區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)最被人詬病之處往往是去中心化和匿名，起碼也是假名充斥。這種特性也助長(zhǎng)了政府監(jiān)管未能覆蓋的違法活動(dòng)，例如一些非法市場(chǎng)上可以買(mǎi)毒品，甚至能買(mǎi)兇殺人。

也正因此，美國(guó)政府最終關(guān)閉了AlphaBay和“絲綢之路”（Silk Road）之類使用比特幣交易的網(wǎng)上交易平臺(tái)。

當(dāng)然，在一些加密數(shù)字貨幣的鐵桿粉絲和癡迷加密技術(shù)的人士眼中，此類交易違禁品的網(wǎng)站只是加密數(shù)字貨幣烏托邦理想的陰暗面，而加密數(shù)字貨幣是貨幣自由的終極體現(xiàn)。

那么，區(qū)塊鏈項(xiàng)目如何才能做到，在進(jìn)一步去中心化的同時(shí)不觸犯法律的底線？

區(qū)塊鏈項(xiàng)目Dfinity力求打造去中心化的云端計(jì)算機(jī)，Dfinity的總裁兼首席科學(xué)家多米尼克·威廉姆斯稱其為“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)電腦”。Dfinity的區(qū)塊鏈提供一套管理系統(tǒng)，可確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)上不同類型的實(shí)體信息同步，將人類決策與人工智能算法結(jié)合起來(lái)。

威廉姆斯在《財(cái)富》雜志的最新一期周播節(jié)目“Balancing the Ledger”上解釋說(shuō)：“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)電腦配置了名叫區(qū)塊鏈神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的算法管理系統(tǒng)，可以參與網(wǎng)絡(luò)上各種活動(dòng)。用戶可建議關(guān)閉一些大家都認(rèn)為會(huì)傷害整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的部分，比如暗殺市場(chǎng)。”

“另一方面，管理系統(tǒng)也可處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)營(yíng)指令，比如創(chuàng)建電腦的新碎片或分區(qū)，或是將軟件的模塊從一處挪到另一處。”威廉姆斯表示。

Dfnity將網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部擁有投票權(quán)的單元稱為“神經(jīng)元”。然而，假如大多數(shù)神經(jīng)元都支持某種監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)（以及很多公民）認(rèn)為對(duì)社會(huì)有害的活動(dòng)，例如銷售阿片類藥物的市場(chǎng)，那又該怎么辦？

不管是去中心化的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)、金融機(jī)構(gòu)還是Dfinity預(yù)料今后會(huì)出現(xiàn)的新型企業(yè)，尤其是結(jié)合人工智能自動(dòng)化驅(qū)動(dòng)的企業(yè)，若想獲得成功可能需要證明內(nèi)部控制措施充分，且基本普遍符合社會(huì)規(guī)則與道德規(guī)范。（財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Pessy

審校：夏林

The biggest criticism of blockchain technology is generally that the decentralization and anonymity—or at least pseudonymity—it affords will also facilitate illegal activity outside the reaches of government, such as illicit marketplaces where you can buy anything from drugs to hitmen.

That’s what ultimately led the U.S. authorities to shut down Bitcoin-enabled marketplaces such as AlphaBay and Silk Road.

Of course, in certain circles of diehard crypto enthusiasts and cypherpunks, such online bazaars of freely traded contraband are part of the utopian promise of cryptocurrency—the ultimate expression of monetary freedom.

So how can a blockchain project seek to create greater decentralization but still operate in the confines of the law?

Enter Dfinity, which aims to create a sort of decentralized cloud computer—or “Internet computer,” as Dominic Williams, Dfinity’s president and chief scientist calls it. The project’s blockchain provides it a governance system that keeps the various entities on the network on the same page, combining human-driven decision-making with algorithmic artificial intelligence, or AI.

“The Internet computer has this algorithmic governance system called the blockchain nervous system, which can get involved in all kinds of different aspects of the network,” Williams explains on Fortune’s latest episode of “Balancing the Ledger.” “It might allow someone to submit a proposal to close down something that some people think would harm the network, like an assassination market.”

“On the other hand, the governance also processes network operations instructions, like create a new shard or partition of computers, or move this module of software from that place to this place,” Williams continues.

Still, what if the majority of “neurons”—Dfinity’s term for the network’s units of voting power—favor an activity that regulators (and many citizens) would consider harmful to society, such as an opioid distribution market?

If decentralized social networks, financial institutions and other enterprises Dfinity foresees are to succeed—especially if they are powered by AI automation—they may still need to prove they can govern themselves in a way that broadly conforms to societal rules and morals.