美國勞工部統(tǒng)計局上周四發(fā)布報告稱，據(jù)私人企業(yè)報告，去年有將近300萬勞動者因公患病或受工傷，其中半數(shù)以上需要請假幾天或者換崗，或工作能力受到影響。

數(shù)字可能看來驚人，但報告顯示，形勢較前些年已逐步好轉(zhuǎn)。2015年，全職員工的因公傷病率降至3%，病例數(shù)比2014年減少了5萬。勞工部統(tǒng)計局數(shù)據(jù)顯示，過去13年，這類傷病率幾乎逐年下降。

有些行業(yè)本身就比其他行業(yè)危險，然而，公司無論規(guī)模大小都可以努力提高安全管理水平。休斯敦的企業(yè)安全文化顧問布萊恩·費爾考指出，小公司往往誤以為，培養(yǎng)重視并改善安全經(jīng)營的企業(yè)文化超出了能力范圍。他說：“在過時的陳腐觀念里，安全是一種成本，而不是投資。事實上安全并非成本。”

上述美國勞工部統(tǒng)計局的年度報告僅統(tǒng)計了非致命傷害和疾病。另外兩份將分別于今年11月和12月發(fā)布的報告將詳細披露請假一天以上的傷病，以及因公死亡事故。

那么，哪些行業(yè)最容易出工傷？以下是根據(jù)事故發(fā)生率選出的五大最危險行業(yè)。（注：下文反映的是該行業(yè)的工傷率，不是疾病率。）

Last year, nearly 3 million people suffered an employer-reported illness or injury in the private sector, according to a report released Thursday by the Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics. More than half required days away from work, job transfers, or restrictions on ability to work.

Though that may seem alarming, the report shows steady improvement from prior years. The rate of injury and illness fell to 3 per 100 full-time workers in 2015, meaning there were 50,000 fewer cases than in 2014. Rates have fallen almost every year for the last 13 years, according to the BLS.

While some industries are inherently more dangerous than others, companies big and small can work to promote better safety practices. Brian Fielkow, a Houston-based safety culture consultant to businesses, says small companies often mistakenly believe that developing a culture that highlights and promotes safety is beyond their means. “There is old-school and outdated thinking that says safety is a cost, not an investment,” he says. “It’s not true.”

This particular BLS report, released annually, looks only at nonfatal injuries and illnesses. Two additional reports, due out in November and December, will detail workplace injuries and illnesses that require at least one day away from work, as well as workplace fatalities.

So what are the most injury-prone sectors? Here’s a breakdown of the top five based on incidence rates. (Note: The below reflects rates for injuries, not illnesses.)

5、包括客機和直升機飛行及飛行員、機械師、裝卸貨和貨運代理等相關(guān)工作人員，航空運輸?shù)墓蕿?.8%。

5. Air transportation, which includes aircraft and helicopter flights and workers such as pilots, mechanics, and cargo and freight agents, had an injury rate of 5.8 per 100 workers.

4、木制品制造業(yè)的工傷率為5.9%。美國勞工部統(tǒng)計局將這類制造業(yè)定義為包括從伐木到鋸木、刨木、將木料塑造成型、層壓和組裝在內(nèi)的多種工作。

4. Wood product manufacturing, a sub-category of manufacturing, which the BLS defines generally as businesses involved in sawing, planing, shaping, laminating and assembling wood products starting from logs, had an injury rate of 5.9 per 100 workers.

3、快遞員和郵差的工傷率為6.4%，相當于一年將近有3萬人負工傷。

3. Couriers and messengers had nearly 30,000 injuries, with a rate of 6.4 injuries per 100 workers.

2、護理和安老機構(gòu)的全職員工工傷率為6.5%，即一年因公負傷者約有16.5萬人。令人不安的是，美國州政府和地方政府經(jīng)營的安老院工傷率達到11.7%，幾乎比私立安老院工傷率高一倍。

2. Nursing and residential care facilities workers had 6.5 injuries per 100 full-time workers, resulting in injuries for about 165,000 people. Disturbingly, state and local government-run facilities had injury rates nearly double that of private facilities, with 11.7 injuries per 100 people.

1、畜牧業(yè)的工傷率高達6.6%。勞工部統(tǒng)計局將其定義為在牧場、農(nóng)場或者飼養(yǎng)場工作，最終將動物制成商品出售的行業(yè)。（財富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Pessy

審校：夏林

1. Animal production, which the BLS defines as raising and fattening animals on ranches, farms, and feedlots for eventual sales as products, ranked the highest, with 6.6 injuries per 100 workers.