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倫敦能保住全球金融中心的地位嗎?

倫敦能保住全球金融中心的地位嗎?

Katherine Ryder 2011-12-20
無(wú)論愛(ài)也好,恨也罷,英國(guó)首相卡梅倫為保護(hù)本國(guó)銀行系統(tǒng)而脫離歐盟的決定已經(jīng)使倫敦重新成為國(guó)際關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。卡梅倫的目的很明確:在歐元區(qū)爆發(fā)債務(wù)危機(jī)之際,英國(guó)最大的挑戰(zhàn)就是確保倫敦金融業(yè)的盈利能力不受波及。但眼下,德國(guó)總理默克爾和法國(guó)總統(tǒng)薩科齊正面臨著壓力,需要彌合分歧,拯救歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)。在這個(gè)節(jié)骨眼上尋求特殊待遇,顯然稱不上精明的政治舉措。

????在倫敦,銀行家無(wú)處不在,至少現(xiàn)在如此。

????他們住在英國(guó)的華爾街——“金融城(The City)”。圣保羅大教堂(St. Paul's Cathedral)四周狹窄的街道兩旁云集著眾多銀行和資產(chǎn)管理公司,高檔餐廳亦隨處可見(jiàn)。金融機(jī)構(gòu)還接管了金絲雀碼頭(Canary Wharf)。這個(gè)地方由地下商場(chǎng)、巨大的摩天大樓和大片空置的人行道組成的飛地與英國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)格迥然不同。甚至連上流社區(qū)梅菲爾(以擁有倫敦最好的餐廳和私人會(huì)所而著稱)的大塊區(qū)域,也成為了金融家們的領(lǐng)地。對(duì)沖基金經(jīng)理已經(jīng)成為那些優(yōu)雅的、已有300多年歷史聯(lián)排別墅的新主人。

????英國(guó)首相卡梅倫上周四抵達(dá)布魯塞爾的歐盟峰會(huì)時(shí),他帶去的要求是,保護(hù)倫敦這三塊區(qū)域免受歐盟監(jiān)管。為什么不呢?金融是英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的基石之一。在國(guó)家層面上,金融服務(wù)業(yè)為英國(guó)貢獻(xiàn)了約10%的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)低迷,英國(guó)現(xiàn)在比以往任何時(shí)候都需要任何一個(gè)可供其支配的杠桿。

????即便卡梅倫的目標(biāo)是健全的,他的手法也有失策之處。眼下,德國(guó)總理默克爾和法國(guó)總統(tǒng)薩科齊正面臨著壓力,需要彌合分歧,拯救歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)。在這個(gè)節(jié)骨眼上尋求特殊待遇,顯然稱不上精明的政治舉措。當(dāng)天那個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的夜晚快要過(guò)去的時(shí)候,其余26個(gè)歐盟成員國(guó)終于就締結(jié)政府間的“財(cái)政契約(Fiscal Compact)”達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn),而卡梅倫則孤零零地獨(dú)坐在一旁。

????現(xiàn)在,就卡梅倫“孤立”(套用一下政客們的用語(yǔ))英國(guó)的舉動(dòng)是否正確這一問(wèn)題,倫敦爆發(fā)了一場(chǎng)激烈的爭(zhēng)辯。反歐洲的保守派支持者認(rèn)為卡梅倫否決該契約是“丘吉爾時(shí)刻”的再現(xiàn)。而批評(píng)者則把他比作二戰(zhàn)(World War II)期間試圖與希特勒談判的英國(guó)首相張伯倫。

????In London, bankers are everywhere -- at least for now.

????They are in the "The City," the English answer to Wall Street. Banks and asset managers line narrow streets surrounding St. Paul's Cathedral, with upscale fast-food lunch places around every corner. They have colonized Canary Wharf, a distinctly un-British enclave composed of underground malls, enormous skyscrapers, and large empty swaths of pavement. They have even taken over much of Mayfair, near London's best restaurants and private clubs, where hedge funds now house themselves in charming three-hundred-year-old row houses.

????When British Prime Minister David Cameron arrived in Brussels last Thursday for the EU Summit, the demands he brought were to protect these three pockets of London from European regulation. And why not? Finance is one of the bedrocks of the British economy. On a national level, financial services contribute an estimated 10% to British GDP. And with the economy in doldrums, now more than ever, the U.K. needs every lever at its disposal.

????Even if Cameron's goal was sound, his tactics weren't, well, tactical. Asking for special treatment when German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Nicolas Sarkozy were under pressure to find common ground and essentially save the European economy was less than politically astute. By the end of a long night, Cameron sat alone while the remaining 26 EU members agreed to move together towards a "fiscal compact."

????A great debate has now erupted in London over whether Cameron made the right move to "isolate" Britain, in the parlance of his fellow politicians. Cameron's anti-European conservative supporters called his veto a Churchillian moment. His critics compared him to Neville Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister who wanted to negotiate with Hitler during World War II.

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