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專欄 - 蘋果2_0

富士康工廠爆炸對蘋果意味著什么

Philip Elmer-DeWitt 2011年05月24日

蘋果(Apple)公司內部流傳著一個老笑話,那就是史蒂夫·喬布斯周圍是一片“現實扭曲力場”:你離他太近的話,就會相信他所說的話。蘋果的數百萬用戶中已經有不少成了該公司的“信徒”,而很多蘋果投資者也賺得盆滿缽滿。不過,Elmer-DeWitt認為,在報道蘋果公司時有點懷疑精神不是壞事。聽他的應該沒錯。要知道,他自從1982年就開始報道蘋果、觀察史蒂夫·喬布斯經營該公司。
且聽一位分析師概述此案可能對蘋果公司造成的兩種經濟影響:嚴重情境和次嚴重情境。

工人們逃出成都富士康工廠的火場。來源:micgadget.com

????上周五,加皇資本市場(RBC capital)的邁克?阿布拉姆斯基率先就富士康(Foxconn)成都工廠爆炸一事對蘋果公司(Apple)的影響向客戶發出報告。

????阿布拉姆斯基認為,成都工廠是iPad 2的兩個主要生產基地之一,另一個是富士康原先的深圳工廠。但他的消息人士對這兩家工廠的相對重要性有不同看法。有些人相信大部分iPad是在成都生產,而其他人表示之前成都已遇到增產問題,大部分iPad仍在深圳生產。

????據此,他相應地給出了兩種情境(以下是我的引用):

????1) 業務影響嚴重。這種情境假定成都工廠生產大部分iPad,此次爆炸影響嚴重;換言之,蘋果無法通過其他生產基地彌補產量,6月底前無法恢復量產。如果是這樣的情況,對蘋果公司截至6月份的第三財季將產生負面影響;成都工廠停產至6月底,可能相當于第三財季損失180-280萬臺iPad產量,占我們預期的第三財季iPad 總800萬臺發貨量的22-36%。如果到6月底富士康無法恢復正常生產,也可能導致2011財年第四財季(截至9月份)出現產量缺口。在這種情境下,第三財季受影響的營收可能為11-17億美元(4-7%),受影響每股收益將為0.35-0.55美元(6-9%),以當前估值,這意味著蘋果股價有5-7美元的下跌空間。

????2) 業務影響不那么嚴重。這種情境假定大部分iPad仍由深圳生產,未受影響,或是富士康成都工廠能很快恢復iPad生產。估計只有1個月的產量受影響,可能相當于第三財季減產量不到130萬臺,對第四財季影響有限。在這種情境下,受影響營收將不到8億美元(<3%),受影響每股收益不到0.26美元 (<4%),以當前估值計,這意味著蘋果股價下行空間不到3美元。

????上周五蘋果股價僅下跌1%,在阿布拉姆斯看來這說明投資者在消化情境2。(當日,蘋果收盤再跌0.5%,報335.22美元。)

????RBC capital's Mike Abramsky was the first analyst out of the gate Friday with a note to clients assessing the effect on Apple (AAPL) of the explosion at Foxconn's Chengdu plant.

????According to Abramsky, the plant is one of two primary manufacturing sites where the iPad 2 is produced, the other being Foxconn's original Shenzhen facility. His sources disagree, however, about the two plants' relative importance. Some believe the majority of iPads were being manufactured at Chengdu; others say that Chengdu was having trouble ramping up, and that the majority of iPads were still being manufactured in Shenzhen.

????Accordingly, he offers two scenarios: (I quote)

????1) Serious Business Impact.Under this scenario, Chengdu manufactures most iPads and the explosion is serious; i.e. Apple is unable to utilize alternatives or get back on stream by June. If so, it could be negative for Apple's Q3 (June); stoppage of Chengdu until end June may equate to the lost production of 1.8-2.8M units Q3, which is 22-36% of our expectations for 8M iPad shipments Q3. If Foxconn is unable to pick up the slack by June, it could also cause production shortages for Q4/F11 (end Sept). Under this scenario, Q3 revenue may be impacted by $1.1-1.7B (4-7%) and EPS $0.35-0.55 (6-9%), which at current valuation represents $5-7 downside to shares.

????2) Less Serious Business Impact.Under this scenario, either Shenzhen still makes most iPads and is unaffected, and/or Foxconn is able to re-start iPad production quickly at Chengdu. Estimating a 1 month production impact, would perhaps equate to <1.3M units Q3 with limited impact to Q4. Under this scenario, revenue would be impacted by <$800M (<3%) and EPS <$0.26 (<4%) which at current valuation represents less than $3 downside to shares.

????The fact that Apple's shares dropped only 1% on Friday suggests to Abramsky that investors are pricing in scenario 1. (Apple fell another 0.5% to close the day at $335.22.)

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