如果成功的標準用賺了多少錢來衡量，那這些公司無疑都是頂尖的。

《財富》雜志公布了2016年美國500強榜單，今年的美國500強占全美GDP的三分之二，總收入達12萬億美元，利潤為8400億美元，市值17萬億美元，全球員工數達2790萬。蘋果公司首次躋身三甲，沃爾瑪收入略減但仍蟬聯榜首，美國電話電報公司（AT&T）重返十佳。下面就是排名前10的美國公司榜單：

1. 沃爾瑪（Walmart）

《財富》美國500強排名：第1名

2015年營業收入：4821億美元

進入21世紀以來，沃爾瑪在貫徹超級零售商策略方面進展迅速，如今已成為美國第二大在線零售商，僅次于亞馬遜。沃爾瑪提高了員工工資，大手筆升級技術，其美國公司改進了客戶服務質量，2015年每個季度的銷售額都明顯增加。沃爾瑪還打算重整占銷售額一半的食品業務，定位有機和生鮮食品，與curbside合作提供網絡下單自提服務。沃爾瑪在轉型科技巨頭的道路上也充滿自信，已經在美國推出移動支付服務Walmart Pay。但對這家全球最大的公司來說，挑戰仍然不小。首先，轉型電商的步伐落后于主要對手。山姆會員店的業務還在努力追趕好市多（Costco）。此外，由于美元持續堅挺，海外業務的利潤受到侵蝕。2015年沃爾瑪總銷售額第一次出現下滑。

2. 埃克森美孚（Exxon Mobil）

《財富》美國500強排名：第2名

2015年營業收入：2462億美元

按市值來算，埃克森美孚是油氣領域全球最大的上市公司（按收入來算要排在中石化和荷蘭殼牌后面）。如今埃克森美孚已經擺脫了油價暴跌的陰影，在縱向整合業務之后，下游業務的收益覆蓋了油價低迷期上游業務的損失。從盈利能力到安全標準，埃克森美孚在方方面面仍然是行業標桿，不過在氣候變化方面的爭議是其知名軟肋。紐約和加利福尼亞的州檢察官都已經下令，調查埃克森美孚在氣候變化導致的商業風險方面是否有誤導投資者的行為。此外，還有人指控埃克森美孚打壓對其不利的科研活動，不過埃克森美孚已經否認。

3.蘋果公司（Apple）

《財富》美國500強排名：第3名

2015年營業收入：2337億美元

近十年來蘋果不斷推陳出新，從流行一時的iPod到風靡全球的iPhone，業績也穩健增長。如今蘋果終于遇到瓶頸。盡管蘋果仍是全世界最賺錢的上市公司，但2015年年底推出的新升級款iPhone 6S and 6S Plus勉強超過前作，iPad平板電腦銷量持續下滑。2015年4月，蘋果新推出了智能手表，市場評價不一，銷量也不溫不火。此外，隨著中國經濟放緩，蘋果在中國的業務情況略有爭議。2015年8月，蘋果CEO蒂姆?庫克還罕見地寫郵件給CNBC電視主持人吉姆?克萊默，聲稱去年夏天在中國的銷量并無下滑。但去年蘋果在中國的表現并不出彩。近來人們又開始希望新款iPhone引發換機熱潮，關注的焦點轉向了印度，因為蘋果在印度的市場份額還很小。不過雖然市場擔心其增長前景，蘋果在2015年還是有重大的突破。蘋果打算造出先進的電動汽車，進軍汽車市場，目前名為泰坦的計劃已經啟動，成員都是之前從事汽車行業的專家，正式推出可能還得幾年。一旦新車成功問世，庫克和蘋果定會大出風頭。

4.伯克希爾－哈撒韋公司（Berkshire Hathaway）

《財富》美國500強排名：第4名

2015年營業收入：2108億美元

沃倫?巴菲特掌管的保險和投資集團伯克希爾－哈撒韋公司在掙脫巴菲特光環方面又有進展。過去這家公司靠巴菲特高超的投資技巧賺得大錢。但2016年年初，伯克希爾完成了對Precision Castparts公司的收購，涉及320億美元。目前伯克希爾旗下的數十家公司涉獵廣泛，從汽車保險公司Geico到內衣品牌鮮果布衣（Fruit of the Loom），再到鐵路巨頭伯靈頓北方公司（Burlington Northern）。伯克希爾還跟私募股權公司3G一同持有食品巨頭卡夫亨氏公司的大筆股份。如今伯克希爾收入中近四分之三來自非于財務投資，而是經營業務，這是好事。尤其是近來巴菲特在股市的大手筆投資，例如IBM和美國運通表現都不怎么樣。

