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沒了跟10位美國總統(tǒng)打過交道的卡斯特羅,古巴人開始害怕特朗普了

沒了跟10位美國總統(tǒng)打過交道的卡斯特羅,古巴人開始害怕特朗普了

財富中文網 2016年11月28日
一些古巴人擔心,特朗普可能會打斷正在解凍的古美關系。

從豬灣入侵,到奧巴馬對古巴的歷史性訪問,幾代古巴人都知道,每當美國把臉轉向這個國家,都會看到菲德爾·卡斯特羅的怒視。

但是,隨著“指揮官同志”的離去,古巴人反而愈加擔心,美國當選總統(tǒng)特朗普會切斷古美剛剛興起的貿易和旅游關系,讓奧巴馬持續(xù)了兩年的緩解兩國關系的努力毀于一旦。

很多古巴人認為,已故領袖依舊充滿領袖魅力,面對特朗普對他的攻擊,他們不能沉默。

36 歲的哈瓦那街頭小販雅內西·拉羅說:“指揮官走了,我有點擔心,以特朗普的看問題和做事的方式,他可能搞出什么事來。”

她說:“他可能打斷奧巴馬所取得的進展。為了讓美國和古巴更密切,奧巴馬做了很多。”拉羅承認,她會考慮移居美國。

From the Bay of Pigs invasion to a historic visit by President Barack Obama to Havana, Cubans have known for generations that whenever the United States turns its face to Cuba, Fidel Castro would be staring right back.

But the death of “El Comandante” has added to worries among Cubans that U.S. President-elect Donald Trump will slam the door shut on nascent trade and travel ties, undoing two years of detente with the United States under Obama.

Many Cubans believe they could do with their late leader’s charisma and way with words to counter Trump’s bombast.

“With ‘El Comandante’ gone, I am a little fearful of what could happen because of Trump’s way of thinking and acting,” said Yaneisi Lara, a 36-year-old Havana street vendor and flower seller.

“He could set back and block everything that’s been going on, all the things Obama has done. And he did a lot, managing to get the U.S. closer to Cuba,” she said, admitting she would consider moving to the United States herself.

兩年前,奧巴馬與卡斯特羅的弟弟、古巴國務委員會主席勞爾·卡斯特羅達成了協(xié)議,結束了兩國半個世紀的敵對關系。特朗普的主張與奧巴馬差別很大。

在競選總統(tǒng)時,為了爭取佛羅里達州的古巴裔美國選民,特朗普承諾,如果當選,他將關閉美國不久前在哈瓦那重開的大使館。

此前,在共和黨總統(tǒng)候選人提名的競選中,特朗普還說說,他認為可以跟古巴恢復外交關系,但奧巴馬原來可以達成一個對美國更有利的協(xié)議。

如今,特朗普贏得了總統(tǒng)大選,他會對古巴采取何種態(tài)度,還很難說。

上周六,特朗普的高級顧問科爾亞恩·康韋在NBC的《媒體見面》節(jié)目上說:“一切都還沒定。當選總統(tǒng)要在上任后再做決定。”

Trump has struck a very different tone from Obama, who reached an agreement two years ago with Castro’s younger brother, President Raul Castro, to end half a century of hostilities.

Late in his election campaign, Trump sought to reassure Cuban-American voters in Florida that he was firm in his opposition to the Castros, and pledged that, if elected, he would close down the newly re-opened U.S. embassy in Havana.

Earlier on, in the primary contests to pick the Republican presidential nominee, Trump said he thought restoring diplomatic ties with Cuba was fine, but that Obama ought to have cut a better deal.

Now that Trump has won the presidency, it is hard to know exactly what his approach to Cuba will be.

“None of that has been decided,” Trump’s senior adviser, Kellyanne Conway, said on NBC’s “Meet the Press” on Sunday. “The president-elect will make those decisions once he takes office.”

然而,即將在特朗普就職后擔任白宮幕僚長的雷因斯·普里布斯說,特朗普會要求古巴政府提供更大的政治自由,如果要求得不到滿足,他就會收回奧巴馬的政策。

周日,普里布斯又在福克斯新聞臺上說:“美國不會單邊向古巴示好,除非勞爾·卡斯特羅的政府采取一些行動。”

菲德爾·卡斯特羅逝世后,奧巴馬稱他為“非凡人物”,特朗普卻說他是“野蠻的獨裁者”。

卡斯特羅的職業(yè)生涯始于推翻美國支持的政府。1961年,他挫敗了由中央情報局支持的豬灣反革命入侵,一年后,又在古巴導彈危機中向美國總統(tǒng)肯尼迪叫板。

However, Reince Priebus, who will be Trump’s chief of staff when he takes office on Jan. 20, said Trump would call for more political freedoms from the Cuban government, and that if he did not get this he would roll back Obama’s opening.

