????今年早些時候，在調查中國富豪方面最有發言權的胡潤百富公司（Hurun Report）宣布，它所調查的中國富豪中有超過60%的人已經移民到其他國家，或者正在考慮移民。

????胡潤百富公司每年都會公布中國富豪排行榜，它所面臨的問題就是要探尋上述現象背后的答案。究竟是環境污染、對于中國政治高壓的厭倦還是完全由于其它方面的因素驅使富人們要離開中國呢？

????其實，這些問題也在困擾著胡潤百富公司的創始人胡潤。他猜測可能性最大的原因是，環境污染和希望把部分資產配置在海外的想法正在驅使中國有錢人移民到美國、加拿大和澳大利亞這三個中國移民首選的目的國。

????但為了找到確切答案，胡潤展開了一項跟蹤調查，此項調查的結果將于今天公布，《財富》亦獲得了這份調查結果的獨家預覽版。胡潤百富公司聯合匯加顧問集團（Visas Consulting Group）向141位中國富豪征詢了一系列關于移民和財富轉移目的地的問題。研究人員發現，主要有三大因素驅使富豪們移民國外，且每個因素在答復響應中都占據了20%的比重。

????富人們離開中國是因為他們希望子女能夠接受更好教育；困擾著很多中國城市且日益嚴重的污染問題讓他們苦惱不已；他們也對中國的食品安全問題感到憂心忡忡，新近爆發的食品安全恐慌甚至涉及遭到污染的寵物狗零食。

????胡潤說：“在針對個體的調查過程中，這些問題都是他們所反復提及的。”

????也許最令人驚訝的是，在那些正在移民或正考慮移民的富豪中，有三分之二的人也正在考慮放棄自己的中國國籍。

????正如我在三月份的一篇文章中所寫到的，就像北京正在擺脫冬季霧霾的籠罩一樣，那些有能力避開中國環境污染和食品安全恐慌的人們也在做著相同的事情。中國政府對這個問題感到頗為棘手，因為有專家推斷，中國的空氣質量出現顯著改善至少需要十年時間，而解決食品安全或教育體制問題更不知要等到何年何月。

????胡潤的這份調查報告還得出了其它一些有意思的結論。中國富豪海外投資占總資產的平均比重為16%。房地產是最受歡迎的投資選擇，作為移民首選國家的美國在受青睞程度上遠遠超出了其它國家。洛杉磯成為了最受歡迎的海外置業城市，緊隨其后的是舊金山和紐約。溫哥華在最受歡迎的移民城市中排在第三位。獨立別墅是中國富豪移民們最偏愛的住宅類型，其次是公寓和連棟別墅。

????所有被調查對象的資產價值都超過了100萬美元，平均財富價值達到了700萬美元。

????中國富豪們的首選移民目的地如下圖所示（從上至下依次為美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、歐洲、新西蘭、新加坡、香港和日本）：

????Earlier this year, the best company at surveying the rich in China announced that more than 60% of the people it surveyed had already immigrated to another country, or were considering doing so.

????The question for the Hurun Report, which publishes an annual China rich list, was why? Was pollution driving people abroad, weariness over China’s political crackdowns, or something else entirely?

????It turns out the questions also nagged Rupert Hoogewerf, founder of Hurun. At the time, his best guess was that pollution and the desire to park some assets abroad were driving rich Chinese to the United States, Canada, and Australia—the top three destinations for those leaving China.

????But to find out for sure, he conducted a follow-up survey that is being released today, and Fortune got exclusive early access. Hurun teamed with Visas Consulting Group to ask 141 wealthy Chinese questions about emigration and where they’re moving their money. The researchers discovered that three factors drove emigration from China, with each factor accounting for 20% of the responses:

????People moved because they wanted better options for their children’s education; they were distressed about the growing pollution problems plaguing China’s cities; and they were concerned about food safety in the country, which in the latest scare involved tainted dog treats.

????“Again and again, when talking to people on an individual basis, those are the issues they raise,” says Hoogewerf.

????Maybe most surprising, two-thirds of those emigrating, or considering doing so, are also considering giving up their Chinese nationality.

????As I wrote in March, just as Beijing was coming out of the throes of a smoggy winter, those who can avoid China’s pollution and food scares are doing so. It’s troublesome for the Chinese government because experts conclude that big improvements to the air remain at least a decade away, not to say anything about China’s food safety or its education system.

????The Hurun survey produced other interesting results. As a percentage of their total wealth, rich Chinese invest on average 16% abroad. The most popular investment choice is real estate and the U.S. is the overwhelming favorite destination. Los Angeles ranks as the most popular city to buy real estate, followed by San Francisco and New York. Vancouver ranked as the third most popular city. Detached villas were the preferred type of housing, followed by apartments and townhouses.

????Those surveyed all had assets worth more than $1 million and on average were worth $7 million.

????The top destinations for rich emigrating from China are as follows:

????在任何國家，最富有的公民肯定也是流動性最強的公民，因此中國富人們的“出逃”其實沒什么好驚奇的。但不同于富有的美國人為了避稅而逃離本國，中國的有錢人是為了滿足潔凈的空氣、干凈的食物和良好的教育這些基本需求而選擇離開。如果中國政府無法解決這些問題，中國富豪們的逃離風潮就不會停止。（財富中文網）

????譯者：徐黃兆

????The wealthiest citizens in any country are the most mobile, so the flight of wealthy Chinese isn’t in itself a surprise. But unlike rich Americans fleeing their home country to avoid taxes, the Chinese are leaving because of basic desires—clean air, clean food, good schools. If China’s government doesn’t improve these, the flight of China’s wealthiest residents won’t stop.