????埃里克?霍爾維茨

????知名科學家、微軟研究院常務董事

????“有人擔心未來我們可能會失去對某些智能的控制。我認為這種情況不大可能發生。我認為在使用人工智能系統這個問題上，我們會非常積極主動的。而且最終在人類生活的方方面面，從科學到教育到經濟，再到日常生活，我們都能享受到機器智能帶來的驚人效益。”

????黛伯拉?約翰遜

????維吉尼亞大學工程與應用科學學院科學、技術與社會項目倫理學教授

????“如果完全自動化的機器成熟了，所有任務可以依賴這些機器自行完成。那么這首先會帶來職責上的挑戰。設想一架盤旋在空中的無人機，能自動識別戰斗區域，并確定戰場上的哪些人是敵軍、哪些是平民，然后自行決定向敵軍目標開火。

????雖然生產這種無人機是可能的，但這種描述具有一定的誤導性。這類系統要想順暢運行，人類是必須要參與的。人類要做出這些決策，然后將任務委托給機器。設計這套系統的人類要決定機器怎樣完成任務，至少也要設定相關參數，來對機器的決策進行限定。另外在真實的環境中，人類還要判斷機器是否足夠可靠，能否委以重任。”

????邁克爾?利特曼

????布朗大學計算機科學教授

????“要明確的是，的確有人擔心不久的未來人工智能會對人類產生影響——比如人工智能的交易商會導致經濟崩潰，或是敏感的電網管理系統對用電量的起伏產生過度反應，從而切斷了大量人口的用電。還有人擔心，學術界和產業界的系統性編見，可能導致代表性不足的少數派無法參與掌控信息技術的發展方向。在新理念的發展和部署過程中，這些擔憂應該會扮演重要的角色。但是很多人擔心計算機會突然醒來攻擊我們，這種擔憂是不現實的。”（財富中文網）

????譯者：樸成奎

????審校：任文科

????Eric Horvitz

????Distinguished Scientist & Managing Director, Microsoft Research

????"There have been concerns about the long-term prospect that we lose control of certain kinds of intelligences. I fundamentally don't think that's going to happen. I think that we will be very proactive in terms of how we field AI systems, and that in the end we'll be able to get incredible benefits from machine intelligence in all realms of life, from science to education to economics to daily life."

????Deborah Johnson

????Anne Shirley Carter Olsson Professor of Applied Ethics in the Science, Technology, and Society Program in the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at the University of Virginia

????"Presumably in fully autonomous machines all the tasks are delegated to machines. This, then, poses the responsibility challenge. Imagine a drone circulating in the sky, identifying a combat area, determining which of the humans in the area are enemy combatants and which are noncombatants, and then deciding to fire on enemy targets.

????"Although drones of this kind are possible, the description is somewhat misleading. In order for systems of this kind to operate, humans must be involved.Humans make the decisions to delegate to machines; the humans who design the system make decisions about how the machine tasks are performed or, at least, they set the parameters in which the machine decisions will be made; and humans decide whether the machines are reliable enough to be delegated tasks in real-world situations."

????Michael Littman

????Professor of Computer Science, Brown University

????"To be clear, there are indeed concerns about the near-term future of AI — algorithmic traders crashing the economy, or sensitive power grids overreacting to fluctuations and shutting down electricity for large swaths of the population. There's also a concern that systemic biases within academia and industry prevent underrepresented minorities from participating and helping to steer the growth of information technology. These worries should play a central role in the development and deployment of new ideas. But dread predictions of computers suddenly waking up and turning on us are simply not realistic."