“There isn’t going to be a one-way relationship from the United States to Cuba without some action from the Castro administration,” Priebus said on Fox News Sunday.

After the death of the 90-year-old Fidel Castro on Friday, Obama called him a “singular figure,” while Trump described him as a “brutal dictator.”

Castro began his career as a revolutionary by toppling a U.S.-backed government. He repelled a CIA-backed counter-revolutionary invasion at the Bay of Pigs in 1961, and faced off against President John F. Kennedy in the Cuban missile crisis a year later.

?

在當權的49年間,他曾與10位美國總統(tǒng)正面交鋒。2008年,他正式退休,此后一直保持低調。不過,卡斯特羅仍在不停地警告古巴人,美國政府不可信任。

盡管勞爾·卡斯特羅更加靠近美國,但在政治上,并沒有對奧巴馬做太多讓步。

奧巴馬也沒能說服國會,取消對古巴的貿易禁運,但他本人反對制裁,依靠行政手段批準了一些對古巴的合同和商務活動。

本周一,美國的一個商務航班將飛到哈瓦那,這是半個世紀以來的第一次。

特朗普極可能重審奧馬巴采取的措施。他的過渡團隊包括了毛里希奧·克拉弗-卡弗,此人是維持對古嚴厲制裁的主要倡導者。特朗普在上周六曾說,在他上任后,美國政府將“盡可能地”幫助失去了卡斯特羅的古巴人民擁有更多的自由和財富,但他沒提到任何具體行動。

During 49 years in office, he crossed swords with 10 U.S. presidents. And while he took a lower profile after officially retiring in 2008, Castro never stopped warning Cubans that the American government was not to be trusted.

Although moving closer to the United States, Raul Castro has not given up much ground to the Obama administration in terms of liberalizing Cuba’s one-party political system.

Obama did not succeed in convincing Congress to lift the United States’ tough economic embargo on Cuba, but he personally opposed the sanctions and used executive actions to allow more contact and commerce.

The first U.S. commercial flight to Havana in about half a century is due to arrive on Monday.

Trump could easily review such measures. He has included Mauricio Claver-Carone, a leading advocate for maintaining a tough economic embargo, in his transition team.

Without giving any specifics, Trump said on Saturday that his administration would “do all it can” once he takes office to help increase freedom and prosperity for Cuban people after the death of Castro.

?

39歲的哈瓦那出租車司機帕布羅·馬丁內斯說:“特朗普跟奧巴馬完全相反。”

古巴國民受過良好教育,但就業(yè)不充分,生活比較艱難。與美國打交道能賺到更多的錢。馬丁內斯擔心,等特朗普上臺,這些錢就沒有了。

馬丁內斯現(xiàn)在給外國人開出租,每周可以賺100到120美元。他說:“未來,游客數量會減少,這會影響到古巴所有人,打擊古巴經濟。”

68歲的佩德羅·馬查多是位退位工程師,如今,他把自己在哈瓦那的一處“海景房”租了出去。他擔心,特朗普那些冒犯的言辭會制造麻煩。

他說:“特朗普的政策太偏激,但我們需要觀察他實際做了什么。但對于拉丁美洲,尤其是對古巴,他的上臺是個壞消息。”

他還說:“我這一代得益于卡斯特羅的革命,我是說在教育方面,窮人得到了幫助。革命并不都是好事,但卡斯特羅確實幫助了我們。美國做事就像一個帝國,特朗普代表的,就是這么一個帝國。從他說的那些話看,未來看起來不是很好。”

“Trump is the polar opposite of Obama,” said burly Havana taxi driver Pablo Fernandez Martinez, 39, as he hustled for work.

Life in Cuba remains hard for its educated but underemployed people, but engagement with the United States has brought in more dollars. Martinez fears that could dry up in Trump’s administration.

“There will probably be less tourist traffic. That will affect everyone in Cuba, and hit the economy,” said Martinez, who earns $100-$120 a week driving for foreigners.

Pedro Machado, 68, is a retired engineer in marine research who now rents out rooms in his airy apartment near Havana’s “Malecon” seafront. Watching television with his wife, Machado worried that Trump’s angry rhetoric could spell trouble.

“Trump’s policies are very aggressive. We’ll have to see what he actually does. But it certainly looks like bad news for Latin America and for Cuba in particular,” he said.

“My generation benefited from Fidel’s revolution, in terms of education, the poor were helped. Not everything was a bed of roses, but Fidel helped us,” he added “The United States has acted as an empire, and that’s what Trump represents. Given what he has said, the future is not looking great.”

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