5.麥克森公司（McKesson）

《財富》美國500強排名：第5名

2015年營業收入：1812億美元

麥克森是美國最大的藥品公司，近來也遇到了不少困難。多年來仿制藥價格一路上漲，推送麥克森的業績走高，但今年可能無法繼續順風順水，收入增長的勢頭或出現放緩。麥克森最近已經失去不少客戶，如果連鎖藥店來愛德（Rite Aid）被沃爾格林（Walgreen）成功收購，2018年還會損失130億美元的收入。管理層在拼命想辦法減輕沖擊，具體措施包括收購其他公司代替損失的業務，以及采取業務重組方案，今年有望節省1.8億美元開支。

6.聯合健康集團（UnitedHealth Group）

《財富》美國500強排名：第6名

2015年營業收入：1571億美元

美國最大的醫療保險公司聯合健康集團這一年里出現了大變故。由于認為業內最大的貿易組織——美國醫療保險計劃（America’s Health Insurance Plans，AHIP）采取的新措施“不適合本集團和多元產品”，聯合健康集團脫離了AHIP。最近，聯合健康集團稱由于損失慘重，將撤出奧巴馬醫改中的全國個人保險市場。兩項決定都透露出聯合健康想單干的打算。這么做也有道理，畢竟聯合健康規模龐大、業務觸角廣泛，目前在全球已有超過1億客戶。聯合健康旗下的醫療服務平臺Optum和藥品福利業務OptumRx發展迅速，還斥資128億美元收購了競爭對手Catamaran。

7.CVS Health公司（CVS Health）

《財富》美國500強排名：第7名

2015年營業收入：1533億美元

直到現在，CVS Health公司還能感到2014年放棄香煙業務的隱痛。不過公司一直在利用當時的舉動來開展正面的公關工作，讓越來越多的員工相信這真是一家醫療保健公司，旗下的Caremark藥品福利管理業務也借此增長。雖然幾年前藥品福利管理超越了的零售藥房業務，但公司在開足馬力拓展CVS/藥房業務，在同店銷售不斷下滑時努力維持增長。CVS最近收購了塔吉特（Target）旗下1700個商場藥店，今年也將同創業公司Curbside合作開展網購自提業務。店中一直在推廣更健康的食品，提升衛生保健的品牌形象，還在推動護膚美容品，跟宿敵沃爾格林正面競爭。

8.通用汽車公司（General Motors）

《財富》美國500強排名：第8名

2015年營業收入：1524億美元

2015年，通用汽車最主要的目標就是擺脫點火裝置導致召回事件的陰影，此前這個歷史悠久的品牌已經因為召回事件多年抬不起頭。2016年，通用汽車會繼續拓展美國汽車市場，同時也在努力推出新款無人駕駛汽車，如果進展順利可能會幫助通用汽車翻身，未來十年也有可能改變汽車行業格局。

9.福特汽車公司（Ford Motor）

《財富》美國500強排名：第9名

2015年營業收入：1496億美元

去年福特公布了在美國市場自2006年以來最好的業績。新推出的F系列卡車是最大的亮點，銷量超過78萬輛。隨著天然氣的價格走低，今年市場可能進一步擴張，福特將努力延續佳績。福特也有可能在無人駕駛技術上繼續推進，保持競爭優勢。目前福特已經跟谷歌、Uber等科技公司展開討論，首席執行官馬克?菲爾茨稱之所以在科技方面較為進取，主要是因為福特的公司文化。菲爾茨一直宣稱會不遺余力地推動福特轉為科技公司，既然全行業都在搞無人駕駛，福特也不能落后。

