長期以來，民主黨議員一直非常重視應對氣候變化及其對環境產生的破壞性影響，最終目標是完全消除氣候變化的負面影響。

如今民主黨已占據眾議院多數席位，也就有更多手段推動氣候變化受關注。

本周，馬薩諸塞州的民主黨參議員艾德·馬基與紐約州民主黨眾議員亞歷山德里亞·奧卡西奧·科特斯共同推出名為“綠色新政”的決議，其中包括提升美國經濟的舉措。

這項計劃并未成為法案，主要為美國國會應對減少溫室氣體排放及其環境影響問題制定路線圖。

以下是綠色新政的要點：

誰支持？

《華盛頓郵報》稱，綠色新政得到了四位總統候選人，也是四位參議員的支持，包括新澤西州民主黨議員柯瑞·布克、紐約州民主黨議員陸天娜、加州民主黨議員賀錦麗和馬薩諸塞州議員伊麗莎白·沃倫。另外，有可能競選總統的佛蒙特州參議員伯尼·桑德斯也支持該計劃。迄今為止，共有九位參議員和60位眾議院支持此計劃。

有何目標？

主要目標是，在十年內，讓溫室氣體排放量降為零。

實現目標包括一些具體措施，如進行百分百生產可再生能源、升級基礎設施和所有建筑，支持可持續農業，從坐飛機和汽油汽車改為乘坐公共交通工具，提升應對氣候變化引發災難的能力等。

然而，這項計劃的意圖還不止是在十年內讓美國實現碳中性。奧卡西奧-科特斯向美國國家公共電臺（NPR）表示，綠色新政還要努力實現社會公義，意味著可增加數以百萬的就業崗位，也為所有人提供清潔的水源和健康的食物。

成本幾何？

綠色新政沒有預算，不過相關目標和項目可能耗資幾萬億美元。奧卡西奧-科特斯向NPR透露，希望通過征稅和赤字財政支出推行計劃，經濟增長將證明前期投入均是合理的。

她說：“我們投入基礎設施的每一美元都可以得到六美元的回報。”她指出，2017年共和黨人把持的國會通過了大規模減稅法案，還聲稱未來可促進經濟增長，“卻沒有任何證據證明真的會發生。”

有何現實作用？

作為無法律約束力的決議，綠色新政只是一紙空文，而且可能無法通過共和黨人掌控的參議院，美國總統唐納德·特朗普也可能不會簽字。即便順利通過，該計劃也沒有提出具體的項目。（財富中文網）

譯者：Pessy

審校：夏林

Urgency to slow and ultimately stop climate change and its damaging environmental effects has long been a top agenda item for Democrats on Capitol Hill.

Now they have more leverage since becoming the majority party in the House of Representatives and climate change is getting more attention.

This week a resolution calling for a Green New Deal, which includes energizing the U.S. economy, was introduced by Sen. Ed Markey (D-Mass.) and Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-N.Y.).

The plan isn’t legislation, but is intended as a roadmap for Congress to tackle the issue of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting environmental damage.

Here’s what it’s about:

Who Backs It?

Four presidential candidates—Senators Cory Booker (D-N.J.), Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.), Kamala Harris (D-Calif.), and Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.)—are co-sponsors, according to the Washington Post. Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), who may also run for president, also backs the plan. A total of nine senators and 60 members of the House so far support the measure.

What Are the Goals?

The main target is to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions within 10 years.

This includes creating 100% renewable energy production, upgrades to infrastructure, and all existing buildings, support for sustainable agriculture, a shift from air travel and gasoline cars to mass transit, and creation of resiliency to climate change-related disasters.

But the plan is even bigger than a carbon-neutral U.S. in a decade. Ocasio-Cortez told NPR that the Green New Deal is about social justice, meaning it would create millions of jobs, as well as provide access to clean water and healthy food for everyone.

How Much Would It Cost?

The plan has no budget, but its goals and programs would likely run into the trillions of dollars. Ocasio-Cortez told NPR she envisions a combination of taxation and deficit spending to enable the plan, with economic growth justifying the expenditure.

“For every one dollar invested in infrastructure we get six dollars back,” she said, also noting when the GOP-controlled Congress passed the massive tax cut in 2017 and claimed future economic growth, “they had no evidence to say that these things were going to happen.”

What Would the Plan Actually Do?

As a non-binding resolution, the Green New Deal does nothing in itself—and would probably not pass the Republican-controlled Senate or get a signature from Donald Trump. Even if it did pass, there are no specific programs described.