在決定對(duì)總部進(jìn)行翻新時(shí)，麥克森公司（2015年世界500強(qiáng)排名第16位）知道，脫胎換骨的時(shí)候到了。這家大型藥品經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商還知道，自己的工作場(chǎng)所不光要能鼓舞士氣，還要能體現(xiàn)出自己的主要使命，也就是讓人們更健康。帶著這樣的目標(biāo)，該公司選擇了最新的辦公場(chǎng)所營(yíng)造趨勢(shì)之一——WELL建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)證。

原先的麥克森大樓已有20多年歷史，擁擠不堪，缺乏靈活性，技術(shù)落后而且采光不足。解決這些問(wèn)題只是第一步。該公司高層的目的是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)有益于員工的空間。

麥克森全球公司房地產(chǎn)部門(mén)高級(jí)副總裁邁克爾·華科說(shuō)：“原來(lái)的大廈壽命將盡……這給了我們一個(gè)踏板，可以真正做一些先進(jìn)得多的東西，并且兼顧身心健康。想一想可持續(xù)性和健康以及我們改善世界的使命，這只是讓我們邁向這個(gè)目標(biāo)的舉措之一。”

隨著更多《財(cái)富》500強(qiáng)企業(yè)想方設(shè)法吸引和留住有才能的員工，工作環(huán)境已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)關(guān)鍵賣(mài)點(diǎn)。現(xiàn)在美國(guó)適齡勞動(dòng)人口中一大半是80后和90后，他們?cè)桨l(fā)希望能找到體現(xiàn)自身價(jià)值的工作場(chǎng)所。10年來(lái)，雖然用人單位就此采取了相應(yīng)措施，不斷推廣通過(guò)LEED認(rèn)證的環(huán)保型辦公室，但這些80后和90后的關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向辦公室如何提高員工的身心健康水平。

除了吸引人才，研究表明健康的員工表現(xiàn)較好，生產(chǎn)率也較高。同時(shí)，隨著健康成本不斷上升，企業(yè)的保險(xiǎn)成本以及個(gè)人的免賠額和共付額也水漲船高。這促使公司首先把錢(qián)用在預(yù)防員工生病方面，通過(guò)激勵(lì)手段和小的調(diào)整來(lái)改善后者的日常健康狀況。

華科指出：“我們打算吸引并留住一個(gè)與眾不同的全球性員工隊(duì)伍，一個(gè)非常多元化的群體。和所有公司一樣，我們也在從其他許多行業(yè)爭(zhēng)取員工。注重身心健康讓我們有了優(yōu)勢(shì)，能夠吸引質(zhì)量較高的人才，原因是我們正在打造一個(gè)有吸引力的環(huán)境。”

在為自己的新建筑申請(qǐng)WELL認(rèn)證方面，賽門(mén)鐵克、多倫多道明銀行、富國(guó)銀行和世邦魏理仕都已經(jīng)或者正在取得進(jìn)展。

WELL建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由國(guó)際WELL建筑研究所負(fù)責(zé)管理，該研究所是一家獲得了第三方的綠色建筑認(rèn)證協(xié)會(huì)（GBCI）認(rèn)證的公益機(jī)構(gòu)。綠色建筑認(rèn)證協(xié)會(huì)同時(shí)也管理著LEED綠色建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。WELL建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)于2013年由設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)Delos發(fā)起設(shè)立，Delos的創(chuàng)始人也是國(guó)際WELL建筑研究所的奠基人。設(shè)立該研究所是為了配合“克林頓全球倡議”，也就是通過(guò)營(yíng)造可以提升員工健康水平和生活質(zhì)量的空間來(lái)改善人們的生活。這套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)耗時(shí)七年制定而成，包括三個(gè)同業(yè)審核階段，分別由科學(xué)、行業(yè)以及醫(yī)療專(zhuān)家組實(shí)施。

When McKesson decided to revamp its headquarters in Richmond, Va., it knew it was time for a radical change. The drug distribution giant also knew it needed a workplace that was not only inspiring but reflected its primary mission: making people healthier. That’s what led the company to one of the latest workplace trends: WELL Building Certification.

McKesson’s former 20-plus-year-old building was overcrowded, inflexible, technologically outdated, and lacked daylight. Addressing those issues was simply the first step. Executives wanted to create a space that benefited its workers.

