本周一，美國總統特朗普向國會遞交了他的“建設更好的美國”2020財年預算案。

根據特朗普的方案，2020財年，美國的財政預算將達到創紀錄的4.75萬億美元。那么這份預算案都包含了哪些新內容？

增支項目

軍事支出是預算增幅最大的領域之一。特朗普要求，到2020財年，美國的軍費支出要達到7500億美元，增幅近5%，甚至超過了五角大樓的要求。

特朗普還要求為美墨邊境墻建設額外撥款。雖然國會早先已經拒絕了特朗普撥款57億美元修建邊境墻的要求，但在2020財年的預算案中，特朗普再次要求國會撥款86億美元“修長城”。

除了軍事和安全領域的開支，特朗普還在預算案中要求國會專門撥款用于打擊阿片類藥物濫用，并提議把退伍老兵的醫療支出提高10%，將基礎設施支出增加2000億美元，以及撥款降低處方藥品成本。同時，特朗普也要求加大資源投入，以擴大教育的擇校權，比如通過減扣聯邦稅等形式給予激勵。

減支項目

這份預算案中的減支項目則更引人關注，很可能影響包括教育和環保在內的多個領域，涉及的預算項目總額達2.7萬億美元。

該預算案建議將非國防類聯邦機構的開支削減5%。其中擬對醫療救助（Medicaid）計劃等醫保項目減支1.9萬億美元。特朗普還對醫療救助的受助人提出了新的要求，并建議將更多權力下放至各州。對聯邦醫保（Medicare）項目，特朗普也呼吁減支8450億美元。

同時被削減預算的還有美國環保署、國務院、交通部和內政部，預計美國的對外援助、聯邦雇員退休福利和清潔能源等都將受到一定影響。

美國離收支平衡還有多遠

雖然特朗普提議對多個國內項目進行減支，但即便根據他的預算方案，美國政府在15年內依然做不到收支平衡。特朗普2016年競選時曾經承諾，要在8年內償清國家債務，前不久特朗普還表示，美國預算收支平衡在10年內有望成為現實。但是根據這份預算案估算，到2022年，美國依然會有上萬億美元級別的預算赤字。而且不要忘了，這還是建立在美國已經有22萬億美元國債的基礎上。

不過，特朗普的預算案并非付諸實施的最終版。總統的提議權雖然也是必要的，但往往也會被國會否掉。真正的支出水平最終還是由國會來定。

由于政府內部的分歧很大，很有可能特朗普的2020財年預算案并不會全部付諸實現。它只是反映了特朗普眼中的美國改革之路，以及在他看來，哪些東西對于他競選連任最為重要。（財富中文網）

譯者：樸成奎

President Donald Trump sent his “Budget for a Better America” fiscal year 2020 budget proposal to Congress on Monday.

The budget request totals a record-breaking $4.75 trillion. Here’s what it includes.

Budget Increases

One of the biggest areas of proposed budget increases is military spending. Trump requested $750 billion for FY2020, a nearly 5% increase in this area, which exceeds what the Pentagon had asked for.

Trump also requested additional funding for the construction of the U.S.-Mexico border wall. Despite Congress already earlier denying his demand for $5.7 billion for the wall, the 2020 budget now requests $8.6 billion to build it.

Beyond military and security spending, Trump included in the budget funding for efforts to combat the opioid crisis, a 10% increase in health care spending for veterans, $200 billion in infrastructure spending, spending to reduce the cost of prescription drugs, and increased resources for school choice, including federal tax credits.

Budget Cuts

The budget cuts, on the other hand, are more significant, affecting areas such as education and environmental protection and totaling $2.7 trillion.

The 2020 budget proposes a 5% cut at non-defense federal agencies, including a total of $1.9 trillion in cuts to safety net programs like Medicaid. Trump also proposed new work requirements for Medicaid recipients and turning more power over to states. On Medicare, Trump called for an $845 billion budget cut.

Other agencies that would see budget cuts include the Environmental Protection Agency, the State Department, the Transportation Department, and the Department of the Interior, affecting matters such as foreign aid, federal employee retirement programs, and clean energy.

A Not-So Balanced America

While Trump proposes significant budget cuts to a number of domestic programs, his budget would not balance for 15 years. Trump himself made a campaign promise in 2016 to pay off the national debt in eight years and earlier suggested that a balanced budget would be a reality in 10, but the budget forecasts trillion-dollar deficits through 2022. These deficits build on the already $22 trillion of national debt.

However, this 2020 budget is not the one that Americans will see. Presidential budgets, while required, are often ignored by Congress, which has control over actual spending levels.

With a divided government, it is unlikely that all of the components of Trump’s 2020 budget will see the light of day. If nothing else, it simply provides an idea of Trump’s continued vision for the U.S.—and his re-election campaign priorities.