“股神”巴菲特可以說有史以來聲名最高也最受尊敬的一位投資人了。此外“股神”最為人稱道的，還有他平易近人的魅力，以及關(guān)于投資藝術(shù)的一些經(jīng)典名言。

一般說來，如果你想攀登一座山，那么沿著曾經(jīng)成功登頂?shù)娜说淖阚E走是最為保險的做法。如果你學(xué)習(xí)并應(yīng)用了巴菲特關(guān)于投資的以下建議，你投資成功的機(jī)率就會大大增加。

1.永遠(yuǎn)別賠錢

巴菲特有一條最經(jīng)典的投資建議：“規(guī)則一：永遠(yuǎn)別賠錢。規(guī)則二：永遠(yuǎn)別忘了規(guī)則一。”如果你的投資虧損了，那么連回本都尚且非常困難，就更別提盈利了。

2.以低價格買入高價值

在2008年伯克夏爾哈撒韋公司致股東的信中，巴菲特分享了另一條關(guān)鍵原則：“價格是你付出的東西，價值是你獲得的東西。”如果你付出的價格超過了你所獲得的價值，就有可能賠錢了——比方說，支付信用卡債的高息，或是花錢買一些很少使用的東西。

如果你真想獲得成功，不如像巴菲特一樣，過著豐足而不奢華的生活，集中精力尋找以低價格獲取高價值的機(jī)會。巴菲特曾寫道：“不管是買襪子還是買股票，我都喜歡買折價的優(yōu)質(zhì)商品。”

3.形成健康的理財習(xí)慣

在2007年佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)的一次演講中，巴菲特說道：“大多數(shù)行為是習(xí)慣性的，而人們常說，習(xí)慣的鏈條是如此之輕，以及至很難感覺到，直到它們已經(jīng)重得無法打破。”所以你要培養(yǎng)積極的理財習(xí)慣，而打破這些習(xí)慣則可能會損傷你的錢包。

4.避免債務(wù)，尤其是信用卡債務(wù)

巴菲特之所以積累了如此之多的財富，秘訣就在于讓利率為他服務(wù)，而不是像很多美國人一樣為利率服務(wù)。巴菲特在1991年美國圣母大學(xué)的一次演講中指出：“我見過很多人的失敗是由于酒精和杠桿——杠桿就是借錢。其實(shí)你在這個世界上并不需要多少杠桿。如果你是個聰明人，你不需要借錢也能賺很多錢。”

巴菲特對信用卡尤為警惕。他的建議是最好完全避免使用信用卡。他曾說過：“信用卡的利率是很高的，有時能達(dá)到18%甚至20%。如果我按18%到20%的利率借錢，那我就破產(chǎn)了。”

5.手頭上要有現(xiàn)金

確保財務(wù)安全的另一個關(guān)鍵，就是手頭上隨時要保持一定的現(xiàn)金儲備。巴菲特在2014年伯克夏爾哈撒韋公司的年報中表示：“我們總是保持至少200億美元的現(xiàn)金等價物，通常比這還要多得多。”

很多企業(yè)和個人恨不得把現(xiàn)金都拿來投資生錢。對此巴菲特表示：“現(xiàn)金對于企業(yè)來說，就像氧氣對于一個人的作用。有它的時候感受不到它的存在，沒它的時候就想起來了。在要付賬的時候，只有現(xiàn)金才是合法的硬通貨。千萬不要沒帶現(xiàn)金就出門。”

6.投資你自己

據(jù)Inc.com報道，巴菲特曾經(jīng)說過：“要盡可能地投資自己，你最重要的資產(chǎn)就是你自己。”他在接受CNBC采訪時也表示過類似的觀點(diǎn)：“你為提升自身才能和價值所做的任何事，都回以適當(dāng)?shù)膶?shí)際購買力為形式得到回報。”

而且這些回報也是巨大的。“不管你向自身投資了多少，你得到的回報都是乘十倍的。”而且不像其他資產(chǎn)和投資，“沒人能對它收稅，也沒人能偷走它。”

