報稅季來了又去，它會卷走人們一大筆錢。鑒于《2017年減稅與就業(yè)法案》帶來的巨大變化，稅務(wù)專業(yè)人士仍然想在報稅最終期限到來之前弄清楚哪些做法有用（以及哪些沒用）。為分析這個問題，我們和頂尖稅務(wù)專家進(jìn)行了溝通，目的是找到大家現(xiàn)在就能實(shí)施的策略，而且它們很可能在明年4月帶來高額紅利。

回歸REITs

合伙公司、有限合伙企業(yè)和個人獨(dú)資公司等傳遞實(shí)體是稅制調(diào)整的大贏家。如果滿足一定要求，它們在報稅時就可以抵扣20%的利潤。資產(chǎn)管理公司Savant Capital Management的一名財(cái)務(wù)顧問卡爾·布朗說：“它為小公司而設(shè)，但也適用于結(jié)構(gòu)恰當(dāng)?shù)腞EITs（房地產(chǎn)投資信托基金）。”REITs設(shè)法降低稅負(fù)就意味著投資者有更多的利潤可分。

走本地化路線

2017年州和地方稅抵扣上限調(diào)整為1萬美元，這讓很多人受到了限制。有少在州里交稅的途徑嗎？在線財(cái)務(wù)咨詢機(jī)構(gòu)Betterment的稅務(wù)部門負(fù)責(zé)人埃里克·布龍寧坎特指出，可以把部分投資轉(zhuǎn)移到國債和你所在州的市政債券中，這有可能在州層面獲得減稅。由此節(jié)省下來的資金或許會超過收益率較高的應(yīng)稅債券給你帶來的額外利息收入。

要求支付傭金

會計(jì)師事務(wù)所Anchin Block & Anchin的一位合伙人保羅·格維爾茨曼說，就近幾年的情況而言，這聽起來像是一條瘋狂的建議，原因是客戶都在向基于手續(xù)費(fèi)的顧問靠攏。但在顧問手續(xù)費(fèi)不再抵稅的情況下，支付傭金或許是合理舉動。比如你的投資賺了10美元，而手續(xù)費(fèi)為2美元。格維爾茨曼指出：“如果他們把賺到的錢悉數(shù)給了你，而你[另外]支付顧問費(fèi)，那這筆費(fèi)用就要交稅。”但傭金是在交易過程中收取的，而且從你的收益中扣掉了，所以不用交稅。

去上學(xué)

2017年稅制調(diào)整后大為獲益的一個群體是學(xué)齡兒童的父母和祖父母，這要?dú)w功于529大學(xué)儲蓄計(jì)劃。在實(shí)施此項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的州，所得收益不交稅；當(dāng)你把其中的存款用于繳納學(xué)費(fèi)、宿舍費(fèi)、伙食費(fèi)和書本費(fèi)時，同樣無需納稅。雖然529大學(xué)儲蓄計(jì)劃的初衷是為高等教育存錢，但布朗認(rèn)為：“在新的稅法中，為上私立學(xué)校提款現(xiàn)在可以享受免稅待遇，從小學(xué)到高中都是這樣。”但要注意，贈與稅可能有起征點(diǎn)（目前為每年1.5萬美元）。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

本文另一版本登載于《財(cái)富》雜志2019年5月刊，題目為《無痛投資法——為下次做準(zhǔn)備》。

譯者：Charlie

審校：夏林

Tax Day has come and gone, along with appreciable amounts of your money. Given the huge changes enacted under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, tax pros were still trying to figure out what worked (and what didn’t) right up to the filing deadline. To decode the code, we talked to top tax experts to find strategies you can implement now—that just might pay big dividends next April.

Revisit REITs

Pass-through businesses like partnerships, LLPs, and sole proprietorships are the big tax-change winners. If they meet certain standards, they get to deduct 20% of their profits before calculating taxes. “It was intended for small businesses, but it also applies to REITs [real estate investment trusts] if they have the right structure,” says Cal Brown, a financial adviser with Savant Capital Management. With REITs looking at lower tax bills, that can mean more profit to divvy up among investors like you.

Go Local

Many have been hampered by the 2017 tax changes’ $10,000 limitations on state and local tax (SALT) deductions. One way to save on state taxes? Move some of your portfolio to Treasuries and municipal bonds issued in your state, which would be tax exempt at the state level, says Eric -Bronnenkant, head of tax at online financial adviser Betterment. The savings may outweigh the additional interest you’d earn on taxable higher-yield bonds.

Ask to Pay Commissions

In recent years, that advice would have sounded crazy, as clients gravitated toward fee-based advisers. However, with the deduction for adviser fees gone, paying commissions might make sense, says Paul Gevertzman, a partner at accounting firm Anchin Block & Anchin. Say that your investments earn $10, and you get charged $2 in fees. “If they pay you the whole amount, and you pay an advisory fee [separately], that fee is taxable,” Gevertzman says. But commissions charged as you trade, and deducted from the money you net, don’t get taxed.

Get Educated

One group that will benefit in a big way from the 2017 changes are parents and grandparents of school-age kids, thanks to an expansion of 529 plans. In these state plans, earnings aren’t taxable, and when you take money out to pay for such things as tuition, room, board, and textbooks, there’s no tax implication either. Though 529s were originally designed as higher-ed savings vehicles, “in the new tax law, tax-free withdrawals are now allowed for private school, from elementary through high school,” Brown says. But be aware, gift tax exclusions (now $15,000 a year) may apply.

A version of this article appears in the May 2019 issue of Fortune with the headline “Pain-Proof Your Portfolio—for Next Time.”