“The former facility was at the end of its life….That gave us the springboard to really do something that was much more progressive and with an eye toward wellness,” says Michael Huaco, senior vice president of Global Corporate Real Estate at McKesson. “Thinking about things like sustainability and health and our mission to improve the world, this is just one of those things that helps us get there.”

As more Fortune 500 firms fight to attract and retain talented workers, work environment has become a key selling point. Millennials now account for the majority of the American workforce, and they are increasingly looking for workplaces that reflect their values. While companies responded to the move for planet-friendly offices by promoting LEED-certified buildings over the past decade, their focus has turned to how their offices can promote wellness for their employees.

Beyond attracting talented workers, studies have shown that healthy workers perform better and are more productive. And as health care costs continue to rise, companies are facing higher insurance costs and individuals are facing higher deductibles and co-payments. That’s led companies to invest in ways to keep their employees from getting sick in the first place, using incentives and small changes to help increase everyday wellness.

“We’re looking to attract and retain a different kind of global workforce, a very diverse workforce,” says Huaco. “We compete like everyone else for employees from many other industries, and embracing wellness gives us a leg up and allows us to attract higher quality employees because we’re creating an environment that’s attractive.”

Companies like Symantec , TD Bank ?, Wells Fargo ??-0.17%?, and CBRE ?? have achieved or are in the process of applying for WELL status for their new buildings.

The WELL Building Standard is administered by the International WELL Building Institute (IWBI), a public benefit corporation that’s third-party certified by Green Business Certification, the same group that administers LEED certification. It was initially launched in 2013 by design agency Delos, whose founder launched IWBI as part of a commitment to the Clinton Global Initiative to improve the way people live by developing spaces that enhance workers health and quality of life. The standard was developed over seven years, combining a three-phase peer review process across scientific, practitioner, and medical experts.

這套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考慮了七項(xiàng)因素——空氣、水、營(yíng)養(yǎng)、光照、健身、舒適和心理，所有這些因素都以環(huán)境怎樣影響人類(lèi)健康的醫(yī)學(xué)研究為基礎(chǔ)。這些研究的結(jié)論包括放置更多飲水機(jī)，把打印機(jī)放在中心區(qū)域以鼓勵(lì)員工更多地走動(dòng)，以及安裝空氣凈化系統(tǒng)。這七項(xiàng)因素都按WELL標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的100多條要求進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化，其目的是改善居住者的整體健康狀況、情緒、睡眠以及工作表現(xiàn)。

IA Interior Architects合伙人、WELL認(rèn)可的業(yè)內(nèi)人士黛安·羅杰斯說(shuō)：“WELL建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)證填補(bǔ)了LEED留下的空白。LEED關(guān)注的主要是負(fù)責(zé)任的采購(gòu)材料以及推廣可持續(xù)的營(yíng)建方法。WELL則專(zhuān)門(mén)針對(duì)環(huán)境對(duì)個(gè)人的影響，既有生理上的，也有心理上的。我把它視為人的可持續(xù)性。”

IA Interior Architects和麥克森攜手合作，目的是讓新總部同時(shí)達(dá)到員工身心健康以及環(huán)境可持續(xù)兩大目標(biāo)。也就是說(shuō)，既要達(dá)到LEED認(rèn)證的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，還要滿(mǎn)足WELL認(rèn)證的要求。據(jù)IA Interior Architect項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人梅拉尼·施密特和杰克·布姆豪爾介紹，一個(gè)主要關(guān)注點(diǎn)是光照。新大樓優(yōu)化了采光，并用LED光源進(jìn)行全天候調(diào)整，以配合人的自然生物鐘節(jié)律——這是WELL建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)認(rèn)證的要求之一。辦公室燈光的設(shè)計(jì)是白天一直較亮，然后暗下來(lái)，和室外的情形相吻合。

The standard takes into account seven factors—air, water, nutrition, light, fitness, comfort, and mind—all of which are based on medical research concerning how environments affect human health. This includes things like providing more water bottle filling stations, locating printers to a central area so employees are encouraged to move more, and installing air purification systems. All seven factors are optimized based on over 100 WELL requirements, which are designed to improve the overall health, mood, sleep, and performance of a building’s occupants.