7.了解理財

投資自我的一個重要內(nèi)容就是了解如何管理金錢。作為一名投資人，巴菲特的一個重要工作就是限制風(fēng)險敞口，使風(fēng)險最小化。據(jù)《福布斯》雜志報道，巴菲特曾說過：“風(fēng)險來自于不知道你正在做什么。”你對個人理財了解得越多，你就越懂得削弱風(fēng)險，你的財務(wù)狀況也就越安全。

巴菲特的這句名言告訴我們，一定要積極學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)于個人理財?shù)闹R。就像巴菲特的合伙人查理·芒格所說的那樣：“當(dāng)晚睡覺時一定要比你當(dāng)天起床時更聰明些。”

8.相信低成本的指數(shù)基金

巴菲特的不少名言警句都富有哲學(xué)意涵，此外他也曾給出不過幾乎人人都能應(yīng)用的實(shí)用建議。比如巴菲特曾建議普通投資者應(yīng)該購買指數(shù)基金。

他在2013年寫給股東的一封信中建議道：“把10%的現(xiàn)金用來購買短期政府債券，90%用來購買成本很低的標(biāo)普500指數(shù)基金。”

巴菲特很多年都在堅持這一建議。他在2004年伯克夏爾哈撒韋公司的年會中也曾說過：“如果你投資了一支成本很低的指數(shù)基金——你不用把所有的錢一次性投進(jìn)去，而是平均到10年的時間里，那么你的投資收益就會比90%的與你同時進(jìn)行投資的人都高。”

9.回饋社會

據(jù)《福布斯》雜志報道，巴菲特曾經(jīng)說過：“如果你屬于人類最幸運(yùn)的1%，你就理應(yīng)考慮人類社會其余的99%。”作為這1%里的佼佼者，巴菲特在花錢做慈善方面向來說到做到。

比如他與比爾·蓋茨共同發(fā)起的“捐贈誓言”倡議，就吸引了100多位億萬富翁的參與，他們計劃在有生之年將至少一半的財產(chǎn)捐獻(xiàn)給社會。雖然你可能不是一位億萬富翁，但你也可以通過回饋社會來豐富你的人生。

10.把理財視作一場長期的游戲

巴菲特曾說過：“有人之所以能坐在樹蔭下乘涼，是因?yàn)橛腥撕芫靡郧霸韵铝艘豢脴洹！比绻悻F(xiàn)在就栽下理財?shù)姆N子，就能在以后的人生中享受到蔭涼。這種蔭涼可能包括不必償還債務(wù)、安祥的晚年生活，以及有能力支付子女的大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)等等。

這種長期的金錢觀正是巴菲特投資決策的精髓所在。在2014年致股東的信中，巴菲特表示，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)“放眼幾十年進(jìn)行投資……他們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該是如何在整個投資生涯中使購買力得到顯著提升。”他建設(shè)投資者不要過于關(guān)注股市動蕩或經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的時期。

建立真正的財富和財務(wù)安全是需要時間的，在這個過程中，你可能會遇到很多挑戰(zhàn)。只要你將理財當(dāng)作一生的事業(yè)，那么就算一時遇到挫折，你也能夠始終保持正軌。這樣你才能擁有一個堅實(shí)持久的財務(wù)基礎(chǔ)。（財富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：樸成奎

Warren Buffett is arguably the best-known, most respected investor of all time. Buffett is also known for his folksy charm, and his memorable quotes about the art of investing.

When you're aiming to reach the top of the mountain, it's usually wise to closely follow the footprints of those who have successfully made the climb before you. Your odds of investing success can increase exponentially if you learn and apply Buffett's best investing tips.

1. Never Lose Money

One of the most popular pieces of Buffett advice is as follows: "Rule No. 1: Never lose money. Rule No. 2: Never forget rule No. 1." If you're working from a loss, it's that much harder to get back to where you started, let alone to earn gains.

2. Get High Value at a Low Price

In the 2008 Berkshire Hathaway shareholder letter, Buffett shared another key principle: "Price is what you pay; value is what you get." Losing money can happen when you pay a price that doesn't match the value you get — such as when you pay high interest on credit card debt or spend on items you'll rarely use.

Instead, live modestly like Buffett by looking for opportunities to get more value at a lower price. "Whether we're talking about socks or stocks, I like buying quality merchandise when it is marked down," Buffett wrote.

