Inrix發布的年度全球交通計分卡顯示，全球十大最擁堵城市有一半在美國。Inrix致力于匯總和分析從交通工具與公路基礎設施收集的交通數據。

全球最擁堵的城市是洛杉磯，紐約市和莫斯科并列第二位。舊金山排在第五位。亞特蘭大和邁阿密也排在前十名以內。

該排名基于對1,360個城市的分析。通過擁堵數據可以了解每座城市獨有的交通問題，如何用技術解決這些問題（或者使問題變得更糟糕），以及叫車服務、汽車共乘和最終的自動駕駛等新型交通模式。這些數據也顯示出司機和城市（即納稅人）為交通難題付出的代價，因為他們必須為公路改善和基礎設施維護買單。

去年，洛杉磯人在高峰擁堵時段被堵在路上的平均時間為102個小時，每一位駕駛員為此支付的直接和間接成本為2,828美元，全市的擁堵成本達到192億美元。直接成本是指燃料成本和浪費的時間的價值，而間接成本則是公司車輛堵在路上的時間產生的貨運和業務費用。Inrix認為，公司會通過提高價格將這些費用轉嫁給每個家庭。

全球十大最擁堵城市為：

1. 洛杉磯

2. 紐約市（并列）

2. 莫斯科（并列）

4. 巴西圣保羅

5. 舊金山

6. 波哥大

7. 倫敦

8. 亞特蘭大

9. 巴黎

10. 邁阿密

美國十大最擁堵城市為：

1. 洛杉磯

2. 紐約市

3. 舊金山

4. 亞特蘭大

5. 邁阿密

6. 華盛頓特區

7. 波士頓

8. 芝加哥

9. 西雅圖

10. 達拉斯

美國十大最擁堵城市中，有八個城市都在亞馬遜（Amazon）正在考慮作為第二未來總部HQ2所在地的前20個城市名單當中。

調查結果顯示，美國是全世界最擁堵的發達國家，全美司機每年在高峰時段被堵在路上的時間平均為41小時，2017年的司機成本接近3,050億美元，人均1,445美元。

在全世界最擁堵的國家當中，美國排在第五位（與俄羅斯并列），每位司機在高峰時段的通勤耗時為41小時。排在第一位的是泰國，司機在高峰擁堵時段平均耗時56小時。

全球十大最擁堵國家為：

1. 泰國

2. 印度尼西亞

3. 哥倫比亞

4. 委內瑞拉

5. 美國（并列）

5. 俄羅斯（并列）

7. 巴西（并列）

7. 南非（并列）

9. 土耳其

10. 英國

分析發現，所有城市的擁堵類型不盡相同。紐約與舊金山的平均擁堵率與洛杉磯接近，但三個城市卻表現出截然不同的通勤模式。例如，舊金山的主干道和城市街道在高峰通勤時段的擁堵率最高（與波士頓相當），而紐約市卻是在日間的擁堵最為嚴重。（財富中文網）

譯者：劉進龍/汪皓?

Five of the top 10 most congested cities in the world are located in the United States, according to a global traffic scorecard published annually by Inrix, a company that aggregates and analyzes traffic data collected from vehicles and highway infrastructure.

Los Angeles is the most congested city in the world, followed by New York City and Moscow, which are tied for the second place spot. San Francisco is the fifth most congested. Atlanta and Miami also make the top 10 list.

The scorecard is based on an analysis of 1,360 cities. The congestion data provides insight into each city’s unique set of transportation problems and how they might be solved (or made worse) with technology and new forms of transporatation such as ride-hailing, car-sharing, and eventually self-driving vehicles. It also shows what the transportation headaches are costing drivers and the city (meaning taxpayers) that must pay for road improvements and infrastructure maintenance.

Angelenos spent an average of 102 hours last year in traffic jams during peak congestion hours, costing drivers $2,828 each and the city $19.2 billion from direct and indirect costs. Direct costs relate to the value of fuel and time wasted, and indirect costs refer to freight and business fees from company vehicles idling in traffic. Those fees are then passed on to households through higher prices, according to Inrix.

The top 10 most congested cities in the world are:

1. Los Angeles

2. New York City (tie)

2. Moscow (tie)

4. Sao Paulo, Brazil

5. San Francisco

6. Bogotá

7. London

8. Atlanta

9. Paris

10. Miami

The top 10 most congested cities in the U.S. are:

1. Los Angeles

2. New York City

3. San Francisco

4. Atlanta

5. Miami

6. Washington, D.C.

7. Boston

8. Chicago

9. Seattle

10. Dallas

Eight of the top 10 most congested cities in the U.S. also happen to be on Amazon’s top 20 list of cities under consideration for the location of its second future headquarters, dubbed HQ2.

Based on the findings, the U.S. ranked as the most congested developed country in the world, with drivers spending an average of 41 hours a year in traffic during peak hours, which cost drivers nearly $305 billion in 2017, an average of $1,445 per person.

Overall, the U.S. is in fifth place (and tied with Russia) as the most congested country, with drivers spending 41 peak hours commuting. The most congested country in the world is Thailand, with drivers spending an average of 56 hours in peak-hour congestion.

The top 10 most congested countries are:

1. Thailand

2. Indonesia

3. Colombia

4. Venezuela

5. United States (tie)

5. Russia (tie)

7. Brazil (tie)

7. South Africa (tie)

9.Turkey

10. United Kingdom

The analysis revealed that not all cities have the same kind of congestion. Both New York and San Francisco have similar average congestion rate as Los Angeles, but show different commute patterns. San Francisco, for example, had the highest congestion rate (tied with Boston) on arterial and city streets during the peak commute hours, while New York holds the top spot during the daytime.