10.美國電話電報公司（AT&T）

《財富》美國500強排名：第10名

2015年營業收入：1468億美元

由于2015年主營業務遇到問題，美國電話電報公司已經啟動轉型。重整業務后的無線運營商T-Mobile不斷打擊AT&T，搶走了近200萬的包月移動用戶。傳統的固話業務加速萎縮，收入同比減少了10%。首席執行官蘭達爾?史蒂芬森推出了兩項大膽舉措，未來幾年有可能奏效，也有可能失敗。首先，他斥資近500億美元收購了衛星電視提供商DirecTV，還順便收購了有線電視接收機Uverse，瞬間變身為全球最大的電視運營商之一，在美國有2600萬用戶，還有1900萬海外用戶。AT&T還花不到50億美元收購了墨西哥運營商Nextel Mexico和Iusacell，然后把兩家公司合并起來，提高墨西哥的光電基礎設施水平。如果拉美地區能保持超過世界均速的增長，AT&T很有可能從中獲利。 (財富中文網)

If success is measured by how much money you generate, these companies are riding high.

Fortune has unveiled its annual ranking of the biggest revenue generators in corporate America. This year’s Fortune 500 companies represent two-thirds of the U.S. GDP, with $12 trillion in revenues, $840 billion in profits, $17 trillion in market value, and 27.9 million employees worldwide. Apple climbs to its highest rank ever at No. 3, and Walmart holds onto the No. 1 spot despite a slip in revenues, while AT&T returns to the top 10. Here are this year’s top 10 moneymakers:

1. Walmart

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 1

2015 Revenue: $482.1 billion

Walmart is making a lot of progress in adapting its big-box approach to the 21st century and has become the second largest online retailer in the U.S. after Amazon. By giving workers raises and investing heavily in tech, its U.S.

division has improved customer service and saw comparable sales rise each quarter in 2015. It is hoping to build on that with a major reset of its food business, which accounts for more than half of its sales, with a bigger focus on organic and fresh food, and by offering curbside order pick up. The retailer has also proven it can hold its own with the tech giants, rolling out Walmart Pay across the U.S. But huge challenges remain for the world’s largest company. Its e-commerce growth lags that of its main rivals. Its Sam’s Club unit is struggling to keep up with Costco. What’s more, its international division is being buffeted by a strong U.S. dollar that is eating into profits. Total sales fell for the first time in 2015.

2. Exxon Mobil

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 2

2015 Revenue: $246.2 billion

Exxon Mobil, the world’s largest publicly-traded oil and gas company by market value (China’s Sinopec and Royal Dutch Shell are larger by revenue), has ridden out the collapse in crude prices better than most, its vertically-integrated model allowing downstream businesses to capture the value that upstream operations lose when oil prices are low. ExxonMobil remains the industry benchmark for everything from profitability to safety standards, but its rocky relationship with climate change remains its Achilles’ heel. State attorneys in both New York and California have opened probes into whether it misled investors over the risks to its business from climate change, against a background of allegations (which it denies) that it suppressed scientific research that came to inconvenient conclusions.

3. Apple

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 3

2015 Revenue: $233.7 billion

After more than a decade of solid growth fueled first by the iPod music player and then by the even more popular iPhone, Apple finally appeared to hit a wall. Still the most profitable publicly-traded company in the world, Apple’s iPhone 6S and 6S Plus upgrades barely outsold their predecessors after arriving on the market at the end of 2015, while sales of the iPad tablet computer continued to shrink throughout the year. In April 2015, the Apple Watch arrived to mixed reviews and modest sales. And though debate raged for a bit about the state of Apple’s sales in China amid a slowing economy there — including an unusual August 2015 email from CEO Tim Cook to CNBC host Jim Cramer claiming no summer slowdown — the year ended on a weak note for the company in Asia. Lately, hopes have turned to the next iPhone upgrade cycle and a push to focus on India, where Apple’s market share remains miniscule. Still, even with the growing concerns, Apple’s next big leap came into view in 2015. Dubbed Project Titan and staffed with hordes of former car industry experts, Apple’s effort to leapfrog the automobile market with an electric masterpiece likely won’t reach consumers for a few more years. But when it does, Cook and company could be riding high again.

4. Berkshire Hathaway

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 4

2015 Revenue: $210.8 billion

Warren Buffett’s insurance and investing conglomerate Berkshire Hathaway is less about Buffett than it ever was. The company used to generate the bulk of its income from Buffett investment mastery. But in early 2016, Berkshire completed its $32 billion acquisition of Precision Castparts. That adds to dozens of companies Berkshire now owns from car insurance company Geico, to under wear maker Fruit of the Loom, to railroad giant Burlington Northern. The company also owns, along with private equity firm 3G, a sizeable chunk of food giant Kraft Heinz. Berkshire now generates nearly three-quarters of its revenue from its non-financial, operating businesses, which is good news. As of late, Buffett’s big stock market investments like IBM and American Express haven’t looked so hot.

