攝影師

????多蘿西亞?蘭格、安妮?萊博維茨和辛迪?雪曼都是藝術(shù)愛(ài)好者中間家喻戶曉的名字。然而，雖然在本世紀(jì)初有過(guò)女性成為偉大的攝影師，但攝影行業(yè)一直都是男性占主導(dǎo)。1983年，女性攝影師僅占到20%。

????如今，據(jù)2012年勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局的報(bào)告顯示，攝影師職業(yè)已經(jīng)達(dá)到性別平衡。然而，數(shù)量上的平衡并沒(méi)有帶動(dòng)薪酬的變化。據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家藝術(shù)基金（National Endowment for the Arts）2008年公布的一份報(bào)告顯示，截至2005年，男性攝影師的平均收入為35,000美元。而女性攝影師的收入則還不足男性的一半，僅有16,300美元。

調(diào)酒師

????二戰(zhàn)期間，男人要上戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)打仗，于是女性開(kāi)始進(jìn)入許多行業(yè)。調(diào)酒師便是其中之一。但當(dāng)士兵們凱旋歸來(lái)之后，他們又希望重操舊業(yè)，還成功說(shuō)服個(gè)別州制定法律，禁止女性在酒吧從業(yè)。事實(shí)上，1971年，加州禁止女性調(diào)酒師的法律就已經(jīng)被廢除。據(jù)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局統(tǒng)計(jì)，截至1983年，約一半調(diào)酒師為女性。

????目前，雖然酒店業(yè)仍然以男性為主，但全美酒吧招待中女性的數(shù)量卻要多于男性。勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局2012年的報(bào)告稱，約60%的美國(guó)調(diào)酒師是女性。而隨著雞尾酒的出現(xiàn)和現(xiàn)代調(diào)酒運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展，調(diào)酒師這個(gè)職業(yè)的技術(shù)含量也越來(lái)越高。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

????譯者：劉進(jìn)龍/汪皓

Photographers

????Dorothea Lange, Annie Leibovitz, and Cindy Sherman are household names to the art-friendly. But while women have trained as great photographers since the turn of the 20th century, photography has been a predominately male profession. In 1983, only 20% of photographers were women.

????Today, the gender balance in the job is about 50/50, according to a 2012 Bureau of Labor Statistics report. That 50/50 split does not extend to pay, though. According to a report released in 2008 by the National Endowment for the Arts, the median income for male photographers, as of 2005, was $35,000. The median income for female photographers was less than half as much, $16,300.

Bartenders

????Bartending was among the many professions that women took on when men were drafted to fight in World War II. Upon returning home, however, soldiers wanted their old jobs back, and they successfully lobbied for laws in several states that banned women from tending bar. In fact, California's law prohibiting female bartenders was only repealed in 1971. As of 1983, almost half of all bartenders were female, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

????Today, while the restaurant industry is male-dominated, there are more female barkeeps than men, nationwide. About 60% of American bartenders are women, according to a 2012 Bureau of Labor Statistics report. The trade, overall, is becoming increasingly technical, thanks to the rise of the cocktail and the modern mixology movement.