????兼職一直是美國職場文化的一部分，雖然很多管理者都不鼓勵這種生活方式。美國勞工統(tǒng)計局（Bureau of Labor Statistics）的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，只有約5%的員工公開宣稱打兩份工。無論是出于法律責(zé)任、還是生產(chǎn)率考慮，一些公司有禁止超時工作的政策。一周總共168個小時，一些時間花在了第二份工作或自家業(yè)務(wù)上了，就沒空為本職工作琢磨新想法了。

????但科技和工作方式的轉(zhuǎn)變正在促使一些人重新思考這個問題。有些兼職可能還有益于你的本職工作，聰明的公司會接納（而非打壓）創(chuàng)業(yè)熱情。

????談到“第二份工作”，人們想到的往往是第一份工作忙了一天，下班后再坐車趕往第二處工作地，但風(fēng)險投資家、考夫曼基金會（Kauffman Foundation）的資深專家保羅?科得羅斯基表示，如今“我根本不需要挪地方”。像Etsy（手工藝品在線銷售市場）、eBay、Zazzle（兜售設(shè)計創(chuàng)意的網(wǎng)站）、Quirky（制成品的群測網(wǎng)站）等平臺允許人們在自家的電腦上就可以進(jìn)行創(chuàng)意工作。

????博客能有廣告收入，有一技之長者能教授虛擬課程。從雇主角度，一個人坐在電腦前直到晚上兩點(diǎn)和看電視看到晚上兩點(diǎn)，沒有什么本質(zhì)區(qū)別——管理者可不能禁止員工在家看電視。這些被科得羅斯基稱為“點(diǎn)滴創(chuàng)業(yè)”的兼職行為所引發(fā)的擔(dān)憂不應(yīng)超過業(yè)余愛好。確實(shí)，當(dāng)代兼職往往涉及一些曾經(jīng)的業(yè)余愛好。

????白天，馬丁?考迪是一家醫(yī)療軟件公司的銷售副總裁。晚上（以及清晨和周末），他是Cellar Angels的總裁。Cellar Angels運(yùn)用Groupon式模式，從小型酒廠獲得葡萄酒會員折扣，同時為合作慈善機(jī)構(gòu)提供捆綁捐贈。他和妻子在芝加哥還有一間葡萄酒零售店。由于考迪所在的時區(qū)比加州的合作酒廠早兩個小時，下午5點(diǎn)到晚上7點(diǎn)他可以在Cellar Angels工作，不會影響到早上8點(diǎn)到下午5點(diǎn)的本職工作。雖然每周工作70-80個小時有些長，但他說，他們夫妻現(xiàn)在沒有孩子，他們可以利用其它人帶孩子去練足球的時間進(jìn)行創(chuàng)業(yè)。而且他也不看體育頻道，不看橄欖球比賽,他寧可花點(diǎn)時間想想葡萄酒。

????Moonlighting has always been part of American work culture, though it's not a lifestyle many managers have encouraged. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, only about 5% of workers officially hold more than one job. Some organizations have policies against extra hours work, both for liability and productivity reasons. There are 168 hours in a week, and time you're spending at a second job or on your own side business is time you're not dreaming up new ideas for your employer.

????But changes in technology and the way people work are leading some to rethink this idea. Certain kinds of moonlighting may actually help you in your main job, and wise organizations can embrace, rather than squelch, entrepreneurial zeal.

????The key insight is that while the term "second job" conjures up an image of commuting to a second site after a long day at the first, these days "I don't have to move my atoms around," says Paul Kedrosky, a venture capitalist and senior fellow at the Kauffman Foundation. Platforms like Etsy (where people sell crafts), eBay (EBAY), Zazzle (where people hawk designs) or Quirky (a crowd-testing site for manufactured products) allow people to do creative work from their home computers.

????Bloggers can make money from ads and people with special expertise can teach virtual courses. There's no real difference from an employer's perspective between someone sitting in front of a computer until 2 a.m. and a television until 2 a.m. -- which managers have never been able to ban. These side businesses, which Kedrosky calls "fractional entrepreneurship," should be of "no more concern than having hobbies." Indeed, modern moonlighting often involves things that might once have been hobbies.

????By day, Martin Cody is a vice president of sales at a medical software company. By night (and early mornings and weekends), he's the president of a business called Cellar Angels, which uses a Groupon-type model to get members discounts on wines from small wineries while bundling donations for partner charities. He and his wife also own a retail wine store in Chicago. Because he's two hours ahead of his partner wineries in California, he can work on Cellar Angels from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. while preserving the hours of 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. predominantly for his day job. While the combined 70 or 80-hour workweeks are long, he notes that he and his wife don't have children, so they can work on their side venture during the time that other people are carting kids to soccer practice. And plus, "I don't watch 'SportsCenter.' I don't watch football games," he says. He'd rather be thinking about wine.

????Some people even find that a second gig offers synergies with the first. Beth Henary Watson is the executive director of the Mineral Wells Area Chamber of Commerce in Texas. She and her husband recently bought a hair salon called All Star Clips in Weatherford, Texas. In her day job, she advises small businesses on problem solving and growing profits. Now that she owns a small business for the first time, her advice has real world experience behind it. One example: Watson knows that most of the All Star Clips clients are male. "Clearly that's who we should be trying to reach more of. I use this knowledge acquired first-hand to tell our chamber members that they should target, target, target, and ignore, politely, everyone else."