risks.
But as director of Vanderbilt University's Stanton Foundation First Amendment Clinic Gautam Hans says, TikTok is wading into the gray area of regulating speech. And ultimately: “Speech is messy.”