5. McKesson

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 5

2015 Revenue: $181.2 billion

McKesson, the largest U.S. pharmaceutical distributor, is facing some major headwinds these days. After years of strong sales growth thanks to generic drug price inflation, that tailwind is expected to slow and cut into the company’s overall revenue growth this year. McKesson also recently lost a handful of customers and could potentially lose another $13 billion worth of revenue in 2018 when (or if) Rite Aid is acquired by Walgreens. Management has been working on a series of maneuvers to lessen these blows, including acquiring strategic bolt-on companies to replace lost business and implementing a restructuring plan that’s expected to generate about $180 million in savings this fiscal year.

6. UnitedHealth Group

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 6

2015 Revenue: $157.1 billion

America’s largest health insurer UnitedHealth had a year marked by notable departures. The company left the industry’s largest trade group, America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP), asserting that the association had adopted a strategy “that does not fit UnitedHealth Group and our diversified portfolio.” More recently, the company has announced that it would be leaving most of Obamacare’s statewide individual insurance marketplaces thanks to mounting losses. Both decisions speak to the insurance giant’s willingness to go it alone. That makes sense given its sheer size and the reach of its business — UnitedHealth has more than 100 million global customers. The insurer has also grown its health services platform Optum and pharmacy benefits unit OptumRx with major investments like the $12.8 billion buyout of Catamaran.

7. CVS Health

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 7

2015 Revenue: $153.3 billion

CVS Health is still feeling the pinch from its 2014 decision to drop cigarettes. But the company continues to leverage the positive PR from that move to convince more and more employers that it is truly a health care company, allowing it to win new business for its Caremark pharmacy benefits manager. And though the PBM eclipsed its retail drugstore business size a few years ago, the company has gone full steam ahead with expanding its CVS/pharmacy business, which has been grappling with declines in comparable sales.

CVS recently took over 1,700 in-store drugstores from Target and is rolling out order pickup with tech startup Curbside this year. It is also continuing to push healthier food options in its stores to burnish its image as a healthcare company and improve its beauty selection to better compete with arch-rival Walgreens.

8. General Motors

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 8

2015 Revenue: $152.4 billion

In 2015, General Motors’ most important goal was to distance itself from the ignition switch recall scandal that cast a pall over the historic brand for much of the previous year. For 2016, GM will look to continue staking its claim on a still growing U.S. auto market. The company is also inching towards the release of automated cars, a development that could potentially change the game for GM and the auto industry within the next decade.

9. Ford Motor

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 9

2015 Revenue: $149.6 billion

Last year Ford posted its best U.S. sales performance since 2006. The newly revamped F-Series Trucks were a particularly bright spot, with more than 780,000 vehicles sold. The company will look to continue that streak as the market is expected to grow again this year, thanks to low gas prices. The company will also likely continue to push into automated driving technology to keep up with increasing competition. Ford had been in talks with technology companies like Google and Uber recently, but ultimately decided not to partner with either. CEO Mark Fields noted that company culture was a big reason for this. Fields has made a lot of noise about his commitment to growing Ford as a tech company, and that should continue as the industry continues to automate.

10. AT&T

Fortune 500 Rank: No. 10

2015 Revenue: $146.8 billion

AT&T veered into a new direction in 2015 as some of its mainstay businesses ran into trouble. A continued assault from revitalized wireless carrier T-Mobile helped strip away almost two million of AT&T’s monthly mobile subscribers. And the old legacy landline phone business accelerated its decline, losing almost 10% of its revenue from the year before. So CEO Randall Stephenson made two bold gambles that may — or may not — pay off in coming years. First, he spent almost $50 billion to acquire satellite television provider DirecTV. Along with its existing cable television offering Uverse, the move immediately made AT&T one of the largest TV subscription services in the world with 26 million U.S. customers and 19 million overseas. AT&T also acquired Nextel Mexico and Iusacell for less than $5 billion. Combining the two and upgrading its Mexican infrastructure could pay off if Latin America continues to grow faster than many other parts of the world.