城市規(guī)劃師赫拉·索霍爾特于上周二在新加坡出席《財(cái)富》頭腦風(fēng)暴設(shè)計(jì)大會(huì)時(shí)表示，各大城市在進(jìn)行規(guī)劃時(shí)需要不以國(guó)內(nèi)政治訴求為主，或一味地閉門(mén)造車(chē)，轉(zhuǎn)而應(yīng)以居民需求為本。

索霍爾特是Gehl建筑事務(wù)所的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人及首席執(zhí)行官，公司在哥本哈根、紐約和舊金山均設(shè)有辦事處。公司名稱(chēng)取自于公司創(chuàng)始人——丹麥知名人士簡(jiǎn)·格爾。他曾經(jīng)幫助開(kāi)辟了以人類(lèi)需求為重心的規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)。格爾通過(guò)“公共空間/公共生活”調(diào)查將數(shù)據(jù)運(yùn)用至設(shè)計(jì)，是這一領(lǐng)域的早期創(chuàng)新者。

聯(lián)合國(guó)稱(chēng)，全球超過(guò)半數(shù)的人口都居住在城市，而且這個(gè)數(shù)字到2050年將超過(guò)人口的三分之二。在嘗試解決人口增長(zhǎng)、運(yùn)輸挑戰(zhàn)、移民、治理和氣候變化問(wèn)題之際，很多城市都在尋求新的解決方案。

索霍爾特表示，最重要的是先考慮人類(lèi)需求，然后再付諸行動(dòng)。

她說(shuō)：“我認(rèn)為最重要的并非是設(shè)計(jì)本身，而是設(shè)計(jì)所能產(chǎn)生的效果，也就是設(shè)計(jì)能夠帶來(lái)的生活質(zhì)量。在我們看來(lái)，這里的生活就是大眾的生活，它關(guān)乎如何讓大眾的生活更加健康、更加包容、更具活力，以及如何讓每一個(gè)城市居民在未來(lái)過(guò)上更加健康的生活。”

Gehl事務(wù)所參與了多個(gè)創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目，包括紐約時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)的改造，它在改造后發(fā)生了巨大的變化。索霍爾特說(shuō)：“當(dāng)時(shí)90%的空間都是道路，因此實(shí)際上，時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)中不存在廣場(chǎng)。”

該公司當(dāng)前還參與了悉尼市中心輕軌走廊和上海河濱45公里長(zhǎng)通道項(xiàng)目。該公司希望這些項(xiàng)目能夠改變這兩個(gè)城市。Gehl事務(wù)所甚至與宜家開(kāi)展合作，將荒廢的停車(chē)場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤笆忻窕顒?dòng)場(chǎng)所”。

索霍爾特表示，借助一些好的規(guī)劃，城市在無(wú)需多少政府干預(yù)的情況下便能做很多事情，這是件很神奇的事情。哥本哈根便是這方面的一個(gè)案例。

她說(shuō)：“哥本哈根超過(guò)50%的人口如今使用自行車(chē)通勤。這并不是因?yàn)槲覀兣c世界其他地區(qū)的人有什么不同，也不是因?yàn)槲覀兩眢w里流淌著維京血液，其根本原因在于街道的設(shè)計(jì)迫使人們?nèi)ミ@樣做。”

索霍爾特說(shuō)，城市設(shè)計(jì)正在遠(yuǎn)離以運(yùn)輸為重心的模式，而這種模式在20世紀(jì)五六十年代十分普遍。她說(shuō)，這是一件好事，但還有很多需要改善的地方。

她說(shuō)：“它完全在于用務(wù)實(shí)的眼光來(lái)審視我們作為人類(lèi)的需求——也就是在街道中行走，我們正在考慮所有這些不同的事項(xiàng)，以及如何進(jìn)行整合。我們不會(huì)考慮它對(duì)不同機(jī)構(gòu)的干擾，以及這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的老板是誰(shuí)這類(lèi)問(wèn)題。但不幸的是，當(dāng)前各大城市采取的依然是這種管理模式。”（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：馮豐

審校：夏林

Cities need to ditch internal politics and a siloed approach and embrace urban planning that focuses on the needs of their residents, according to Helle S?holt, a leading urban planner who spoke at Fortune’s Brainstorm Design conference in Singapore on last Tuesday.

S?holt is the founding partner and CEO of Gehl, an architectural firm based in Copenhagen, New York, and San Francisco. The firm is named for its Danish founder, renowned architect Jan Gehl, who helped to pioneer urban design that focuses primarily on human needs. Gehl was also an early innovator in using data in design, through “public space/public life” surveys.

More than half of the world’s population already lives in cities, and that figure will swell to more than two-thirds by 2050, according to the United Nations. And many cities are in search of fresh solutions as they attempt to deal with population growth, transportation challenges, migration, governance, and climate change.

S?holt said it’s essential to think about human needs first before moving on to bricks and mortar.

“I don’t think it’s the design itself that matters,” she said. “I think it’s what the design actually does. It’s about the quality of life that that design enables and in our case, that quality of life is public life, how that part of life can be healthier, more inclusive more dynamic and how that enables everyone in cities live a healthier life in the future.”

Gehl has been involved in a number of innovative projects, including a transformation of Times Square in New York, which was very different before its redevelopment. “Ninety percent of the space at the time was road space,” S?holt said. “So really, there was no square on Times Square.”

The firm is also currently involved in the development of a light rail corridor in downtown Sydney, and a 45 kilometer-long pathway along the Shanghai riverfront. The firm hopes the projects will transform the two cities. Gehl is even working with Ikea to turn deserted parking lots into “people places”

S?holt said it’s remarkable what cities can do with a little leadership and some good planning. Copenhagen is a case in point.

“More than 50% of the population is now bicycling,” she said. “And that’s not because we’re a different species than anyone else in the world. It’s not because we have viking blood running in our veins, but basically because the design of the streets are compelling people to do so.”

S?holt said urban design is moving away from the transport centered approach that characterized planning in the 1950s and 60s. That’s a good thing, she said, but there’s still plenty of room for improvement.

“It’s about how we as human beings from an eye-level perspective, walking in the streets, we are considering all these different things and how they come together,” she said. “We don’t think about the disruption of different agencies, and what is opened by whom and so forth. But unfortunately, this is the way that the cities are managed.”