3. Form Healthy Money Habits

In a 2007 address at the University of Florida, Buffett said, "Most behavior is habitual, and they say that the chains of habit are too light to be felt until they are too heavy to be broken." Work on building positive money habits, and breaking those that hurt your wallet.

4. Avoid Debt, Especially Credit Card Debt

Buffett built his wealth by getting interest to work for him — instead of working to pay interest, as many Americans do. "I've seen more people fail because of liquor and leverage — leverage being borrowed money," Buffett said in a 1991 speech at the University of Notre Dame. "You really don't need leverage in this world much. If you're smart, you're going to make a lot of money without borrowing."

Buffett is especially wary of credit cards. His advice is to avoid them altogether. "Interest rates are very high on credit cards," Buffett once said. "Sometimes they are 18 percent. Sometimes they are 20 percent. If I borrowed money at 18 or 20 percent, I'd be broke.

5. Keep Cash On Hand

Another key to ensuring security is to always keep cash reserves on hand. "We always maintain at least $20 billion — and usually far more — in cash equivalents," Buffett said in the 2014 Berkshire Hathaway annual report.

Businesses and individuals alike might get an itch to put liquid cash to work through investments. "Cash, though, is to a business as oxygen is to an individual: never thought about when it is present, the only thing in mind when it is absent," Buffett said. "When bills come due, only cash is legal tender. Don't leave home without it."

6. Invest in Yourself

According to Inc.com, Buffett said, "Invest in as much of yourself as you can. You are your own biggest asset by far." He echoed those sentiments in a CNBC interview when he said, "Anything you do to improve your own talents and make yourself more valuable will get paid off in terms of appropriate real purchasing power."

Those returns are big, too. "Anything you invest in yourself, you get back tenfold," Buffett said. And unlike other assets and investments, "nobody can tax it away; they can't steal it from you."

7. Learn About Money

Part of investing in yourself should be learning more about managing money. As an investor, much of Buffett's job consists of limiting exposure and minimizing risk. And "risk comes from not knowing what you're doing," Buffett once said, according to Forbes. The more you know about personal finance, the more security you'll have as you minimize risks.

The lesson from this Buffett quote is to actively educate yourself about personal finance. As Charlie Munger — Buffett's partner — put it, "Go to bed smarter than when you woke up."

8. Trust a Low-Cost Index Fund for Your Portfolio

While much of Buffett's wisdom and advice borders on the philosophical, he has also provided some actionable tips that nearly anyone can apply. For instance, Buffett urges the average investor to purchase index funds.

"Put 10 percent of the cash in short-term government bonds and 90 percent in a very low-cost S&P 500 index fund," he wrote in his 2013 letter to Berkshire Hathaway shareholders.

Buffett has given this advice for years. "If you invested in a very low-cost index fund — where you don't put the money in at one time, but average in over 10 years — you'll do better than 90 percent of people who start investing at the same time," Buffett said at the 2004 Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting.

9. Give Back

According to Forbes, Buffett once said, "If you're in the luckiest 1 percent of humanity, you owe it to the rest of humanity to think about the other 99 percent." And as a top member of that 1 percent himself, Buffett makes it a point to put his money where his mouth is.

Along with Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, Buffett is a founder of The Giving Pledge, which is a promise made by more than 100 billionaires to give their fortunes away. While you might not be a billionaire, you can still enrich your life by giving back.

10. View Money as a Long-Term Game

Buffett once said, "Someone's sitting in the shade today because someone planted a tree a long time ago." And it's true. Planting and nurturing the seeds of financial success now will lead to shade to enjoy later in life. That shade might include freedom from debts, a secure retirement or the ability to cover the cost of college for your children.

Such a long-term view of money is central to Buffett's investing decisions. In his 2014 letter to shareholders, he said people should "invest with a multi-decade horizon … Their focus should remain fixed on attaining significant gains in purchasing power over their investing lifetime." He urged investors not to focus on moments of stock market volatility or economic crisis.

Building true wealth and financial security takes time, and you'll likely encounter financial challenges along the way. But viewing your finances as a lifelong endeavor can help you stay on course despite hardships. That gives you a financial foundation that will last.