????解決方案：更全面地想一想是否事情真的緊急。分批處理電郵。使用要點和主題來厘清信息，在發送之前審讀電郵。保持簡短讓人不至于遺漏一些信息。“如果我需要拖滾動條才能讀完，那你的電郵就太長了，”全球獵頭公司Adecco集團的副總裁戴維?亞當斯說。相反，“先真正地對話，然后再用電郵來總結你的討論。”

????神出鬼沒的偽裝大師

????當你想聯系這個變化多端的家伙時，你不知道該用哪個電郵賬號，或者他會用短信、即時信息還是電郵聯系你。如果你從電郵開始對話，他會改用即時信息，最后又以短信結束。

????問題：在職場，人不能難以捉摸。你的聯系人必須知道如何找到你。轉換通訊方式一次還行，比方說在離開辦公室沒法查電郵時，可以發送緊急短信。但毫無必要的換過來換過去只會讓人迷惑，同事也很難察看完整的對話。

????解決方案：直接了當地詢問聯系偏好和方式。除了上述的緊急情況，都堅持用同一個聯系方式。作為一個工作團隊，你們也可以制定一些通訊協定，比如設定即時信息的狀態：有空、沒空、暫時離開。哈佛的萊斯莉佩羅曾經通過簡單的通訊約定來幫助團隊提升工作效率和滿意度。比如，團隊可以約定在晚上6點之后避免發送和回復電郵，或者每天安排一段不受打擾的工作時間。

????濫用抄送的電郵狂人

????電郵一創造出來，就有人開始濫用抄送欄，于是全世界的收件箱都開始堵塞。

????問題：防止電郵濫發的最好方法就是審慎地發送。如果發送給不必要的人，你就會收到不必要的回復，形成滾雪球的效應。此外，有人會對過度廣泛的發送有意見。比如，你不必要地抄送給上司，無意中就傳達了不信任同事的信息。“最佳實踐的第一條就是，決定‘這封電郵是給誰的？’，”亞當斯說。“單那么想一想就能減少電郵的數量。”

????解決方案：只有人們確實需要了解對話的進展時才抄送他們。對于其他人，只需要在當面談話或者每周更新時總結一下即可。

????遵循下面這些規則就好：

????1．為需要發送的信息挑選合適的通訊方式。短信和即時信息用于簡短和緊急的信息，電郵可以長一些。如果是復雜或可能帶有個人感情色彩的，那就拿起電話吧。

????2．只讓必要的人員接收信息、參加電話會議和開會。

????3．整合通訊，使用清楚明白的電郵主題。

????4．發送前再想一想。

????5．尊重他人的時間和優先考慮。

????The solution: Gain a little perspective on whether the matter is truly urgent. Batch emails. Use bullet points and the subject line to give your message some additional clarity, and proofread your emails before sending. Keep it short so that people don't miss part of your message. "If I have to scroll down to read it, this should never have been an email," says David Adams, a vice president with Adecco Group, a global staffing firm says. Instead, "have a live conversation and use the email to summarize what you discussed."

????The master of disguise

????When you want to get in touch with this shifty character, you never know which email account is best to try, or whether you'll hear from him via text, instant message, or email. Perhaps you start a conversation on email, he continues it via IM, and concludes it with a text.

????The problem: You don't want to be enigmatic in the workplace. Your contacts need to know how to reach you. It's okay to switch communications methods once, such as sending an urgent text when you leave the office and don't have easy email access. But going back and forth unnecessarily is just confusing, and makes it hard for your colleagues to review the entire thread of a conversation.

????The solution: Ask people upfront about their contact preferences and methods. Then stick to that plan, aside from the aforementioned emergencies. You might even decide as a work group on certain communications protocols, such as setting instant message status to available, unavailable, or back soon. Harvard's Leslie Perlow has helped teams boost productivity and satisfaction through simple agreements around communication. For instance, a team may agree to avoid sending or answering email after 6 p.m. at night or to designate daily blocks of time for uninterrupted work.

????The cc: abuser

????Almost as soon as email was invented, someone began overusing the cc: field. And email inboxes around the world began to clog.

????The problem: The best way to reduce email clutter is judicious sending. If you send email to more people than necessary, you're likely to receive unnecessary responses, creating a snowball effect. Moreover, some people may take offense at an overly broad distribution. For instance, if you cc: a superior unnecessarily it can inadvertently send a message of distrust. "The number one best practice is to decide, 'Who is the email for?'" Adams says. "That thought process alone will reduce the amount of emails."

????The solution: Only include people on emails if they truly need to follow the tick-tock of the conversation. For others, you can summarize in an in-person conversation or weekly update.

????Follow these rules and you'll be fine:

????1. Pick the right medium for your message. Text or IM something short and urgent. Email a longer message. Pick up the telephone for anything complex or potentially emotional.

????2. Only include people who truly are needed in a message, conference call or meeting.

????3. Consolidate your communications and use clear email subject lines.

????4. Think before you hit send.

????5. Be respectful of others' time and priorities.