????9．表情符號

????如今經常用在短信和社交媒體上的卡通表情又被叫作“表情符”，它們最初源自用三個簡單的字符（冒號、破折號、括號）來模擬笑臉的表情。它是30年前由一位名叫斯科特?法爾曼的計算機科學教師發明的，用來在電腦通訊中表示“我在開玩笑”。2013年，自稱“老古董”的法爾曼嘆道：“有時我覺得自己就像弗蘭克斯坦博士，我的發明起初是良性的，但它后來發展到了我不贊成的方向。”

????9.Emoticons

????Today, the cartoon image icons used in texting and on social media are called emoji and stickers, but they began with a simple set of characters (colon, dash, close parenthesis) used to represent a smiley face. It was popularized 30 years ago by computer science teacher Scott Fahlman, as a way to say in typed communications, “I’m joking.” In 2013, self-proclaimed fuddy duddy Fahlman lamented, "Sometimes I feel like Dr. Frankenstein," he says. "My creature started as benign but it's gone places I don't approve of."