“WELL Building Certification picks up where LEED drops off,” says Diane Rogers, an associate at IA Interior Architects and a WELL accredited profession. “LEED is primarily concerned with responsibly sourcing materials and promoting sustainable building practices. WELL is really about the effect of the environment on the individual, both physiologically and psychologically. I think of it as human sustainability.”

IA Interior Architects worked hand-in-hand with McKesson to meet its goals for both employee wellness and environmental sustainability at the new headquarters. This included meeting the standards for LEED certification while also building out the additional requirements for WELL certification. A prime focus, according to IA Interior Architect project leads Melanie Schmidt and Jake Boomhouwer, was on lighting. The new building optimizes employees’ access to natural light and uses LED fixtures that adjust throughout the day to adapt to humans’ natural circadian rhythm, a qualification for WELL Building Certification. Office lighting is programmed to get brighter throughout the day before dimming, matching what’s happening outdoors.

作為在麥克森總部工作的IA Interior Architects項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理，施密特說(shuō)：“我們可以利用的一點(diǎn)是把開(kāi)放式辦公室推到建筑物外部，而且和原來(lái)的辦公室相比，我們可以在更大范圍內(nèi)使用自然光線。它能讓人工光源更自然地和人的生物鐘節(jié)律步調(diào)一致。”

麥克森還利用了WELL認(rèn)證的其他主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，比如讓員工有更多健身機(jī)會(huì)；在合適位置裝上樓梯，以鼓勵(lì)人們走路，而不是乘電梯；以及對(duì)外部和循環(huán)空氣加強(qiáng)過(guò)濾。IA Interior Architects的設(shè)計(jì)遍布自然元素，比如回收木材制作的墻壁，以及模仿環(huán)境的靈感，比如六角形地毯塊。

華科表示，到目前為止，人們出現(xiàn)了一邊倒的積極互動(dòng)。麥克森發(fā)現(xiàn)更多員工開(kāi)始選擇到公司上班，而不是在家辦公。員工們還表示，在辦公室里碰到同事的頻率要比以前高得多。這正是WELL標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的另一個(gè)核心元素——把身體健康延伸到情感和社會(huì)支持領(lǐng)域。

現(xiàn)在，麥克森開(kāi)始把WELL標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用于達(dá)拉斯和亞利桑那州斯科茨代爾市的新辦公室。華科也在以新里奇蒙德總部為典范來(lái)制定辦公室環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

華科說(shuō)：“我們正在對(duì)員工隊(duì)伍投資。這樣做代價(jià)不菲，但我們認(rèn)為它會(huì)逐漸帶來(lái)回報(bào)。我們希望自己的員工長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地和我們待在一起，也希望有一支大跨度、多元化的員工隊(duì)伍來(lái)體現(xiàn)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)當(dāng)前的特色。” （財(cái)富中文網(wǎng)）

譯者：Charlie

審校：詹妮

“Where we were able to capitalize on that is by pushing the open offices out to the exterior of the building and incorporating that natural light more broadly compared to the older offices,” says Schmidt, a project manager at IA Interior Architects who worked on the McKesson headquarters. “It allows the artificial lighting to pair more naturally with that circadian rhythm emphasis.”

McKesson made use of other key WELL standards, like giving employees more opportunities for fitness, adding multiple well-placed staircases to encourage people to walk rather than take the elevator, and by introducing enhanced filtration of both external and recirculated air. Natural elements like reclaimed wood walls and environment-inspired patters like hexagon carpet tiles were also incorporated by IA Interior Architects throughout the design.

The reaction so far has been overwhelmingly positive, says Huaco. McKesson has already seen more people choosing to come into the office rather than work from home. Employees have also commented on how much more often they run into peers around the office compared their experience in the older space. That feeds into another core element of WELL: extending wellness beyond physical health to emotional and social support.

McKesson is now bringing WELL standards to its other new offices in Dallas and Scottsdale, Ariz., and Huaco is developing office space guidelines using the new Richmond headquarters as its gold standard.

“We’re making an investment in our workforce. It isn’t cheap, but we think that it pays dividends over time,” says Huaco. “We want our employees to stay with us for a long time, and we want a broad and diverse workforce to reflect what’s going on in the global economy.”